Alikhan Bukeikhanov: yonena, za ndale, chikumbukiro

Kwa nthawi yaitali dzina la munthu uyu analetsedwa ndipo iye monga ambiri a m'nthawi yake, mwalamulo ankaona mdani wa anthu. Koma kwa nthawi yaitali munthu uyu asintha khalidwe lawo, ndi ntchito yake kum'patsa ulemu wa obadwa othokoza. Lero ndi wandale kwambiri Alikhan Bukeikhanov mwambo chikondwerero mu 2016 - mmodzi wa ngwazi dziko la Republic of Kazakhstan. Ndipotu, pa guwa la ufulu wa dziko Central Asia, iye anaika moyo wake wonse.

Yogwira anthu chithunzi, wandale owala, waluntha wolemba, katswiri wina wodziwa ndi patriot ndi likulu la ... Ndipo ethnologist, Katswiriyu, zachuma, loya, katswiri - ndipo ichi si mndandanda wa maudindo onse. Osati kwambiri za mbiri ya Kazakhstan amadziwa umunthu wa ukulu uwu!

Lero, mbiri yake ndi umoyo kuphunzira m'sukulu Chikazaki. Mu dziko lino, amaona ngwazi yadziko. Pachifukwa ichi, mu Chikazaki mabuku a umunthu wake odzipereka kwambiri masamba. Choncho, tiyeni mwatsatanetsatane mu mbiri ya munthu wamkulu uyu.

Childhood ndi unyamata Bukeikhanov

Ubwana ndi unyamata mtsogoleri tsogolo la mtundu zinachitika m'mudzi wina №7 Tokraunskoy parishi Karkarala chigawo cha Semipalatinsk dera (masiku ano izo Aktogai chigawo cha dera Karaganda). Kumeneko anabadwa wachisanu March 1866 Bukeikhanov Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich, kukhala woyamba kwa atate ndi amayi.

banja lake wa ana a Chikazaki sultans wa torus, ndipo mutu Chingizid Alikhan bambo anavala ndi kunyada. N'zoona zambiri Bukeikhanov kaso pedigree alibe chimawala. Banja ankavutika kupeza ndalama zofunikira.

Ofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mwana wake, chidutswa odalirika mkate, anaipereka kwa makolo Alikhan Madrasah nditamaliza sukulu mu Karkaralinsk malonda sukulu. Koma angathe mnyamata wopulupudza ndipo ndinapeza kaphunzitsidwe ndi osauka ndipo mwakufuna limodzi ndi sukulu Chirasha Chikazaki. Pa nthawi imeneyo, achinyamata Bukeikhanov zaka zinayi zokha.

Kumasulidwa anabwera nineties za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, pamene pachimake yomanga njanji Siberia ndi antchito m'munsi luso anali zikufunika kwambiri. Anali okonzeka Omsk sukulu yophunzitsa maluso amene wophunzira nakhala wolowa nyumba wa Genghis Khan.

Koma ntchito railwayman sanali kudzaonekera. A luso mnyamata kumapitirirabe afika ntchito zachuma pa St. Petersburg Imperial Institute Nkhalango. Mu yomweyi, iye katswiri Chilamulo pa University (komanso St. Petersburg). Atakhoza mayeso omaliza, Alikhan Bukeikhanov akuyamba akula kwakukuru ophunzira anyamata - chamaziko akatswiri chosaiwalika kwenikweni ano, amene amadziwa zinenero naini. Ngakhale ndiye zinaonekeratu kuti mnyamatayu ali ndi tsogolo lalikulu ndi yowala.

ntchito Research

Mu moyo wake onse Alikhan Bukeikhanov anakwanitsa kutenga mbali Maulendo kafukufuku anayi ndi kulemba makumi asanu mapepala akuluakulu sayansi ndi zolemba zoposa zikwi ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana.

M'zigawozigawo osadziwika dziko ndi amakopa iye, ndipo pa masamu woyamba kuphunzitsa pa sukulu zaulimi, kenako kunyamula utumiki malamulo mu Omsk School zaumisiri, akupitiriza kupeza zinthu zatsopano ndi kudzifunsa. Ndipo pamwamba pa zonse Bukeikhanov nthawi zonse chidwi ndi mbiri ya Kazakhstan.

