Mbiri ya mzinda wa Yaroslavl mwachidule. City a Yaroslavl: history, zowoneka

Yaroslavl ndi umodzi mwa mizinda chidwi kwambiri Russia. Today ife kukuuzani inu chimodzimodzi za iye. Mbiri ya mzinda wa Yaroslavl ndi zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zochitika za boma Russian, chikhalidwe wachuma wa dziko lathu. Mapu pansipa wofiira amalembedwa Yaroslavl dera.

Chikhalidwe ndi mbiri tanthauzo la mzindawo

Pa confluence wa Volga ndi Kotorosl m'nthawi 11 linamangidwa linga, amene anali kuteteza njira kuti Rostov Wamkulu. Anaona nkhondo nkhanza ndi odzipereka asilikali Russian kwa gulu ankhondowo zitsulo khoma Spassky obisika. M'tawuni yomasulira Moscow akhamukira asilikali Minin ndi Pozharsky. Apa Yaroslavl, anapeza mmodzi wa m'mabuku, "Lay," ngale ya mabuku a Russia wakale. Dzina la mudzi waukulu uwu pa Volga, anafotokozanso kuti mfundo zambiri mbiri m'miyoyo ya kanjedza ndi miyambo m'dziko lathu: FG Volkov, wotsogolera, wosewera ndi Wolemba wina, Na Nekrasov, wolemba ndakatulo wokondedwa kwa mtima Russian, Ln Trefolev, Democrat ndakatulo AM Opekushin, ziboliboli, lv Sobinova, woimba AI Savrasov, wojambula. Tiyeni tione zinthu zakale kutali dziko lathu, komwe ndi zambiri nthano miyambo wowerengeka azikhala mbiri umboni.

Monga Yaroslavl anatuluka?

Mbiri ya mzinda wa Yaroslavl inayambira kalekale. mzinda akuyamba ku malo wotchedwa lero oponya mivi. The Russian malo mayina Nthawi zambiri mawu. Chotero anaitana yaitali kuluka, Cape pa confluence a mitsinje awiri. Ndi apa, pa confluence kupangidwa mwa mtsinje wa Volga Kotorosl malangizo, komanso pa malaya Kotorosl, amene amayendetsa pamodzi pansi pa chigwa Medveditsk, ndi kuthetsa woyamba wa m'deralo.

Muvi mu zofukulidwa anawapeza limafotokoza m'mudzi Merya, amene akuyamba nkhani ya mzinda wa Yaroslavl. Imodzi mwa nthano za mmene panali mzinda uwu resonates ndi deta zinthu zakale. Njirayi imatchedwa "Nthano ya kumanga mzinda wa Yaroslavl. Mwambo umenewu anabwera kwa ife mu zolemba Samuila Mislavskogo, Bishopu wamkulu wa Rostov.

Iyi ndi nkhani ya mzinda wa Yaroslavl, m'malo prehistory ake. Momwe linakhazikitsidwa, onani pansipa.

Nthano yakale za chimbalangondo

Mbiri ya mzinda wa Yaroslavl chizindikiro lotsatira. Iwo amaonetsera chimbalangondo. Katswiri nkhalango ndi wina wa ochita zikuluzikulu za nthano yakale mmene panali mzinda uno. Mbiri ya mzinda wa Yaroslavl ndi umafananirako kuti nyama zimenezi. Mu "Bakuman ..." Mungathe kuwerenga za kuti pamene, pambuyo kukhazikitsa msonkho anthu a Nyamuliranani ngodya Yaroslav Mudry anabwera kuno ku Rostov, anthu amene kumasulidwa "chilombo wankhanza ndi agalu." Koma kalonga anagonjetsa chirombo. m'deralo anaopa makamu Yaroslava Mudrogo, nagwa pansi pamaso pake Kudzilambatitsa. nkhaniyi ankasangalala kwambiri kumvetsera ana pamene iwo akulalikira za mmene Yaroslavl anatuluka. A mwachidule mbiri ya mzinda ana ayenera monga nthano ino.

