Cheza infuraredi

Mu atomu kapena infuraredi cheza chimakwirira dera kawalidwe pakati pa funde atomu, amene amaona m'diso la munthu ndi nsonga ake ofiira ndi mayikirowevu kapena cheza mayikirowevu. The kusiyana kwakukulu mu katundu kuwala zinthu anaona pakati pa kuzindikira za mu infuraredi ndi zooneka kuwala. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa yochepa aziweyulira cheza infuraredi mu madzi masentimita angapo wandiweyani opaque.

Pafupifupi 50% cheza dzuwa imagwera pa mtundu uwu. Ndi mbali ya anabisala ndi incandescent nyali komanso ena lasers angathe emitting cheza infuraredi. Kuti akalembetse, ntchito photovoltaic ndipo amalandira matenthedwe kapena zithunzi zapadera.

Mu uthunthu wa poizoni infuraredi ali zigawo zitatu: yochepa yoweyula, sing'anga-yoweyula ndi dera kuleza yoweyula. adziwana dzulo yaitali anawagawa cheza sublimated kapena terahertz.

khungu anthu akuzindikira cheza infuraredi ku zinthu otentha, ngati zotengeka ikukhudzana choncho amatchedwanso "kutentha." The timaganiza ankalankhula kutentha, zimadalira Kutentha kutentha. Ngati kutentha kwambiri, timaganiza ndi lalifupi, ndi mphamvu ya umuna wake pamwamba. The ayoni okondwa ndipo maatomu zimatulutsa cheza infuraredi. Osiyanasiyana ichi, pa kutentha wotsika ndipo mu atomu cheza sipekitiramu blackbody.

Katswiri William Herschel anapeza cheza mu atomu mu 1800, kenako kuwala infuraredi wakhala anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane. katundu Herschel anatsimikiza ntchito thermometers. Chifukwa cha zinthu zatsopano, izo wasonyeza kuti mbali zosiyanasiyana za kuonekera zochita sipekitiramu kutentha mosiyana. Herschel kupeza zotsatirazi: kutentha pazipita, chimene chili kunja kwa mtundu zimalimbikitsa wofiira, n'zotheka ndipo owoneka refraction.

Modern zasayansi magwero cheza infuraredi zochokera olimba boma maselo lasers mpweya. Iwo chosinthika ndi amodzi umuna pafupipafupi.

Kulembetsa matenthedwe cheza wapadera mbale Zithunzi ntchito. Photoresistor photoelectric chowunikira ndipo ali ndi zambiri onse osiyanasiyana tilinazo.

Iwo amatha zachilendo cheza infuraredi. katundu wotere kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana:

• mankhwala - mu physiotherapy;
• yolera yotseketsa katundu chakudya disinfection;
• mphamvu ya kutali - mu amazilamulira TV kutali zodziwikiratu ndi chitetezo kachitidwe, ena zitsanzo za mafoni;
• kupenta - khama mphamvu ndi mtengo wotsika kuposa njira convection;
• ngati wothandizira odana ndi dzimbiri;
• chakudya makampani - mu atomu mafunde osiyanasiyana ena kukhudza matenthedwe ndi kwachilengedwenso pa mankhwala, amene amathandiza imathandizira masinthidwe amuzolengedwa mu biopolymers;
• makampani zaulimi;
• misewu danga Kutentha kapena nyumba kwa Kutentha chachikulu ndi zina;
• poona kudalirika kwa ndalama, etc.

cheza infuraredi kungawononge maso athu. Mu malo amenewo kumene mkulu kutentha, cheza infuraredi n'koopsa kwa diso, ndipo ngati mulibe limodzi ndi zooneka kuwala gwero. Mu milandu m'pofunika ntchito Goggles zozitetezera.

Nthawi zina, infuraredi cheza chifukwa chovutitsa anthu sangathe. Tikhoza mwamtheradi ndipo alibe chilichonse ofanana ndi ultraviolet kapena X-ray.

Infuraredi poizoni ntchito kuphikira, kupanga chakudya chokoma, ngati pali onse a mchere ndi mavitameni, ndi mayikirowevu, iwo alibe chochita.

Ambiri tinganene kuti pafupifupi palibe malo kumene cheza infuraredi si ntchito lero.