Russian purosesa. Mapurosesa Russian yopanga

The Madivelopa la Chitaganya cha Russia anayamba kulenga microprocessors zawo amaonedwa mpikisano kwambiri poyerekezera ndi malonda a zopangidwa kutsogolera. Pali kale monga zitsanzo kupanga kukonzekera mafakitale, ndi zochitika anakonza. Kodi Russian mapurosesa - panopa kapena mtsogolo - kulandira chithandizo chapadera?

Waukulu Russian kutukula wa mapurosesa

Russian IT za malonda ndi mwachangu osauka. Anthu ambiri zipangizo zambiri zamakono za zigawo zake - ndi chitukuko cha microprocessor ndi cholinga ntchito mu ma PC ndi maseva amene nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi IBM-zomangamanga. msika tsopano chogwidwa zopangidwa ziwiri lonse - Intel ndi AMD. Zochitika mpikisano mu dziko, iwo ali ochepa kwambiri. Komatu zonsezi adzapelekedwa ndi akatswiri Russian.

Pakati pa tchipisi zingamuthandize ku Russia, amene angakhale mpikisano Intel ndi AMD, monga ankaganiza purosesa "Baikal". Amaganiza kuti Chip adzakhala anaika pa kompyuta amene analamula mabungwe boma. Mwinamwake, odziwika bwino microprocessor bizinezi amene analenga ntchito kukonzekera kuŵeta zitsanzo Chip - kampani MCST. Amalima tchipisi pansi pa chizindikiro cha "Elbrus" mu osiyanasiyana zosintha.

Tiyeni tione zimene mbali yodziwika ndi yaitali mapurosesa mwakhama Russia.

The purosesa m'tsogolo: "Baikal"

Mu June 2014, atolankhani Russian kufalitsa uthenga: Utumiki wa zamalonda ndi mafakitale akuyendera dongosolo la chitukuko cha microprocessors, omwe amayenera ina kuikidwa pa PC anagula zosowa boma. Tikuyankhula zokhudza tchipisi pansi pa chizindikiro dzina "Baikal". mfundo zodabwitsa khalidwe la Chip izi? Purosesa "Baikal" chinayamba kampani 'Baikal Electronics ". Zolipirira ntchito ya Center "T-nano" omwe adalenga bungweli "T-Oyandama", ndi nawo "Rosnano". Mu ntchito pa purosesa kalikiliki monga chida-United Corporation. Amadziwika kuti polojekiti angatengere mbali zopangidwa monga Depo Makompyuta, «Aquarius" ndi Kraftway.

Amaganiza kuti purosesa "Baikal" adzakhala analengedwa mu Mabaibulo angapo. The oyamba adzakhala, monga ena deta, 8-pachimake Chip Baikal M, ndi M / S kwa ma PC ndi maseva. Iwo kupangidwa zochokera 28 nm luso, komanso pakati kotekisi A57, ntchito pa maziko 64-bit. Magwiridwe "Baikal" mapurosesa adzakhala padziko 2 GHz. Zikuoneka kuti Chip adzakhala yogwirizana ndi Linux. Kenako nayonso adzamasulidwa 16-pachimake Chip. Iwo anapanga ndi 16 nm luso. Pali malipoti kuti purosesa Russian "Baikal" mu chigawo choyamba adzapatsidwa ndi Taiwan TSMC.

Brand "Elbrus": Ofunika Mfundo

Ena odziwika onse mu Russia ndi kunja microprocessor mtundu - "Elbrus". Chips pansi mtundu uwu kale ochokera mu mitundu angapo. Pali wapawiri-pachimake purosesa "Elbrus". Pali tchipisi ndi 4 kapena ngakhale 8 mitima.

Pali umboni kuti posachedwapa PC adzakhala anayambitsa kuti msika zochokera mapurosesa izi. tchipisi tsopano zakhazikika "Elbrus" analengedwa ndi makompyuta zikugwira ntchito zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana zosintha - m'mabuku, mipiringidzo maswiti, kompyuta, maseva. Makasitomala yaikulu PC imene purosesa Russia anaika, zinalengedwa ndi MCST akuyembekezeka kukhala nyumba kumbuyo. Komanso, pali chiyembekezo chakuti ankafuna za mabizinesi lalikulu. Chips "Elbrus" akhoza kuthamanga pansi waukulu opaleshoni dongosolo kwa ma PC IBM-zomangamanga - Windows, Linux.

Tiyeni tikambirane, monga mapurosesa "Elbrus" analengedwa.

Mapurosesa "Elbrus": m'mbiri

The kompyuta woyamba, limene limayamba ndi mbiri ya mtundu, analengedwa ndi asayansi Soviet mu 70s lapansi. Iwo anakhala kompyuta zovuta "Elbrus-1". Izo zinali zochokera mtundu wa tchipisi TTL ndipo ali kapangidwe ka mapurosesa 10 mphamvu okwana pafupifupi 15 megaflops. Kumlingo uyu anali makina apadera: makamaka mfundo kuphedwa yomweyi malamulo akhala akuyendera izo. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, dziko zachitika kompyuta imeneyi sanali kumeneko. RAM buku "Elbrus-1" anali 64 MB - kuposa bwino.

