Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich: yochepa mbiri. The lodziwika bwino Soviet womenya woyendetsa

June chitatu kutali ndi ovutitsa zana ndi makumi awiri naintini, ndi chilindo cha Obrazheevke - Hlukhiv mudzi m'chigawo cha chigawo Chernigov - analengeza kulira kwa khanda. Mnyamata wina dzina lake Vanya (Ivan). Zaka zambiri, ndipo boma lotchedwa Union of Soviet Socialist mayiko sadzapeza munthu amene sakudziwa kumene ndi pamene anabadwa woyendetsa Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Mwachidule yonena za gulu la Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndi Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo lili mfundo ndi kudabwitsa aliyense chidwi njira za nkhondo mpweya wa mayiko wamagazi nkhondo kuti zinangochitika mu XX atumwi.

Mu mlengalenga, kunyumba

Kutsogolo, Ivan Kozhedub sichidawonekepo chiyambire masiku oyambirira a Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ndipo mu March 1943. Koma woyendetsa anakwanitsa molimba mtima, kulimba mtima, ubwino nkhondo wakhala katatu Hero wa Soviet Union. Ngakhale yamtendere dziko ayesedwa nyota za woyendetsa udindo wa "Air polimbana" (1985).

Kozhedub MU Iye anamenyana ndi mdani monga mbali ya anagwirizana mphamvu. Zothandiza kwambiri WWII woyendetsa anathamangira kuchita utumwi nkhondowo nthawi 366 anathetsera 120 nkhondo mpweya, inathetsedwa 62 ndege Nazi.

Mac kugunda mipherezero mwaluso ntchito pang'ono zolakwa mdani. Igwani chimodzimodzi mu cholinga pa udindo uliwonse la ndegeyo. Kozhedub makina Pankhaniyi anali invulnerable: ngakhale ngozi yoopsa, izo zinali zonse "pa phiko". Kulimbana abwenzi anati: "Mu mlengalenga, kunyumba."

Awiri masiku a kubadwa

Indomitable khalidwe Ivana Kozheduba, luso lake kupeza njira yothetsera vuto lililonse anaikidwa ana aang'ono. Mu banja, kukhala m'dzikolo, anakula ana asanu. Atate (poyamba Woyang'anira) anabereka ana mosamalitsa, kutumikiridwa sakramentili kupita kukagwira ntchito m'mamawa.

Kale mu Vanya 5 zaka Ine ndinayenda usiku kutchinga munda. Mutu wa banja ankadziwa chitetezo choterocho kuthandiza, koma ankakhulupirira kuti mayesero amenewa kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe, kuphunzira zothetsera mavuto. Kenako, mnyamata anathandiza kuyan'ana abusa ng'ombe wamkulu (anali underherdsman). Ntchito sanaope, anaganiza kuti: msewu ndi kuyenda.

Mu 1934, 14 wazaka mnyamata wamaliza maphunziro mu sukulu akumidzi. zaka ziwiri kudziwa anaphunzira pa rabfak (antchito luso kukonzekera ogwira ntchito ndi anthu wamba kuphunzira ku sekondale). Mu 1936 iye anadutsa mayesero pakhomo mu College of Chemical Technology (Shostka).

Zapamwamba: kulowa koleji, achinyamata zaka kuchuluka angapo zaka. Pali umboni kuti Kozhedub MU sanabadwe June 8, 1920, ndi July 6, 1922 Mu 1939, woyendetsa tsogolo anayamba maphunziro ake Shostka zouluka club. Katswiri wosiyanasiyana biplane U-2.

frontline kumwamba

Complete maphunziro Kozhedub College analibe mwayi - m'chiyambi cha 1940, tsogolo mankhwala injiniya anali Red Army (ogwira ntchito asilikali 'ndipo Alimi' Red Army). Tsoka anamutuma panjira osiyanasiyana: za kugwa kwa chaka cha forte Ivan Nikitivich analandira "kutumphuka" (dipuloma) Chuguev usilikali Aviation Pilot School (March 1941 Sukulu ya ndege). Wophunzira bwino linasiyidwa sukulu monga mlangizi woyendetsa, kuphunzitsa oyamba.

Koma kutsogolo, nayenso, anafuna omenyana ofunika kwambiri monga Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich. Mwachidule yonena limati mu 1943 anam'tumiza ku 302 TH Wankhondo Division, kwa Voronezh Front. Choncho anayamba ntchito yake fano asilikali a mibadwo yambiri ya anthu a USSR ndi Russia.

Nkhondo yoyamba ya ndege lake La-5 chawonongeka - kuchokera German "Messer", koma pa nthawi yomweyo - kuchokera Soviet gunners odana ndege, kutsogolera nkhondo. Komabe Kozhedub anatha kumtunda ndege kuonongeka. Zinaoneka kuti ntchito yake ndege yatha, wakhala tangoyamba chabe. Koma mkulu wa Regiment anathandiza oyamba kumene, mpata kudzitsimikizira nkhondo wotsatira ndi mdani.

July, 1943

Woyamba Nazi ndege anawomberedwa pansi Kozhedub anakhala U-87 ( "Junkers"). Real anatenga chimodzi mu July 1943 pa nkhondo aukali pa Kursk. Pa July 7 chifukwa cha Ivan anatchulidwa wina "Junkers" ndipo patatha masiku awiri - 2 BF-109 womenya (Messerschmitt Bf.109, kapena Ine-109).

azambiriyakale asilikali olekanitsidwa ndi kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane zinayi amunamuna kanthu zimene zimapangitsa Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Mwachidule yonena za iye zochitika izi ndi motere. Woyamba amunamuna chikalata pachibwenzi thirtieth September 1943 Lero autumn, kutembenuzira ndege pa ntchito yokonza zinthu pa asilikali a Soviet ankawoloka Dnieper, Ivan anatsala mosadziteteza kwathunthu (popanda zofunda zawo), koma osati mantha.

