Wotchuka sayansi. Wotchuka sayansi nyukiliya

Kuphunzira malamulo a chilengedwe mwamuna wake chinkhoswe zikwi zingapo zapitazo. Kupanda zida zina zofunika, olamulira ankhanza achipembedzo, kupeza zovuta maphunziro anthu popanda boma chidwi - onse sangathe kuletsa patsogolo ganizo sayansi. sayansi wotchuka padziko lonse adakhoza kuphunzira mmene popereka mauthenga pa mtunda wautali, kupeza magetsi, ndi zambiri. Mayina a zinthu zofunika kwambiri nkhani chiyani? Tikungotchula wa akatswiri ambiri otchuka.

Albert Einstein

Wasayansi tsogolo anabadwa mu March 1879 mu mzinda wa Ulm, mu Germany. Albert makolo ankakhala Swabia, patapita zaka mazana angapo, ndipo iye mpaka masiku angapo apitawa unasunga chikumbukiro cholowa chawo - anati ndi kukhudza kwa ka kum'mwera German. Ophunzira mu sukulu Folk ndiyeno sekondale, komwe kuyambira pachiyambi adalipo sayansi zachilengedwe ndi masayansi. Ndi zaka 16 iye anali katswiri zonse chofunika kwa chikuonetseratu ku yunivesite, koma sanali kulimbana ndi mayeso mu chinenero. Komabe, posakhalitsa anadzakhala wophunzira wa University Polytechnic mu Zurich. Aphunzitsi ake anali a sayansi wotchuka ndi masamu ya nthawi, mwachitsanzo, Hermann Minkowski, amene m'tsogolo adzabwera ndi chilinganizo wangwiro mawu a chiphunzitso cha relativity. Nthawi zambiri, Einstein anakhala mu labu, kapena kuwerenga ntchito za Maxwell, Kirchhoff ndi akatswiri ena kutsogolera m'munda. Ataphunzira nthawi zina Albert anali mphunzitsi ndipo anadzakhala luso Katswiri setifiketi ofesi zaka limene anafalitsa zambiri za ntchito yake yotchuka, alemekeze Iye kwa dziko. Iye anasintha mmene anthu kuganizira za danga anali chilinganizo chimene akutembenukira misa mu mawonekedwe a mphamvu ndipo kwambiri kuphunzira sayansi maselo. kupambana posakhalitsa kupereka ya Nobel Prize, ndi wasayansi anasamukira ku US, komwe anagwirako ntchito mpaka imfa yake.

Nikola Tesla

Izi anayambitsa Austria-Hungary, mwina wasayansi wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko. Eccentric khalidwe ndiponso zimene chosintha anamuika wotchuka anauzira olemba ndi opanga ntchito fano lake pa ntchito yake. Iye anabadwa mu July 1856, ndi ku m'badwo woyambirira, komanso zina zambiri sayansi odziwika bwino, anayamba kuwonetsa chizolowezi ncholinga sayansi. Kwa zaka zambiri, anapeza chodabwitsa alternating panopa, kuwala fulorosenti ndi kulanda mphamvu popanda mawaya, zachitika ndi mphamvu ya kutali ndi njira zochepetsera mantha, anapanga mawotchi magetsi, injini dzuwa, ndi ena ambiri zipangizo wapadera, amene analandira eni luso oposa mazana atatu. Komanso, amakhulupirira kuti wailesi kupangidwa kudziwika sayansi Popov ndi Marconi, koma woyamba anali akadali Tesla. Modern mphamvu ya magetsi ndi chokhazikika pa zimene anachita munthu ndi kutulukira. Mmodzi wa zatsopano chidwi kwambiri pa Nikola anali kulanda kuti panopa makilomita makumi asanu. Iye anatha kuyatsa angapo zana mababu kuwala popanda mawaya, kumanga nsanja yaikulu imene anaulukira mphezi ndi bingu anamveka lonse oyandikana nawo. Zochititsa chidwi ndi yowopsa ankapitabe anakhala chizindikiro. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, filimu nthawi zambiri anasonyeza mwa chochitika ichi.

