Planet Jupiter: mphete, makina, kapangidwe ndi chidwi mfundo

Ngakhale kuti masiku ano anthu waphunzira kuyang'ana kwambiri mu mlengalenga, akuyesera kuti apeze moyo m'bulu kutali nyenyezi mu dongosolo zathu dzuwa amakhalabe pang'ono yodziwika malo. Mmodzi za mumlengalenga kwambiri wosamvetsetseka maso athu amaona kuti Jupiter. Mphete, ndi nthambi, malo - zonsezi ali dzikoli chachikulu, chimene palibe kafukufuku umodzi Kanema unayambitsidwa.

zambiri

Jupiter ili ku malo wachisanu ndi dzuwa ndi likuzungulira anayatsa kanjira pakati pa Mars ndi Saturn. Sikunapite pachabe, dzikoli imatengedwa lalikulu kwambiri mu dongosolo lathu - buku ake angafanane ndi kukula 1300 a "mipira" monga Earth. Kukopeka pa Jupiter ndi kawiri ndi theka kuposa nthawi zonse ife. Choncho, munthu akulemera makilogalamu 100, pamene kusamukira Jupiter amaona chiwerengero pamlingo 250. Kunenepa chomwecho pulaneti kukula kwa nthawi Earth 317. Komanso, kulemera kwa kawiri ndi theka okwana kulemera kwa mapulaneti ena onse wathu dongosolo dzuwa.

Dzina la dziko anali kalelo - izo dzina lake polemekeza mkulu mulungu Roma.

Ngakhale imathamangira kukula, Jupiter (mphete sizikutikhudza yapadera - ali mapulaneti ambiri) ndi dziko yachangu a dongosolo la zowalitsa. A zisinthe wathunthu padziko nguli amatenga maola 10. liwiro Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kutentha amphamvu ndi maginito dzikoli. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuti amalize kasinthasintha padziko lonse, chimphona amatenga 12 Earth zaka.

Jupiter kwa zaka zambiri ankaona mpweya chimphona, koma osati kale litali, asayansi apeza kuti si anapeka kwathunthu wa hydrogen ndi helium - ndi mbali ya mpweya okha lathuli. The Jupiter chomwecho imakhala pakati madzi zitsulo TACHIMATA ndi wosanjikiza yaikulu a haidrojini zachitsulo. Limafotokoza nyanja a haidrojini madzi. kuti pa zithunzi zikuwoneka chimphona pamwamba, kwenikweni basi pamwamba pa mitambo. Bright mawanga - ndi mitambo la ammonia, mdima - a hydrosulfide ammonium.

mphete

Kupezeka kwa mphete anapeza mu 1979 ndi zouluka pafupi dzikoli, "Voyager 1". Pa nthawi chinali zigawo zitatu zomwe zimapanga chodabwitsa zachilengedwezi. Mphete a Jupiter ndi Saturn, ndi ofanana m'njira zambiri, ngakhale, ndipo amasiyana zazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, zigawo ozungulira chimphona ali mulibe particles ayezi. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti chinthu chofunika kwambiri mphete anapanga ndi kugunda kwa dziko ndi makina meteorites. Poyamba ankaganiza kuti mphete atatu okha, koma kuzipenya posachedwapa zachititsa kuti mapeto za kukhalako kwa wina, poyamba padera, mphete, wapafupi kwambiri padziko lapansili.

makina

Dziko Jupiter, mphete umene unagunda asayansi, ali mbali chodabwitsa: nambala yaikulu nthambi. Okwana panopa analipo mayunitsi 63. Komabe, ambiri a iwo ndi kukula ochepa - makilomita zosakwana 10 awiri. Akakamiza asayansi kukhulupirira kuti pali komabe nthambi zonse poyera. Pali malingaliro amene Ndipotu iwo akhoza kukhala oposa zana. Ndi lalikulu allocated okwana anayi: Ganymede, Io, Callisto ndi Europa - iwo anapeza ndi Galileo Galilei. Yaikulu - Ganymede - mpaka 5262 Km awiri - lalikulu kuposa Mercury. Kanema aphimbidwa kwathunthu ndi ayezi kutumphuka, kutembenuka chimphona iye wachita mu masiku 7 lomaliza. Io ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zambiri zachinsinsi - pa Kanema mosalekeza anakalipa mapiri, pali chiphalaphala nyanja. Pa muli mapiri mpaka 16 Km mkulu. Io ndi oyandikira Jupiter kuposa mwezi yathu Earth, amenenso chinsinsi chachikulu kwa asayansi.