Woyamba wa maulendo anayi iye anali Tobolsk, imene ankaphunzira funso la resettlement Russian pa Chikazaki dziko. Zinangokhala pambuyo pa mapeto a Institute Forest - mu 1894. Ndipo zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, anayamba kuphunzira dera steppe - ndipo kachiwiri osamukira mu adzitengere ulamuliro wa. Malinga ndi dongosolo boma, lomwe bungwe chochitika, asayansi anali kudziwa dziko wopanda oyenera migrations latsopano.

Koma patriot wamng'ono kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso m'njira zawo. Onse adaona ndipo anamva Maulendo, ndipo anadzakhala maziko ntchito ya sayansi ndi journalistic, zimene wolemba anasonyeza natsimikizira ovutika udindo wa Kazakhs m'dziko lakwawo chifukwa cha dala resettlement mfundo za tsarism. Izi zilili sakanakhoza kukhala opanda chidwi Bukeikhanov. Iwo anali "kudwala" ndipo analimbana naye mpaka mapeto a moyo.

Kuwonjezera kafukufuku lathu umoyo-mbiri, chinkhoswe m'tsogolo Nduna ya Kazakhstan ndi chuma, yamderali, nchito agrarian, ulimi nyama ndi zina zotero D..

chidwi chachikulu Mwachitsanzo, ntchito zake zoyenera steppe nkhosa kuswana dera, ayamikira wapatali kuswana nyama: komwe ndi zimene zimasokoneza bwino kuposa chakudya kusamalira, etc ...

Abay: ankadziwa ntchito za ndakatulo iyi

mfundo zimene Alikhan Bukeikhanov wenga pa dziko lakwawo Chikazaki anakhala akamanena ntchito pa buku chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu cha "khamu Russian. Full kufotokoza dera limene dera lathu. " N'kosavuta kuti ndikulingalira kuti izi ndendende odzipereka kwa Kazakhstan, ndipo Bukeikhanov anali mmodzi wa olemba a. Mu gawo lake, iye analankhula za chikhalidwe, moyo, maganizo ndi gawo ethnographic wa anthu Chikazaki, mafanizo zikukangalika ntchito onse wowerengeka ndi ntchito wolemba, makamaka ndakatulo. Alihana Bukeyhanova chidwi kwambiri mu ndakatulo za chi wake - Abai, amene ndakatulo "Kozy-Korpesh ndi Bayan Sulu" iye kusanthula ntchito ya sayansi.

Pamaso pa kafukufuku wa Abay anali mmodzi wa ophunzira zabwino latsopano Chikazaki aluntha kulimbikitsa ufulu wa Kazakhstan. Ndipo Bukeikhanov amayesetsa ina iliyonse kutsindika kuyandikana awo ndi akuru Chikazaki ndakatulo.

Tikumbukenso kuti m'tsogolo "ankalimbikitsa" ndi Abai ndi ntchito yake kwa anthu onse, kukhala wolemba mbiri woyamba ndi kukonzekera kusindikiza bukhu la ntchito za ndakatulo iyi. Koma kusindikiza Kutolere essays Bukeikhanov chinalepheretsa kumangidwa, umene unachitika mu 1905.

Yogwira chithunzi pagulu

Malinga ndi nkhani, amene amatipatsa ndi mbiri boma Alikhan Bukeikhanov kuyambira pa unyamata wake kumaonekera monga yogwira chithunzi anthu. Makamaka noticeable kumakhaladi chithunzi cha 1893, pamene mbadwa ya Genghis Khan, membala wa zibonga zosiyanasiyana (m'mabuku a zachuma), ndi zinthu zachiwawa, nzolinganizidwa ophunzira. Ndi pamene Bukeikhanov choyamba anafotokoza apolisi, ndipo akugwa mu mndandanda wa anthu ankaona "wosadalirika ndale."

Young Patriot akulowa dziko kumasulidwa kayendedwe ka dera steppe ndipo pamapeto pake amakhala mtsogoleri wawo. Ichi ndi chifukwa china chachikulu amathandiza kuti wanzeru oratory Bukeikhanov. Ena a m'nthawi, anali ndi mwayi kukhala pa mawu ake, anawayerekezera ndi zisudzo za Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, ndi kuti pafupifupi mu zosatheka wolephera iwo mu limaonetseratu ndi wokhutiritsa.