Monga amadziwika, m'mayiko ambiri, amene anali ndi mwambo mwa chimbalangondo, panali mtundu wa taboo - lamulo nudzamutcha dzina lake. About Nyamuliranani nthawi anati "wachikulire", "Nyama", "bwana". Kumatikumbutsabe za zodabwitsazi m'madera ena palinso lero, ndithudi, kokha mwa mawonekedwe a miyambo wowerengeka.

M'derali ndi maonekedwe Yaroslavl

Pa Yaroslavschiny zokhudza mwambo wa chinyama ichi tili mu ethnographic chuma, pofukula. Tiyeni kukumbukira mtsinje Nyamuliranani (amene ali kumanzere tributary wa Volga) ndi linga ili apa, unkatchedwa kuti "mudzi mwa chimbalangondo." Horror amagwidwa pa imfa ya wopatulika okhala nyama Nyamuliranani ngodya unalidi waukulu.

M'njira nthano ina kuchita ndi Yaroslava Mudrogo anali ochuluka, zikuoneka, kalelo. Umo ndi momwe makolo athu longoganizira chinachake chimene anayamba mbiri ya mzinda.

Yaroslavl ... Chidule cha nthano mzinda uno, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Yaroslav Wanzeru zakuya, munaupereka kwa makolo ndi ana. Izo kumaonekera chizindikiro wakale wa mzinda, fano oyambirira limene limafotokoza kuti 17 m'ma TH. Prince Yaroslav, kumene sanakhutire ndi chabe kugonjetsa chimbalangondo, chizindikiro cha ufulu wa malo awa. Kuti apeze kufalikira mu waterway zofunika ku Rostov, anakhazikitsa mzinda pa malovu a makono, chokhala mu mawu a makona equilateral. Imeneyo ndiyo mbiri ya maphunziro a mzinda wa Yaroslavl.

Baibulo la pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Yaroslavl

Pamene pali chochitika chidwi? Mwina imodzi mwa nkhani kwambiri maganizo ndi zovuta zimene amalembedwa mbiri ya mzinda wa Yaroslavl. Nthawi zambiri, m'munsi mwa mzinda kugwirizana ndi zochitika za 1024. Yaroslav Mudry, amene anali akulimbirana wosamwerana madzi ndi m'bale wake Mstislav kum'mwera, anakakamizidwa kuti achite ntchito Suzdal. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha zochitika zina chifukwa mzinda wa anakhazikitsidwa.

Palinso gawo lina mawonedwe za mmene kuyamba nkhani ya mzinda wa Yaroslavl. Masulirani mwachidule akamanena ake. Yaroslavl, malinga ndi ofufuza ena, anali kuti linakhazikitsidwa ndi Prince palibe pasanafike 1010. Malinga ndi buku ili, nthano anafotokoza zimene zinachitika mu ngodya Nyamuliranani, ndi nthawi pamene Yaroslav anali kalonga wa Rostov. M'munsi mwa mpanda wolimba pafupi Kotorosl, yodutsira mtsinje, akhoza malinga ndi kulimbitsa mu Rostov dziko la mphamvu kalonga.

Kutchula koyamba za mzinda mbiri ya

Ndi 1071 amaphatikizapo kutchula koyamba m'mbiri ya mzinda monga Yaroslavl. A mwachidule mbiri ya mzinda ana kapena akulu kuyenera kuphatikizapo nkhani yomwe pa magombe a Volga (kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Russia) pa nthawi imeneyi anayamba zipolowe za serfs kutsogoleredwa ndi anzeru. Mu mbiri akhoza kupeza nkhani mwatsatanetsatane mmene anali anthu wamba wamba, amene anatsogolera "Amagi awiri kuchokera Yaroslavl. Kalonga retinue kuletsedwa kupanduka.