Pakuti wapadera kompyuta Soviet anayamba kukhala yake opaleshoni dongosolo ndi zinenero mapulogalamu payekha. Mu 1985, panali zovuta "Elbrus-2" ndi chitsanzo bwino za galimoto yoyamba. Iye anali wolemekezeka ndi kusinthidwa zigawo m'munsi pa tchipisi monga ECL. Cacikulu ntchito dongosolo purosesa kompyuta ali zoposa 125 megaflops. Kamangidwe ka mfundo kompyuta gawo yagwiridwira. Ovuta "Elbrus-2" yodziwika ndi mkulu mlingo wa ntchito ndi mtendere wa ntchito. Amadziwika kuti anali ntchito pa makhazikitsidwe zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo. Total malonda Soviet opangidwa 30 maofesi "Elbrus-2".

zinachitika "Elbrus-3" kompyuta anali chopangidwa mu 1990. Koma panthawi imeneyo, chifukwa cha mavuto azandale m'dziko lathu, ndalama kwa polojekiti mipingo. Komabe, kale mu 1992, izo unakhazikitsidwa LLP "Moscow ndi SPARC-umisiri Center", posakhalitsa anadzatchedwa kampani MCST. kampani anayamba kutulutsa machitidwe mafakitale, amene zochokera chofala SPARC luso analengedwa ndi Sun Microsystems.

Solutions zochokera SPARC

Kugwira ntchito ndi njira yochokera SPARC, MCST kampani zachitika mankhwala yake mu mawonekedwe a microprocessor a. Mabaibulo kale za zomangamanga zikanadziwika E2k. Lachitsanzo loyamba purosesa ndi ofotokoza otchedwa R150 linatuluka mu 2001. Njira zamakono adafotokoza ntchito njira zamakono 350 nm. Ine acita Russian purosesa pa pafupipafupi 150 MHz pa linanena bungwe la dongosolo la 150 megaflops.

Mu 2004, panali mphamvu kwambiri Chip - R500. Ake wotchi pafupipafupi anali 500 MHz. Anatulutsa mbali ya mfundo zina zamakono - 130 nm. Mu 2007, kampani anamasulidwa ndi wapawiri-pachimake purosesa MCST R500S Ukuimira zikuchitika m'munda wa sayansi SPARC. ntchito yake inali 1 GFLOPS.

Imodzi ndi chitukuko tchipisi zochokera kampani SPARC MCST chinkhoswe mu chilengedwe cha purosesa, izo zachokera kwathunthu akatswiri zake chitukuko. Choncho, pofika m'chaka cha 2007, iwo unalengedwa ndi kudutsa mayesero boma Russian purosesa "Elbrus". Iwo anali opangidwa malinga ndi muyezo 130 nm ndi opareshoni pa pafupipafupi 300 MHz. purosesa anali okonzeka ndi pakati limodzi ndi opareshoni pa liwiro la 4.8 gigaflops. Chip izi, komanso zochitika pa iye, chinali chiyambi cha banja lonse tchipisi, anakulira chatekinoloje, mkulu-ntchito njira. Tiyeni tione iwo.

"Elbrus-S»

Woyamba siriyo Chip ku MCST - ndi purosesa "Elbrus-S», amene anaonekera mu 2010. Iwo anali opangidwa malinga ndi muyezo wa 90 nm. Chip Izi ungatithandizire pa pafupipafupi 500 MHz ndi kuonetsetsa ntchito za dongosolo la 8 GFLOPS.

Mwina amanena kuti ntchito umenewu ndiye kusonyeza AMD Athlon 64 Chip ukugwira ntchito pa pafupipafupi 2.2 GHz.

"Elbrus-2S +"

Mu 2011 izo anaonekera kusinthidwa zotsatirazi wa purosesa - ndi Chip "Elbrus-2S +". Iwo anali opangidwa mogwirizana ndi zomangamanga wa 90 nm, koma ntchito yake kuposa - 28 gigaflops. Mwina kudziŵika kuti zizindikiro zofanana akafuna tchipisi monga Intel Kore 2 awiriwa, ndi Intel Kore i3. Pali umboni kuti zinthu ziyende wakhala akwaniritsa kuyamika kutukula limene limodzi purosesa pakati 4 tchipisi zina. chigawo ichi akuchita processing digito chizindikiro. Komabe, ophatikizidwa purosesa lolingana mtundu ngati anayesedwa akatswiri MCST, yodziwika mu gwero ndondomeko kwambiri kumasulidwa. Choncho, zitsanzo zotsatirazi "Elbrus" linasintha kukhala njira zina zothetsera kusamvana.

