Angiosperms - zomera Dipatimenti. makhalidwe General ndi kufunika

Lembani angiosperms onse, mwina, izo sangathe. Inde, dzina mitundu ofunikira kwambiri chilengedwe ndi moyo wa munthu kudzakhala kovuta. Ndipotu, zomera akhala unadzakhalanso wofunika zothandiza, ndi owayimilira amadziwika monga edible, luso, yokongola ndi mbewu forage. Kodi zizindikiro wakhala Pokrytosemennye dipatimenti? makhalidwe General ndi kufunika kwa zomera zimenezi m'nkhani yathu. Tiyeni tiyambepo.

dipatimenti Angiosperms: Biology

zomera zonse mbewu ndi zingapo zochititsa structural kuti kupanga chigamulo chake pa dziko lapansi. Onse a iwo anaonekera mu zamoyo wa zamoyo chifukwa cha anatengera kwa kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Dipatimenti ya Angiosperms, malinga taxonomy, ali oposa mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu zikwi zikwi a mitundu mu nthawi anapatsidwa. Ngakhale akapolo anzawo akale - Gymnosperms dipatimenti - isanu ndi itatu yokha.

mbali yofunika kwambiri ya dipatimenti angiosperms:

- pamaso pa maluwa;

- mapangidwe mwana wosabadwayo;

- Kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo mkati nyongolosi mbewu;

- awiri umuna;

- pamaso pa mbewu wazunguliridwa ndi pericarp wa.

Masomphenya zinthu zonsezi ndi kudziwa ubwino, chifukwa chimene oimira Dipatimenti ya Angiosperms ankatha kudutsa dziko, popeza katswiri zikhalidwe za mabacteria osiyana nyengo malamba.

Gymnosperms ndi angiosperms: kufanana ndi kusiyana

Koma ku ndizosowa. zomera zonse mbewu amaphatikizidwa mu zigawo ziwiri: Golo - ndi angiosperms. Mapepala okhala ndi woyamba gulu taxonomic makamaka ankaimira Softwoods kalasi. Awa ndi zomera ndi predominance a zake moyo mawonekedwe, ndi dongosolo wapampopi mizu. Tsamba ukufanizidwa ndi masamba woonda - singano. Chifukwa iwo ndi kukhalapo kwa ducts utomoni, amene kupewa kwambiri evaporation ndondomeko, zomera kukhala yobiriwira mu nyengo. Koma mbali yaikulu ya khadi iyi ndi kupanda maluwa, motero zipatso. Mbeu iwo zili pa phirilo mamba lotseguka, iwo kutetezedwa ndi chilichonse. Choncho, n'zotheka kuti iwo kumera, osati kwambiri, chifukwa zakudya si zokwanira.

Angiosperms dipatimenti Chili zomera zomwe maluwa aumbike, ndipo mogwirizana ndi zipatso. Mkati izi zobereka mbewu limba ndiotetezedwa ku zovuta zilizonse chokhwima kwa chilengedwe, kutenthetsa ndi kupatsidwa yobweretsa zofunika zakudya.

ubwino

Angiosperms - dipatimenti zomera apamwamba, omwe kuphatikiza lolozeka. Kuwonjezera kuteteza mbewu komanso chilengedwe cha zinthu yabwino kwa kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo kuti iwo ataima zikuphatikizapo anatengera mbewu kufalikira. Mwachitsanzo, zipatso mapulo ndi masamba wapadera kudzera zomwe mosavuta adatengedwa ndi mphepo. A boll poppy yokha osokoneza akakhwima, kufalitsa mbewu. mitengo chokoma zipatso kufalitsa nyama kuti adye iwo, ndipo excrete chakudya undigested amakhalabe chapatali. Gymnosperms mulibe zipatso. Iwo ndiwo mbeu cones, amene sali pa zipatso zonse. Izi kusinthidwa mphukira, ogwira ntchito m'malo mwa mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa mbewu. No katundu wofunikila embryonic chitukuko cha zinthu kapena zipangizo mbewu kufalitsa ndi resettlement sali zomera.

