Kodi chisankho mu Germany?

Germany - European demokalase boma ndi dongosolo kuipidwa ndale. Solutions mu dziko angathe kumwedwa pa milingo boma komanso madera, omwe ali ake wamkulu yekha, milandu ndi nthambi malamulo. Kodi chisankho mu Germany? Izi ndi zimene tikuphunzira pa.

The Republic of Germany Federal

dziko ili kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Ake m'malire North Sea ndi Nyanja Baltic, ndipo wazunguliridwa ndi Denmark, Czech Republic, Poland, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands ndi France. Germany ndi dziko olemera ndi chuma amphamvu ndi mkulu khalidwe la moyo.

Iyi ndi mbali ya angapo mabungwe dziko monga Union ku Ulaya, NATO, ndi "Big Eyiti". Dziko lili ndi anthu 82 miliyoni. chinenero - German. Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri ndi Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne, Munich, Bremen, Dusseldorf.

Mtundu likulu - Berlin Komabe, mabungwe ambiri boma ndi mautumiki zili Bonn. Germany ndi demokalase, malamulo, boma chikhalidwe, boma limene limanenedwa ngati lipabliki aphungu.

German poyela kwa nyumba yamalamulo, nduna, Chancellor ndi mutsogoleli wa kusala kudya ndi osiyana. Thupi yekha kuti amasankhidwa ndi mwachindunji otchuka voti, ndi yamalamulo. Otsala a matupi ndi maudindo amasankhidwa ndi anthu udindo.

Germany: chisankho cha Pulezidenti

Pulezidenti ndi mutu wa boma. Kwa nthawi yoyamba positi anabwera mu 1949. Mu February 2017 iye anasankhidwa kukhala positi, Frank-Walter Steinmeier. nyumba yake boma lili Berlin ndi Bonn. Chisankho cha Pulezident unachitikira ku Germany pa zaka zisanu ndi kuthekera kwa wina kukonzanso chisankho. Munthu wina chimangolowa positi kawiri.

Mutu ntchito ndi kuimira dziko pa dziko lonse, ndi kulengeza kusaina chilamulo, movomerezedwa ndi malo antchito boma Ofisala, ndi oweruza, komanso nomination kwa malo Chancellor.

Pofuna kugwira chisankho mu Germany, anapanga thupi wapadera - Assembly Federal. Amakhala ndi ofanana chiwerengero cha a phungu ndi anthu ochokera nyumba zamalamulo dera. Mtsogoleri wosankhidwa phungu omwe amalandira mavoti ambiri. Chigamulo adzalowa mu mphamvu pa kutenga lumbiro.

chisankho cha Chancellor ndi

Chapakati wamkulu mphamvu ndi boma. mutu wake ndi Federal Chancellor. Anaika pa mapewa yake yaikulu udindo kasamalidwe ka boma, nchifukwa chake mawonekedwe a ulamuliro wa dziko mChipangano Chancellor demokalase. Amaona panjira imene Germany kuyenera.

Chancellor chisankho amanyamula Bundestag (feduro yamalamulo). mphamvu zake kwa zaka 4. Iwo akhoza kutha msanga pambuyo zaphindu voti opanda chikhulupiriro, kuti, pamene ambiri a amphungu a nyumba yamalamulo kuzindikira kusagwirizana ndi mfundo Chancellor.

Mtsogoleri wa boma akhoza kupanga nduna, kuti kudziwa chiwerengero cha mipando ake ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu othandiza. Maganizo chifukwa kuchotsedwa awo kapena kusankhidwa poyamba anagonjera Pulezidenti. Kuyambira 2005 malo Chancellor ndi Angela Merkel.

Bundestag

Apamwamba unicameral aphungu - ndi Bundestag, kapena yamalamulo feduro. chisankho Parliamentary unachitikira ku Germany pa zaka zinayi. Iwo umakulamulira ntchito za boma uli, ndipo akugwiritsa ntchito malamulo, anasankha Chancellor. The matupi aphungu monga (Pulezidenti ndi ziwanga wake), Bungwe la akulu, makomiti magulu, utsogoleli ndi apolisi ya Bundestag.

chisankho German ikuchitikira pa dongosolo losanganikirana. Theka ziwanga osankhidwa ndi chinsinsi mwachindunji voti, mbali ina zikuchitika pa mndandanda wa m'dziko lawo. Onse magawo awa akukhudzana mzake. Voti woyamba amapereka malangizo zikuchokera tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, wachiwiri - Mzimuyo kapangidwe mphamvu chipani.

Yamalamulo amaimira maphwando amene achita maperesenti oposa 5 voti kapena anapambana atatu siyana osakwatiwa-lamulo. Chiwerengero cha mipando ndi mipando 631 kwa gulu lililonse unachitikira masamu ndi njira St. Lagyu, malinga ndi chiwerengero cha mavoti analandira mu chisankho.

The Bundesrat

Federated udindo wa dziko ananena kuti zosankha zofunika zinandipangitsa m'magawo awiri: national (chitaganya) ndi dera. Dera la Germany linagawidwa limati 16. Pankhaniyi, Hamburg, Berlin ndi Bremen ndi mzinda-mayiko. Aliyense ali yamalamulo mwini wake, yemwe ndi mphamvu milandu.

zigawo chidwi mu yamalamulo chapakati, a Bundesrat limaimira. Nthawi zina amatchedwa nyumba chapamwamba, ngakhale yokhala akukhulupirira kuti chipinda chimodzi cha yamalamulo ndi. The Bundesrat thupi malamulo kuti ali ndi ufulu akamufunsirire ndi ndikutsutsa kwambiri malamulo.

Izi si thupi osankhidwa, popanda mawu. Panopa, ndi anthu 69. Ndi aliyense wa boma la izo anatumiza anthu 3 mpaka 6 malinga kukula kwake. Yekha kusankidwa malo mu Bundesrat ndi malo tcheyamani ake. Mamembala a thupi ili anamusankha pa chaka.

Landtag ndi m'deralo chisankho

Yamalamulo m'dziko lawo lotchedwa Landtag. Iye ndicho malamulo thupi maiko oyandikana. zosankha onse pa chatsekedwa Plenum, imene ndi nawo magulu ndi ziwanga.

Land kugawidwa mu mzinda, m'midzi ndi mizinda yambiri, imene boma. chisankho Local ikuchitikira ku Germany, ndi kufanizira ndi anthu. Adzaponye chisanko kuvotera zikuchokera chigawo mudzi ndi mudzi akulu, omwe amatchedwanso "m'dera yamalamulo".