Chiyambi cha dzina "Yaroslavl"

Ife tikuona kuti ubwenzi wa mzinda ndi dzina la tate wake, Yaroslava Mudrogo, ndi zoonekeratu. Kenako, chithunzi ichi chinakhala kalonga wamkulu wa Kiev. Ndithu chabe dzina la kukonza. Ngakhale mwana akhoza kuzifotokoza, kutanthauza "Yaroslavl". Nkhani ana a mzindawo (a Chidule cha nkhaniyi kungakhale maziko ake) aziwuzidwa mu chilankhulo chomveka, koma pa nthawi yomweyo zosangalatsa. Popanda kupita kuwunika zinenero, mwana chabe kulengeza kuti "Yaroslavl" amatanthauza "mzinda wa Yaroslav".

mzinda akanadulidwa

Mu mbiri ya 13 m'zaka za mzinda wa Yaroslavl, mwachidule m'nkhaniyi, izo zinali zodzaza ndi chinthu china chofunika. Prince Constantine Vsevolodovich mu 1215 anaika "nyumba" pa malovu - bwalo kalonga, komanso Mpingo wa Mfundo za Virgin, mwala woyamba mpingo. Mu mumzindawo munalinso munthu wa amonke wamkulu mu North-East Russia - Spaso-Preobrazhensky (umatchedwanso chabe Spassky). Yaroslavl poyamba ankaimira, monga ambiri a midzi ina ya Russia wakale, matabwa fufuzani linga. Choncho pa Malovu a mbali wamkulu wa zikanadziwika kwa nthawi yaitali akanadulidwa mzinda.

Tsopano izi dzina lakale ndakatulo akufanana dzina inamangidwa 1695. Church - Nicholas akanadulidwa mzinda, ayi - Mpingo wa St. Nicholas Rubleny. Amakhulupirira ofufuza ena, dzina "akanadulidwa mzinda" munakhala ndi mochedwa chifukwa cha kutsutsidwa zadothi mzinda m'nthawi ya 16. Mu 1463 boma Russian walowa Yaroslavl. Mbiri ya mzinda wa ana, mwachidule sipangakhalenso kukodzedwa powonjezera mfundo zochititsa chidwi ku nkhani ino, sayenera muli mfundo yakale. Wokwanira kuti anapitiriza kukula chuma mzinda ndi kukula kwa malire ake anayamba zitachitika.

Yaroslavl kale m'zaka za m'ma 16, atazungulira townsmen kwambiri akunja chemba ndi mkulu zadothi khoma. Dzina "Dziko City" amachokera ku pano. Apa ife anganene kuli zikufanana ndi Moscow, kumene iye anali mzinda zadothi kalelo. Pakali pano Yaroslavl ndi dera wofiira, chithunzi chimene anapereka m'munsimu.

Likulu la mzinda, n'zochititsa chidwi kuti mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18 anali kukhala m'dera la mzinda minced. Pambuyo pake, panali otchedwa zonse dongosolo la Yaroslavl, lomwe likulu mtima kwambiri Elias Square (anadzatchedwa kenako Soviet).

Mayina a m'misewu

Sangathe amanyalanyaza mfundo imodzi, polongosola mzinda wa Yaroslavl. History, zowoneka izo - onse chidwi kwambiri. Komabe, chimodzimodzi chidwi ndi kwambiri maina kugwirizana ndi malo awa. Monga amadziwika, Yaroslavl - umodzi mwa mizinda yakale kwambiri ya Russia ndi mbiri yaitali, zinthu zachilengedwe. Koma kuyang'ana pa mapu a mzinda lero, ife satsatira zambiri zosangalatsa, mayina akale. Mayina a misewu zotsatirazi :. Chiwukirano, Soviet mkanjira, kazembe Day, Cooperative, sukulu, etc. Komabe, pali mayina kugwirizana ndi mbiri ya mzinda uwu: Mill Lane, City Val Nekrasov, Yamskaya, Suzdal, mbadwa Woyendetsa Sitima Yapamadzi, ndi anthu ena.

dzina Street Trefolev mu Yaroslavl

Tiuzeni mwachidule za msewu womwewo, amene angapezeke ndi kuyendera mzinda wa Yaroslavl, mbiri, zikhomo ndi nthano zomwe ife ali ndi chidwi. Pa mapu a makono ndi msewu Trefolev. Yaroslavl mu dzina moyo imeneyi ndi chikumbukiro cha ndakatulo-demokalase, amene anakhalapo kuno - Ln Trefolev (1843-1905). Iye anali wabwino womasulira, mbiri ndi mkonzi. Ambiri a ndakatulo akhala wowerengeka nyimbo. Mwachitsanzo, "Nyimbo ya Kamarinskaya m'mphawi", "Dubinushka" ndi ena.