Chiyambi cha pantchito yabwino ndale

Mwachibadwa, ngati munthu ali ndi njira mwachindunji mu ndale. Iye anayenda molimba mumsewu umenewu. Mu 1905, Alikhan Bukeikhanov amakhala membala wa Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets) ndi maloto kulenga m'deralo (Chikazaki) dipatimenti ake. Pa nthawi ya msonkhano mu mzinda wa Uralsk ndi Semipalatinsk. Mu chaka chomwecho iye anasankhidwa Wachiwiri kwa Choyamba State Duma wa Russian Ufumu.

Koma kuimira zofuna za Kazakhs Bukeikhanov pa apamwamba boma mlingo ine sindinatero, chifukwa Duma anali kusungunuka pasanapite nthawi kuchokera chisanko. Nthawi anayamba wopanduka, wosakhazikika - Russian anagwedeza molimba kwenikweni. Ziwanga anayesa kuteteza ufulu wawo mwa kufalitsa Vyborg Ndondomeko udzafunidwa kuletsa nchito yanyumba ya tsarist Duma, koma khama lawo analephera. Mu uthenga linali dzina la Alihana Bukeyhanova.

Monga tanena mu 1905, ndi wandale aspiring, amene anali wayesetsa kutsatira ndi gendarmes, anamangidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Iye mlandu kufulumiza kusamvera boma. Amangidwe chachiwiri chinachitika mu 1908, ndipo nthawi imeneyi iye sakanakhoza potsikira zosavuta mantha. maganizo Political Alihana Bukeyhanova akuchita motsutsana ndi mwamakani atsamunda malamulo a tsarist Russia, akuluakulu a boma ankaona atakwatirana ndi ufulu ndiponso ukapolo womenyera ufulu oloza ku Samara, kumene ankakhala mpaka 1917, imene zasintha kwambiri mu dziko. Chaka chino Russia wakhala osiyana. 1917 anapereka Bukeikhanov ndikuyembekeza kuti anthu ake potsiriza athe kukhala odziimira paokha.

Biographers Bukeikhanov amaona chitsanzo chabwino kwa andale lero. Krustalo wake kuona mtima iye anati mobwerezabwereza, mpaka mpweya wanga wotsiriza pamene kukhalabe okhulupirika dziko mbadwa ndi anthu ake. munthu uyu anali mmodzi wa anthu amene apite mu ndale osati chifukwa cha madalitso, koma chifukwa cha ubwino onse.

mtolankhani waluntha

Journalistic ndi journalistic ntchito - ichi ndi wapadera zofunika kwambiri wosanjikiza mu cholowa Alihana Bukeyhanova. Kudziwa bwino lomwe kuti mawu - chida bwino, anayesa ntchito ngati kuli kotheka ndi bwino.

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1905 mpaka 1907 Bukeikhanov mkonzi ntchito mu Cadets Party manyuzipepala "Mau", "Omsk" ndi "Irtysh". Analemba nkhani maphunziro kuti "New Buku Dictionary". Ndipo kuyambira 1910 kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi woyamba magazini Chikazaki chinenero "Aikap" limene limafotokoza mmene ndale derali, mkuuka mavuto a maphunziro, mankhwala, sayansi, mabuku ndi gawo agrarian, ndi zina zambiri. Onse amene anali pa milomo ya patsogolo Chikazaki anzeru a nthawi.

The chabwino weniweni kudzutsidwa chikugwirabe dziko anali nyuzipepala "Chikazaki" imene Bukeikhanov anamasulidwa pamodzi ndi mafanizo ena yogwira anthu ndi atolankhani - ndi Dulatova Baitursynov. Chopereka atatu izi chitukuko cha ndondomeko za demokalase ndi kukonda dziko lako ku Kazakhstan zimavuta Musaone.

Mwa njira, nkhani za ake Alikhan Bukeikhanov lofalitsidwa mu "Chikazaki" pansi pa dzina "Mwana wa steppes ndi" ( "Kyr Balas").

freemasonry

Pali zambiri kuti nthawi zina Bukeikhanov anathandizana ndi anthu osema miyala. dzina lake linali Maulendo a Kerensky, amene anatsogolera Masonic mphanga "Ursa Minor" mu St. Petersburg.