"Elbrus-4C"

Mu 2014 anayamba kupanga siriyo chotsatira microprocessor mwaluso - ". Elbrus-4C" Chip uwu wapangidwa 65 nm luso. pakati pake penipeni (a iwo, motero, 4) ntchito pa pafupipafupi 800 MHz. Aliyense wa iwo ali okonzeka ndi 2 MB wa posungira kukumbukira. N'zotheka kukwaniritsa ntchito processing wa 50 gigaflops. Izi ndi pafupi zofanana monga, Mwachitsanzo, Intel Kore i7-975 Chip - 53 gigaflops. Mphamvu ya Chip Russian - 45 Watts. Mu mbali iyi ya zakudya "Elbrus-4C" purosesa, ngati akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira, ndalama zoposa chitukuko American.

Chip ndi mitima 4 kuchokera MCST - mmodzi wa mosalekeza kwambiri. Ma PC, Malaputopu, maseva, mipiringidzo maswiti - Mitundu ya kompyuta imene CPU zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa. Kwenikweni, mu mzere wa makompyuta, amene amapanga gulu MCST, pali makina mu masanjidwe onse osankhidwa.

"Elbrus-8C"

The purosesa zatsopano kuchokera MCST - 8 mitima "Elbrus-8C". Chip zachokera muyezo 28 nm, amene kuchibweretsa icho mapangidwe dziko kutsogolera microprocessor. The posungira kukumbukira mlingo wachiwiri pa Chip mitima "Elbrus-8C" - 4 MB, wachitatu - 16 MB. The purosesa angathe kugwira ntchito ndi wamba muyezo RAM mtundu DDR3 1600. Sewerolo wa Chip, monga kuwayeza kuwerengetsera yolinganizika umodzi - 250 gigaflops. The purosesa 4 kukumbukira Mtsogoleri. Voterani matulukidwe kwa kuwombola njira interprocessor deta - 16 GB / gawo. Mphoto ntchito Chip - 250 gigaflops. Monga limakhudza ntchito ya Russian dziko analogues purosesa? Mwina kudziŵika kuti Chip ndi a Intel Kore i7 4930K limapanga 130-140 gigaflops. Makamaka atsopano "Elbrus" mapurosesa ndi motherboards latsopano, komanso Baibulo osiyana Os. Komanso, mwina iwo adzakhala anayamba pa multiprocessor Chip kompyuta m'Baibulo.

Pali umboni wakuti 2018 kampani adzamasula mapurosesa ngati MCST "Elbrus-16C". kamangidwe mphamvu zawo - 1 teraflops. Nawonso ankayembekezera kuti ndondomeko tchipisi udzakhala wokhazikika pa mfundo zosakwana 28 nm.

ziyembekezo Chip

Ngati akatswiri akuganiza wosindikiza mapurosesa Russian mtundu? Reviews ambiri IT madokotala, tinganene, aluntha.

Pali zifukwa zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, kutukula ambiri amanyadira n'chakuti purosesa wakhala analengedwa mu Russia, ndi mu zochitika nthawi yaitali mmene chuma chikuyendera sanali abwino chitukuko yogwira izo-makampani chonchi zina zamakono ndi mkulu-mapeto gawo. Kumbali ya ntchito aziona mapurosesa komanso zambiri zabwino.

Pali zina mwa zinthu zimene akatswiri amene kuthana ndi malonda ziyembekezo tchipisi ndi. Kuti iwo ndakuwonetserani, tiyenera misika chachikulu, amene anali m'manja mwa atsogoleri a dzikoli. Kupikisana nawo, akatswiri amanena, silidzakhala Lofewa.

Komabe, malinga ndi akatswiri ena, ndi mapurosesa "Elbrus" Kungakhalenso yotheka njira zina zothetsera kusamvana kwa Intel ndi AMD latsopano la Russia, makamaka mawu a zinthu asilikali, imene kutukula kuika patsogolo zofuna kuyeza kwambiri mbali ya kudalirika kwa zigawo pakompyuta ndi chitetezo cha ntchito zawo. Company MCST, akatswiri amanena, ndi ungathe kubweretsa nambala ya mapurosesa zake mogwirizana ndi zofunika.

Os "Elbrus"

Tikumbukenso kuti makamaka makompyuta wa MCST akuthamanga pa purosesa "Elbrus" osiyana opaleshoni dongosolo analengedwa. maziko ake anali Linux ngale mu Baibulo 2.6.33 Komabe, pansi processing kwambiri ofunika. Chifukwa ndi kuthamanga "Elbrus", yodziwika ndi mlingo wokweretsa chitetezo ndi kukhazikika pantchito. Polenga dongosolo Russian opaleshoni akhala zochitika akatswiri a INEUM iwo. I. S. Bruka.