Yaroslavl - mzinda, malo Nekrasov

Zolembalemba, ndakatulo Yaroslavl - makamaka Nekrasov. Ndipotu Yaroslavschiny - malo aakulu Russian ndakatulo. Iye anali wokalamba mwana zaka zitatu anabweretsedwa ku mudzi Greshnevo (otchedwa lero Nekrasovo), chuma banja la atate wake, yomwe ili kutali na Yaroslavl. Nekrasov pa zaka 11 analembetsa sukulu ina yapamwamba. Mwanayo mwina kufuna kudziwa kuti ndakatulo chachikulu ichi ankakhala mumzinda wina monga Yaroslavl. Mbiri ya ana mzinda pachifukwa ichi pazikhalanso mwachidule mfundo mbiri ya moyo wake.

Choncho, zaka kenako sanataye kukhudza kwawo. Iye zambiri ankabwera kwa Greshnevo kwa chilimwe, komanso anapeza chuma mu 1861 m'mudzi wa Karabikha. Chuma ichi pachaka pafupifupi 14 zaka anakhalako miyezi ingapo ndipo analemba ntchito zake zabwino. m'dera ili m'mudzi uwu, chikugwirizana ndi zochitika m'mbiri. Kotala wachiwiri kwa zaka za m'ma 15, pankhondo yachiweniweni n'kumene nkhondo kunachitika pakati Vasily Mdima, kalonga wa Moscow, ndi Dmitriem Shemyakoy, kalonga Chigalashiya, ulamuliro waukulu. Mu 1435 asilikali Shemyaka anagonjetsedwa kunkhondo pafupi Karabitovoy phiri (phiri pafupi Karabikha).

zochitika zakale zokhudzana Woyera Chiwalitsiro ansembe yotchedwa

Dzina la mzinda wa Yaroslavl kwa olemba mbiri ya mabuku, komanso aliyense wa anthu Russian, chikugwirizana ndi mfundo ina. Takambapo kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino, kuti Mpulumutsi Chiwalitsiro ansembe yotchedwa ndi limodzi mwa mabuku akale ku Russia. Iye amadziwika kuti ambiri a zochitika za mbiri ya dziko. Mwachitsanzo, pakhala analenga sukulu achipembedzo, woyamba mu North-East la Russia, yomwe inali ndi nyumba yaikulu kwa nthawi, imene inali zikwi inalembedwa. Komanso makoma Spassky ansembe yotchedwa mu 1571 iye anapeza malo ogona yekha Ivan Grozny, pamene asilikali anafika Moscow, Devlet Giray, Crimea Khan. Komanso, mpanda wa agulupa zamanga kupirira m'chaka cha 1609 lolemera 23-day kuzinga pa kulimbana ndi ankhondowo Polish. Mu 1612, July 27, asilikali kutsogoleredwa ndi Minin ndi Pozharsky anachotsa ndi nkhondo ndi mdani mizu Moscow.

Komabe, mmodzi wa mbiri yake makamaka misewu. List "Lay", chipilala chachikulu mabuku Old Russia, iwo likusungidwa mu sacristy wa agulupa lapansi. Werengerani Musin-Pushkin mu 1795 anagula angapo m'mipukutu wapatali Joel Autograph, poyamba Archimandrite. Wokhometsa mwa iwo, ndi mndandanda wa "Mawu ...".

Takambirana kale za laibulale wauzimu sukulu, yomwe ili Spassky obisika. Ndi laibulale, ndi sukulu payokha mu 1214 kunditumiza ku Rostov. chuma chake, mwatsoka kuwotchedwa pa moto mu mzinda. Mwinamwake laibulale zolembedwa "Mawu ...", amene m'nthawi ya 16, anapangidwa mndandanda, kenako anapeza Musin-Pushkin.

