Kufanizitsa za ndale: mitundu ndi makhalidwe chachikulu

Kufanizitsa za ndale limachititsa kumvetsetsa ntchito pa moyo wawo onse ndi ndale ambiri.

Mu sayansi yamakono andale ambiri kugawikana pa maziko a kalasi ndi maziko chikhalidwe. Malinga ndi muyezo izi ndi izi masewera:

1. Maphunziro. Limati ambiri, pali anthu zipani zomwe amalimbikitsa zofuna za kalasi kapena stratum wa anthu.

2. Iwo amene amaimira makalasi angapo kapena magulu chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu Denmark osafuna kusintha populist ochirikiza amafuna likulu mafakitale ndi chuma, komanso zofuna za landlords ndi otchuka.

3. Party wa strata makamaka anthu kapena magulu.

Modern kufanizitsa za ndale anayamba cha m'ma 20, katswiri wina wandale ku France Morisom Dyuverzhe. Iye ananena kuti otchedwa bayinare gulu zimafunika ku maphwando anthu ndi misa. Maziko mfundo imeneyi nsinga mawonekedwe pakati pa anthu ndi chipani, komanso dongosolo mkati.

Kuwonjezera izi, pali classifications angapo, amene Masiku ano anthu ambiri. Choncho, mwa iwo ndi izi:

1. kufanizitsa za ndale pa lathu ndi maganizo, malinga ndi zomwe gulu ili kumanja, kumanzere ndi centrist.

2. Pasakhale kusiyana malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha ntchito, komanso zili zolinga. Pali mitundu anayi maphwando: chosintha, ndiwofatsa, reactionary ndi zinthu zisinthe.

3. zosiyanasiyana pamalo mu chikhalidwe: ulamuliro ndiponso kutsutsidwa.

4. Mitundu maphwando pansi pa mawu a ntchito: malamulo, theka malamulo ndi oletsedwa.

Palinso zilekanitse authoritarian ndi demokalase yolembedwa ndi achipembedzo, etc.

Pa nthawi ina, Katswiri American zachitika ndi gulu la zipani, amenenso litavomereza lonse. Iye anawafotokozera iwo malinga ndi muyezo zinchito ndi gulu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mitundu ya ndale akhala allocated motere:

1. a mtundu avant-garde amene anaima pa chitukuko cha kayendedwe ntchito. ofufuza Political amakhulupirira kuti ngati mtundu uwu kukwaniritsa mphamvu, mwamsanga akum'kakamiza kuti chikoka cha bureaucracy ndi kukhala mbali ya dziko la ntchitoyi.

2. zisankho wa chipanichi. Cholinga chawo - chisankho yokopa. Monga ulamuliro, magulu awa umembala si lokhazikika, ndipo osati chikalata makadi umembala ndi si mlandu chindapusa. ndalama zochokera zopereka zaufulu wa anthu, malonda, ndi mabungwe onse, komanso azimayi ku bajeti boma.

3. Parliamentary Party. Ngati tikambirana magwiridwe ndi yofanana ndi kuti chipani. Koma ntchito yawo zambiri zosiyanasiyana ndi kuphimba limagwirira cha zochita aphungu: chitukuko cha mfundo za khalidwe la msonkhano chisankho, maganizo a anthu, limene limafotokoza muyezo wa amoyo ndi muzochitika zosiyanasiyana, komanso kusankha ofuna yoyenera ndiponso kukonzekera kwawo kwa mtundu wa kusankha.

4. Magawo-dera (ndodo). Iwo mabungwe misa yomwe pogwirizanitsa nzika ndi zofuna ambiri chikhalidwe ndi maganizo, kenako ndi zokonda zofanana ndale.

5. "m'thumba" wa chipanichi. Iwo ndi ochepa anthu ake. Kulenga atsogoleri zosakwanira ndi oyendetsa nawo pa mwambowu awo kuti kuzindikira zolinga zadyera ndipo akufuna akhazikitse. Atsogoleri a zipani okha kudziwa njira yake kanthu ndipo anasangalala chikoka malire.

Onani kuti aliyense kufanizitsa anapereka za ndale si amapatula ena, ndipo pali milandu osakaniza awo, limakhala maziko kwambiri kwa kusanthula ntchito zawo.