Features gulu

Angiosperms dipatimenti kuphatikiza magulu awiri. Mbali yaikulu ya magawano - chiwerengero cha cotyledons mu Ndisanaumbidwe mbewu. Chigawo angiosperms Banja - wosakwatira ndi Dicotyledonous - ndi makhalidwe ena.

Dipatimenti ya Angiosperms: onse khalidwe la monocots

Dipatimenti ya angiosperms, Monocotyledons kalasi zambiri kuposa 600,000 mitundu. zamoyo, zomwe anapereka makamaka udzu. Koma Muzu imodzi Ndisanaumbidwe mbewu kwa anthu a kalasi yodziwika ndi dongosolo fibrous mizu, kupezeka kwa masamba mophweka ndi kufanana ndi kawirikawiri - ndi Arc kapena tsa-mtundu venation. Cambium - kumbali nsalu maphunziro a tsinde, mu monocots zomera akusowa. Chifukwa cha ichi, iwo alibe kupanga makungwa wamphamvu. monocots kalasi zikuphatikizapo mayunitsi angapo ang'onoang'ono mwadongosolo - mabanja.

Banja la dzinthu

Mbali khalidwe la dzinthu onse ali pamaso pa tsinde dzenje. Njirayi imatchedwa culm. Anapanga tsinde chifukwa chakuti nsalu maphunziro ili pa mfundo ya. Oimira m'banja tirigu, rye, balere, chimanga, udzu tirigu ndi mbewu zina. Mbali ina ya zakudya zachimanga ndi zachilendo maluwa, amene n'kukhala ndi mamba corolla. chiwerengero cha stamens zimasiyanasiyana zitatu mpaka sikisi, zina zambiri. maluwa amenewa zachilendo kwambiri pamodzi inflorescence - panicle zovuta kapena khutu. N'kuwasanganiza popangidwa ndi carpels awiri. Sessile masamba mbewu monga chimanga popanda tsinde, ndi kufanana venation zigwirizana zigawo zitatu: nyini, ndi mbale lilime mwachindunji.

dzinthu zonse zili zofunika kwambiri mbewu chakudya. Ambiri a iwo ntchito yopanga mbewu monga chimanga, ufa, kuphika zosiyanasiyana mkate. Mmodzi wa akuluakulu a dzinthu ndi nzimbe ndi.

Anyezi ndi banja Liliaceae

Mbali khalidwe la anthu a m'banja ndi usonyeza kusinthidwa mobisa kuthawa - mababu. Kuti lili kotunga zakudya, chifukwa zomera izi kupulumuka mu nthawi zovuta. Chestnokov ndi wamitundumitundu zikusonyeza oimira banja. Koma zomera kakombo komanso kupanga mababu, rhizomes zina. Tulip, prolesok, huwakinto, Kakombo wa Mchigwa, gagea, fritillary .. zomera Awa ndi chizindikiro cha masika. Pamaso pa isanayambike nyengo ya chilimwe ndi nthawi kukula ndi ottsvesti. Ndiye gawo lawo aboveground akamwalira, koma babu pansi akhala yotheka mu nthawi yonse ya kukhalapo kwa akuluakulu a banja Liliaceae.

Maphunziro Dicotyledons: mbali khalidwe

Tipitirize kuona Pokrytosemennye dipatimenti, amene makalasi zimadziwika bwino. Mwa njira, Dicotyledonous ndi waukulu wa iwo. Ali cotyledons awiri Ndisanaumbidwe mbewu, wapampopi mizu, yosavuta kapena pawiri masamba ndi pinnate, palmate kapena Arc venation. The cambium tsinde dicotyledonous inali - maphunziro nsalu mbali. Ndi udindo wotere pa kukula kwawo ku makulidwe. Choncho, kwa zomera yodziwika ndi zamoyo, zitsamba, zitsamba ndi mitengo. Banja, amene ali a m'gulu limeneli ndi ambiri. Choncho, tiona okha ena a iwo.