Isaak Nyuton

Ambiri a sayansi odziwika athandiza kwambiri, koma Newton anali ngati mpainiya. malamulo ake chifukwa cha malingaliro ambiri masiku ano, pa nthawi ya anatulukira pofuna moona chosintha. Malo wotchuka England mu 1643. Kuyambira ali mwana anali ndi chidwi sayansi zaka analemba mabuku bwino masamu, sayansi ndi Optics. Choyamba anatha kupanga malamulo zoyambirira za chilengedwe zomwe iye zimadalira ntchito chi. Nzosadabwitsa kuti Isaak Nyuton pasukulu ku Royal Society of London, ndipo wakhala nthawi zina, ndi pulezidenti ake.

Lev Landau

Monga ena ambiri sayansi odziwika bwino, Landau momveka bwino kwambiri unaonekera mu dera ongolankhula. Lodziwika bwino Soviet wasayansi anabadwa mu January 1908, ku banja la injiniya ndi dokotala. Iye kwakukuru ku sekondale ndipo ndinalembetsa Baku yunivesite, komwe anayamba kuphunzira sayansi zimapangidwira. Kwa zaka naintini kale lofalitsidwa mapepala kafukufuku anayi. pantchito yabwino wakhala zoyenera kuphunzira limati kwadzidzidzi ndi osalimba mawerengetsedwe, ndi electrodynamics. Landau zikayenda akhala kupereka ya Nobel Prize, kuwonjezera, wasayansi Soviet analandira angapo Stalin Prize, Hero wa Socialist Labor, anali membala aulemu wa Royal Society of London ndi chiwerengero cha maphunziro ena akunja Sciences. Iye anathandizana ndi Heisenberg, Pauli ndi Bohr. Last mukopedwe Landau ndi pacimake - maganizo ake anaonekera mu ziphunzitso pa katundu maginito ya ma elekitironi ufulu.

Dzheyms Maksvell

Kupanga mndandanda, zimene zimaphatikizapo sayansi wotchuka wa dziko, osanenapo dzina. Dzheyms Klerk Maksvell anali wasayansi wa ku Britain amene anayamba electrodynamics zachikhalidwe. Iye anabadwa mu June 1831, ndi kale ndi TH 1860 membala wa Royal Society. Maxwell analenga dziko loyamba sayansi zasayansi ndi zipangizo akatswiri. Kumeneko iye anaphunzira magetsi, chiphunzitso kayendedwe mpweya, Optics, elasticity ndi nkhani zina. Iye oyamba anatha kulenga chipangizo cha muyeso kachulukidwe wa mtundu, kenako anaitana Maxwell litayamba. Mu chiphunzitso chake, iye analemba mfundo zonse odziwika electrodynamics ndipo anayambitsa mfundo kusamutsidwa panopa, zomwe amapanga maginito. Maxwell anasonyeza malamulo onse maikwezhoni anayi. kusanthula awo amalola kusonyeza malamulo, amene anali sankadziwika.

Igor Kurchatov

A sayansi odziwika nyukiliya Soviet Union komanso woyeneradi kuzitchula. Igor Kurchatov chakula Crimea, pali maphunziro a sekondale ndi yunivesite. Kuyambira 1924 anayamba ntchito yothandiza a Dipatimenti ya Physics la Azerbaijan Polytechnic Institute, ndipo patatha chaka iye anali ganyu Leningrad. Kuti kuphunzira bwino dielectrics anali kupereka ndi digiri maphunziro a dokotala. Motsogozedwa wake, kale mu 1939 yemwe amatengedwa mu ntchito cyclotron. Igor Kurchatov anatsogolera ntchito pa zochita nyukiliya ndi kutsogolera Soviet atomiki ntchito. woyamba nyukiliya magetsi linatsegulidwa pansi pa iye. Kurchatov atalenga Soviet atomiki ndi wa hydrogen mabomba. Chifukwa cha kuphunzira ake analandira mphoto zingapo boma mendulo.