Pa kulondola kwa mfundo zikuloza chakuti chilengedwe cha gulu Samara wa kena kachipembedzo kotchedwa Freemasons chinachitika pambuyo pa msonkhano ndi Kerensky Bukeikhanov. Komanso, amadziwika kuti mwa ophunzira gulu limeneli anali cadets ambiri, amene anali a ngwazi za nkhaniyi.

Anthu osema miyala mbadwa ya Genghis Khan anaona pamwamba ogwirizana onse. ubwenzi wake ndi kufotokoza chiyembekezo cha thandizo popereka kudziyimira pawokha kwa Kazakhs. Mu chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri iye ngakhale anamuika mutu wa Provisional Boma la Kazakhstan, koma posachedwapa kenako njira osema miyala ndi Alihana Bukeyhanova omwazika, monga yotsirizira anazindikira kuti kuthandiza zolinga zawo za gululi, iye sadzakhala kudikira. Kodi si kudikira pa iye, ndipo kuchokera Cadets. Ndi iwo mu chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri iye anati tiwonana kwambiri.

Chipani "Alash": wozungulira latsopano la ntchito ndale

Zokhumudwitsa anachitika Bukeikhanov, sanali kuphwanya mzimu wake. Wandale pambuyo chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri kusintha si atagona pansi zida, ndi mosemphanitsa - likuyenda mapiko ake. Pamodzi ndi anzake, adzaoneka pa chilengedwe cha nyuzipepala "Chikazaki" Iye bungwe latsopano, palokha kwathunthu zandale "Alash Orda" (Alash - dzina ambiri anthu onse, kenako linatchedwa Kazakhs).

Zimene zinachitikazi ndi tanthauzo lalikulu m'mbiri komanso kwakukulukulu anatsimikiza za tsogolo la lero Kazakhstan ano. Chipani "Alash" dziko lawo woona logwirizana ndi mabwalo a chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndi pa mtima wa mfundo zake kuika mtima wofuna kumenyera ufulu wa Kazakhstan monga gawo la demokalase Russia. Amphamvu gulu latsopano zikuphatikizapo pafupifupi mtundu wonse wa Chikazaki anzeru a nthawi.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov walunjika chipani kuyambira penipeni. Pa kugwira ntchito kwa mphamvu za ndale izo congresses angapo inachitika, mmodzi amene chinachitika mu 1918, mwambo n'kale lonse - analengeza woyamba palokha boma la Kazakhs. Ndipo mlengi wa chipani "Alash" anali udindo waukulu - nduna yaikulu ya Kazakhstan!

Panthawiyi, anthu ambiri yapachiweniweni nkhondo m'kati mu Russia. Dziko amagwidwa chisokonezo. Poyamba Alash ordintsy anamenyana ndi Bolsheviks kumbali ya azungu a. Koma pamene chigonjetso cha ku Russia, iwo anali kukambirana ndi otsutsa maganizo mtendere ndi mgwirizano. Waukulu chikhalidwe "ubwenzi" Inde, anali kuteteza ufulu wa boma akhanda. Ndipo anavomereza ndi wofiira, koma pa pepala. Ndipotu, kuchokera pamene mapeto a mgwirizano wa Republic la Kazakhstan unatha.

Motero, kwa nthawi yochepa Alikhan Bukeikhanov walunjika chipani "Alash", umene unali wotsiriza wa adakwaniritsa m'bwalolo ndale. Mkubwela kwa mphamvu Soviet onyada Chikazaki anaona kuti ndi bwino kusiya boma la zochitika za mtundu uliwonse.

Kupondereza ndi imfa Bukeikhanov

Ngakhale kusiya Bukeikhanov ndale, achinyamata Soviet boma ankaona kuti mdani woopsa. Iye chinalepheretsa latsopano achinyamata Soviet dongosolo chifukwa iwo alibe kugawana maganizo chikominisi. Ndimasewera naye monga mphaka ndi mbewa, ndi odzutsa, ndiye kulola lotayirira.