Atazindikira "Junkers", iye analumphira m'madzimo pa ndege wosiyanasiyana wa Luftwaffe, ananyema mu unit mdani. Kugwedezeka kulimba mtima wa Ace Soviet Anazi anaimitsa mabomba, anapita kumbuyo. Ndine akudalira kuti Ivan Kozhedub, ndi zinazo zimene wapanga mbiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo yakuti mmodzi wa Yehu 87 Atanyamuka ku gulu kuwuwononga anamufoolera Yobu kwathunthu mdani.

October 1943

Chachitatu October 1943 naini osakwatiwa-injini womenya La-5 (kuphatikizapo ndege Kozhedub) yokutidwa danga la ntchito ya usilikali pa magombe a Dnieper. oyendetsa anaona mitambo mzati "laptozhnikov" (a dzina linaperekedwa Russian "Junkers 87").

Lililonse 9 mdani zoponya mabomba yokutidwa asanu ozimitsa pa "Ine-109." Zinaoneka kuti iwo anadzazidwa thambo lonse. Ngakhale kuti magulu ankhondo anali wosiyana, Ivan Nikitivich molimba mtima anatsogolera mlandu asanu La-5. mdani sanayembekezere ndi miserly kuchuluka kwa Soviet ndege adzatha kwambiri kukumanizana sitima zawo phompho, koma miscalculated.

A maminiti pang'ono kuukira anayamba pansi anakomoka awiri monga "Junkers". ndege zina woyamba naini yomweyo anapereka "n'zosiyana". A nthawi yochepa anabwerera ndipo 2 naini Yehu 87. oyendetsa Soviet anapambana mphamvu, ndi luso zopanda malire kulimbamtima, kusadziona kukhala wopambana ena.

Oika "kuti achoke" galimoto mmwamba ndi akutembenukira kanthu Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Mwachidule yonena za lake Kunalembedwa kuti Iye anaika "mafuta mfundo" polimbana ndi zoponya mabomba Nazi madzi.

February, 1945

Mwezi wachiwiri yozizira mu 1945 zinali zodzaza ndi nkhondo pa Oder. Kodi kusiyanitsa mu Vistula-Oder ntchito Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich? Mwachidule yonena za ngwazi ndipo muli mfundo zimenezi. Mu mlengalenga pa Oder woyendetsa oyamba m'mbiri ya dziko Watsitsa ya ndege zatsopano "INE-262". Pamaso pake kupambana galimoto Luftwaffe zatsopano kapangidwe sakanakhoza kukhala wina aliyense.

Izo zinachitika monga chonchi. February chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi Kozhedub ndi mnzake wotchedwa Dmitry Titorenko, anapeza pamalo okwera makilomita atatu a ndege osadziwika. Iye anawulukira pa liwiro ngakhale latsopano "La 7" malire (kumapeto kwa 1944 Kozhedub anakhala kazembe. Commander ya 176 TH alonda. IAP, umene ndi mwezi kwambiri chilimwe anali womenya, "La 7", makina angapo kapangidwe atsopano ).

Kozhedub anaona kuti Ace German alekerera, chifukwa galimoto yake ntchentche "mofulumira kuposa kuwala" ndi danga pansi akhoza atapanda kusamala. Soviet woyendetsa anakumana galimoto adani Inde kugunda, lake La-7 womenya anawomberedwa "German" Chabwino pansi "m'mimba".

Titarenko anayamba kuwomba Mosakhalitsa, koma kuukira anakakamizika mdani kumbali mongoyembekezera "chete" Kozhedub chotsimikiziridwa zotsatira wopambana. Pamene mtunda yafupika pazipita zotheka, Ivan anatsegula moto, smashing zotakasika "chozizwitsa."

April 1945

Mu mwezi wachiwiri wa kasupe kuwina Ivana Kozheduba anaganiza "chiopsyezo" adani - America. Mosatekeseka woyendetsa Kozhedub, ankalimbikitsa American «B-17», otpugnuv awiri omenyera German. Koma pasanapite nthawi anadwala matenda wamphamvu patali. Amene anawomberedwa - izo sizinali bwino mu kutentha kwa nkhondo. Komabe, awiri wosadziwika ndege anali akulimbana pa chiwonongeko cha makina Soviet nkhondo!

Anasungidwa, Ivan Nikitivich, anapita mbali imodzi ndipo anam'menya. Wina kukopa (Kozhedub ankaoneka tiwolokere mu mlengalenga), kuwombera - nagwa pansi yachiwiri wopha mapiko. Mwamwayi, anagonjetsa anakhala US Air Force, "Mustangs." Ogwirizana anafotokoza mchitidwe wawo wachiwembu kuti "mphulupulu kwachitika."

Ndipotu, mbali ya polimbana Nazism aganiza zofufuza Kozhedub losagonjetseka "mphamvu." Ndiyeno sanamugwiritse Iye mwala Ivan Kozhedub kupulumuka ft ngakhale mu zinthu mosayembekezeka angathe kuonedwa monga inanso chitsimikizo chakuti iye ndi ngwazi.

afterword

Ndiye kodi ndege ambiri anawomberedwa pansi Kozhedub? Pamodzi ndi "Mustang" ogwirizana - 64. Kozhedub MU anali kupereka mkulu maulemu boma mbadwa: kuphatikizapo dongosolo la Lenin (4), Red Flag (7), Red Star (2), Alexander Nevsky, World nkhondo yoyamba msinkhu, etc., komanso malamulo yachilendo .. anamwalira Kozhedub chitatu August 1991. M'manda - Moscow, ndi Novodevichy manda.