banja Rosaceae

Ichi ndi mochuluka monga zikwi zitatu mitundu ya mbewu zipatso. Apulo, peyala, apurikoti, maula, quince, chitumbuwa, pichesi - ndi ena chabe mwa oimira banja Rosaceae. Ndi wosavuta kusiyanitsa zina mwa zizindikiro zawo khalidwe: zisanu ziwalo maluwa ndi zambiri stamens ndi perianth awiri. Inflorescence - burashi kapena mbale. Ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya zipatso ndi drupe ndi apulo. zikhalidwe izi munthu amagwiritsa chakudya ndipo umatetezera, chifukwa iwo ali ndi kukoma wapatali.

leguminous

Limeneli liyenera mwadongosolo ali dzina lina - gulugufe. zomera ndi chifukwa maluwa matabwa ake, amene pamakhala mosiyanasiyana osiyana ndi amafanana gulugufe ndi mapiko apangidwe. Koma choyamba iwo ndi dzina lawo mtundu wa zipatso - nyemba. Ndi youma ndi kuwulula kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke awiri msoko lapansi. Pa aliyense wa iwo mbewu ili. Banja ndi mankhwala, mafuta, chakudya, chakudya ndi zomera yokongola. owayimilira lililonse ndi soya, nandolo, nyemba, clover, licorice, mthethe, mtedza ndi mbewu zina.

solanaceous

Zikhalidwe odziwika bwino, kuimira banja la Solanaceae, ena kuposa zomera za dzina yomweyo mbatata, tomato, mabilinganya, tsabola ndi fodya. maluwa awo ndi zisanu ziwalo, koma sepals ndi pamakhala ali zinaphatikizidwa, mitundu ya zipatso ndi mabulosi kapena kapisozi. Chofunika kwambiri chuma zimenezi ndi masamba ndi mbewu mafakitale, monga fodya ndi fodya. Koma nightshade datura, henbane ndipo ndi belladonna ndi zomera chakupha zomwe zingachititse poizoni choopsa cha thupi.

kabichi banja

Izi wagawo mwadongosolo, wotchedwa njira iyi ndi woimira kwambiri lililonse imatchedwanso cruciferous. Chinthu ndi duwa ali pamakhala anayi, anakonza moyang'anana. Kunja, izo akufanana mawonekedwe a mtanda. Kuwonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi ndi monga relis, mpiru, radish, horseradish, mpiru ndi rapeseed.

Mtengo wa angiosperms mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu

Dipatimenti ya maluwa (angiosperms) chomera kwenikweni ndi mbali ya pafupifupi onse Madera, ulalo wa mu unyolo chakudya, chifukwa cha nkhani wobiriwira organic.

Mwa mbewu chakudya chofunika kwenikweni banja mbewu monga chimanga, nyemba, Rosaceae, Cruciferous. Ambiri a zomera ntchito yopanga medicaments. Izi licorice, marshmallow, valerian, tansy, liziwawa St. John, celandine. Zipatso za zomera maluwa wolemera mu mavitamini, makamaka C. sitiroberi Izi, mabulosi abulu, kiranberi, duwa zakutchire, garlic ndi anyezi.

Palibe malo chikhalidwe sikutheka kulingalira popanda yokongola zomera maluwa, imene ambiri maluwa, daffodils, dahlias, asters, petunias, daisies, maluwa, tulips, ndi ena.

mbewu zambiri uchi. maluwa ndi fungo lokoma ndi timadzi tokoma lokoma kuti amakopeka mungu tizilombo. Mwa zomera angatchedwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtengo wa mthethe, laimu, buckwheat.

Koma ndi mwamuna maluwa adakali ndi kumenya nkhondo. Iwo pestiferous namsongole: tirigu udzu, Kinoya, kubzala nthula, udzu khola ndi ena. Palinso mitundu chakupha. Choncho, pamene ntchito molakwa, celandine zingachititse omangana kwambiri ndi wogulitsa zozunguza ubongo - kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, kusowa kulamulira chikumbumtima ndipo ndi kuona zilubwelubwe.

Features dipatimenti Pokrytosemennye umboni ndi msinkhu wawo mkulu wa bungwe kuti awalole kutenga udindo waukulu mu dongosolo mbewu dziko.