Zinali zofunika kuthetsa mphamvu ya anayambitsa chipani "Alash Orda" kwa anthu a m'dziko lakwawo, kotero izo ziri mu chaka twente-yachiwiri mokakamiza kunditumiza ku Moscow, kumene wachita sayansi, mabuku ethnography; Iye amaphunzitsa pa yunivesite. Kwa nthawi ya Alikhan Bukeikhanov analola "unachotsa" mwa Leningrad - kumene anali akuyembekezera ntchito pophunzitsa. Koma mbali yabwino zaka fifitini "maulalo" unachitika ku likulu la Soviet Union.

"Ogwidwa" Chikazaki mwakachetechete ndiponso modzichepetsa lint pa ntchito ya sayansi, kusonkhanitsa nthano kuphunzira mbiri ya (a mobisa kulemberana makalata ndi anthu a m'dziko lakwawo ndi kutsogolera njanji mobisa dziko kumasulidwa kayendedwe). Ndi khalidwe lake ankaoneka chabwinobwino kwathunthu.

Koma m'chaka-chiwiri "Ndimatchetcha pansi" ndipo osati ... Mwachibadwa, mtsogoleri wakale dziko zachoka chokana Stalin. Pa chaka makumi chachiwiri, Alihana Bukeyhanova anamangidwa, mlandu wa uchigawenga ndi makumi awiri ndi chiwiri wa September 1937 analamulidwa kuti aphedwe. Pa ukalamba wa Chikazaki patriot palibe kulabadira ayi. chiganizocho anaphedwa tsiku lomwelo.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov: banja ndi moyo

Pa moyo wa waukulu chithunzi ndale za m'ma makumi awiri Kazakhstan a amadziwika osati kwambiri. Koma ngakhale mfundo ndi, zokwanira kumvetsa - iye sanali wopanda mitambo.

Mu 1901 anakwatira Elena Bukeikhanov Sevastianova, ndi mwana wa mtolankhani Yakova Sevastyanova, amene Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich ntchito mu bukhu la "steppe Region." Kale mu 1902, banjali lili ndi mwana Kanipa (mwalamulo - Elizabeth). Ndipo zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, mu 1910, wolowa limapezeka m'banja - mwana Oktay (mwalamulo - Sergei).

Mu chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu Elena Bukeikhanov mwadzidzidzi wamwalira ndi kusiya mwamuna ndi ana ake awiri mu manja ake. Koma Alikhan anali mphunzitsi wabwino ndi kuikitsa yabwino. Onse anapita ku mapazi bambo wake ndipo anakhala kanjedza sayansi. Mdzukulu (mwana wa Elizabeth) anafa pa nkhondo pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Kachiwiri kukwatira Chikazaki patriot sanatero. Ndipo lisanathe masiku ake anakhalabe wokhulupirika mwadzidzidzi adachoka mkazi wokondedwa.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti palibe achibale Alihana Bukeyhanova sanali "unadetsedwa." Olowa Chikazaki sultans monyadira ankavala dzina lake, ngakhale ngozi imene anali zinadzala. Ndipo pamene, pambuyo konzanso mmodzi wa nephews ndi Bukeikhanov analandira mu Archive "imfa ziganizo", nkhope kusonkhana wake misozi, ndi mtima wake unadzaza ndi kunyada wachibale wake waukulu.

chikumbukiro

Koma achibale ndi anzake a chikumbukiro cha Gazakh kwambiri osati dzina Alikhan Bukeikhanov. The chikumbutso 150th kubadwa kwake chaka chino chikondwerero pansi pa mothandizidwa UNESCO! kuzindikira amenewa ochepa Musiyeni ...

zingapo zochitika ndi zinakonzedwa ndi kale ikuchitika pa mlingo Amalawi Kazakhstan, amene ufulu kotero monyadira ndi anateteza mopanda mantha Alikhan Bukeikhanov. Buku chionetsero wodzipereka kwa moyo wa nthano, ulaliki wa zopelekedwa Nsanja ya ntchito anasonkhana, misonkhano yosiyanasiyana, misonkhano ndi zambiri okonzeka oyamikira ana pokumbukira munthu amene anadzipereka kuti utumiki wa anthu ake.