banga

Back mu 1665 Jupiter, mphete zomwe sizinachitike azindikira kudabwa akungokuonani zachilendo malo aakulu pamwamba pake. Zinali ngati pa anticyclone lalikulu - zaka zana zapitazo zinali kutalika kwa makilomita oposa 40 zikwi .. Masiku ano, nambala uyu halved. Mu mlalang'amba wathu, mphepo yamkuntho izi imatengedwa wamkulu nyengo chodabwitsa. Pamwamba pake moti ankatha mapulaneti atatu ofanana ndi athu. Mphepo Yamkuntho imazungulira pa liwilo - 435 Km / h, si malangizo kumachitika nthawi zina zonse.

kuyang'anira

Ngati pali awiri wabwino wa zoyang'anira ndi zakutali ku nyenyezi, Jupiter ndi zovuta kupeza. Alire izo, ndithudi, kuona ndi zosatheka, koma chimbale woyera wa dziko ndi makina ake ngakhale kuwona ndithu weniweni. Kuwala ndi chinthu chachitatu mu mlengalenga - pambuyo Moon ndi Venus. Ngakhale yowala nyenyezi Sirius sizingafanane pamaso pa ulemerero wa dziko chiphona.

maginito

Kodi mphete ambiri a Jupiter, si chidwi kwambiri mfundo. Komanso, mphamvu zodabwitsa za mphamvu ya maginito a dziko. Izi ndi yayikulu kwambiri Way wathu. munda Jupiter ndi maginito kuposa ya nthawi Earth 14. Tonga zakuthambo kukhulupirira kuti mphamvu zimatheka chifukwa cha kayendedwe zonse wa hydrogen zachitsulo m'katikati lathuli. Zimenezi zimathandiza Jupiter kuti amazipanga amphamvu gwero la cheza angathe, ngati siziononga, chifukwa zinawonongeka kwambiri kuti Kanema aliyense yemwe anatumizidwa ku Earth. Komabe, osati cheza angathe kuwononga thupi aliyense yokumba, koma mphete padziko Jupiter zikhoza kuvutitsa kwambiri thupi la zinthu zimenezi.

The maginito kugwirizana ndi mphepo dzuwa, kupanga magnetosphere. Waukulu mantha yoweyula ndi kuchotsedwa 70 chimphona radii. Malinga mphepo, mafunde kungakhale pa mtunda wa 100 radii. Magnetopause pafupifupi pa mtunda wa 50 radii. Mkati mwa particles ndi munda maginito imazungulira pamodzi ndi dziko.

phunziro

Jupiter, mphete za amene anapeza osati kalekale, asayansi kwambiri chidwi. Ilili yoyamba, amene anatumizidwa kufufuza dzikoli, anakhala "Mpainiya 10". Eyiti makina ankagwira nthawi imeneyi kuphunzira chiphonacho. Mu 2011, iye anayamba kuchokera Lapansi, "Juno," lomwe, titafika pamalo kumapeto kwa 2016 ayenera kuthandiza asayansi kumasulira ena zinsinsi za dziko lalikulu kwambiri dongosolo la zowalitsa.

Kuphunzira mapulaneti ena, akatswiri chiyembekezo anapeza moyo. Mwina kafungo izo. Chirichonse chimene chikuwonetsa kuti sitili tokha m'chilengedwe chonse. Koma n'zokayikitsa chimphona dziko mu dongosolo zathu nyenyezi zingatiphunzitse anadabwa. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti moyo Jupiter kuli kovuta chifukwa otsika nthunzi ya madzi okhutitsidwa zikuchokera dziko ndi mozungulira icho. Mu zaka 70 wakhala amasonyeza chiyambi zotheka moyo m'mwamba, koma kutsimikizira kuti zimenezi illusive anali sanapeze. otsika kwambiri Mwina kuli moyo madzi ndi mpweya, chifukwa mitambo muli pang'ono madzi.