AK Savrasov - wina wokhala zotchuka Yaroslavl

A zambiri zoona chidwi ku nkhani yonena za chikhalidwe Russian kugwirizana ndi mzinda wa Yaroslavl. Osati ambiri kudziwa kuti izi ndi pamene AK Savrasov, wojambula kwambiri, kugwira ntchito pa kupenta wake "The Makwangwala Olimbana Kodi Yafika" (komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana zina). Unachitikira mu Yaroslavl, mwakuwoneka, pang'ono ndithu nthawi - miyezi ingapo ya chisanu ndi kasupe wa 1870-1871. Komabe, nthawi iyi ya ntchito chake chakhala kuberekana kwa chithunzicho. Mu Yaroslavl, zinalembedwa ndi zojambula ngati wotchuka ngati "manda wa Volga", "adzasefukira Volga Yaroslavl", "Volga". Izo analengedwa monga zina zachidule ochepa a wotchuka "Makwangwala Olimbana". Munthu woyamba linalembedwa ndi ndiye mzinda wa mzinda, otchedwa Martyr. Vladimir mpingo anatumikira monga likhale ndi mtengo umene Makwangwala Olimbana kukaikira mazira.

Nkhondo ndi Chitata, umene unachitika pa phiri Tugovaya

Gulu kuwukira kuopseza ndi wathunso ndi ukulu wa Yaroslavl. Akhala anayatsa mzindawo, ndi Vsevolod, woyamba Yaroslavl Prince, anaphedwa pa nkhondo pa Mtsinje City, amene anasowa Russian. Koma mzinda sanafooke. anthu ake 1257 anagalukira. Yaroslavl, malinga ndi nthano, anakumana Kotorosl Chitata detachment. Apa, pansi pa utsogoleri wa Prince Constantine pa phiri laling'ono, limene linali pamenepo dzina Tugovaya mapiri, nkhondo kunachitika. Ngakhale kuti anthu am'deralo kumenyana molimba mtima, mphamvu ndi nthawi yasonyeza kukhala wosiyana. Kumanja nkhondo, paphiri Tugovaya, asilikali Russian anakwiriridwa. Popular mphekesera kenako anayamba kugwirizana ndi dzina la phiri nkhondo. Malinga ndi nthano, phiri kwa nthawi yaitali nkhondo akazi anadza ku maliro akufa, "chisoni" kwa iye. Pamaso chabe izi maziko a udindowo.

Koma zinthu izi sangathe zalembedwa. Annals nkhondo ndi Chitata chete, ndipo ulamuliro wa Constantine mu Yaroslavl angathe kuikidwa yekha mwa njira yozungulira.

Yaroslavl zokopa

mzinda modabwitsa Chili akale ndi atsopano, olemera ndi osauka, molapitsa ndi wauzimu. Mu Yaroslavl, mungapeze zosiyanasiyana zokopa. Nthawi zambiri anthu am'deralo sakudziwa nkomwe kuti mzinda wawo ali anthu kapena chuma ena, chifukwa iwo ali kwenikweni kwambiri. Zokopa yaikulu ili pakati. Iwo akhoza kukhala yaitali nkhani. Only embankments wa Kotorosl ndi Volga ofunika! Kuphatikiza mitsinje iyi - malo ankakonda kwa kuyenda alendo ndi anthu am'deralo. Mu Yaroslavl alinso zakale ambiri. Chidwi kwambiri ndi Metropolitan Komiti, pamene zizindikiro za mipingo ndi mchitidwe umenewu mu mzinda. Zojambula za akatswiri Russian zasungidwa m'nyumba ya bwanamkubwa. Ndipo ndithudi, monga ndi aliyense mzinda wakale Russian, pali zambiri mipingo: Mpingo wa Ioanna Predtechi, mpingo Mihaila Arhangela, mpingo Ioanna Zlatousta ndi ena ambiri.

Izi ndi zokhudza mbiri ya mzinda wa Yaroslavl ndi zokonda zake. M'nkhaniyi ine apereka yekha mfundo zazikulu zokhudza ake m'mbuyomu. Nthawiyi, mbiri ya mzinda wa Yaroslavl ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi osokoneza. Phunziro zingakhale nthawi yayitali. Mbiri ya mzinda wa Yaroslavl m'munsi masamba ambiri zinsinsi, imene lero ukugunda asayansi ambiri.