Chosalowerera ndale ndi chiyani? Aliyense ayenera kudziwa

M'zaka zaposachedwapa zinthu pa dziko kwambiri litentha. Uliwonse tsopano ndiyeno mu madera osiyana a dziko kung'anima mikangano latsopano m'deralo, anagwirizana ndi maiko kwambiri. Mu zikhalidwe yovuta, pa TV ndi masamba a mabuku, mawu akuti "mfundo chosalowerera ndale zida" nthawi zikumveka. Komabe, si anthu onse amene ankamvetsa tanthauzo lake, komanso anthu amene pa boma, ananena za udindo uwu.

tanthawuzo

Mawu "chosalowerera" ali mizu Latin. Kumasulira amatanthauza "palibe mmodzi kapena ena." Mawu amenewa waperekedwa kwa malamulo adziko lonse lapansi. Izo ntchito pamene akulankhula za kulephera kwa boma nawo nkhondo mu nthawi ya mavuto ndi kujowina limodzi mayunitsi la asilikali yamtendere. M'mawu ena, chosalowerera ndale - ndi pamene boma zimatengera maganizo okhulupirika maganizo a m'mayiko ena chipani mkangano.

Mitundu chosalowerera ndale

Uchete wa boma lili ndi mitundu ingapo ndipo akhoza anakonza njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawu amenewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito mfundo zinayi:

1. States monga Switzerland ndi Austria, kusunga uchete okhazikika. zithandiza chili mu malamulo mkati ndipo anazindikira padziko lonse. States amene amagwirizana monga mbali chosalowerera ndale okhazikika, simungathe nawo nkhondo kugwirizana zankhondo ndi kutilola zomangamanga pa m'gawo lake maofesi yachilendo asilikali.

2. mayiko ena mu Asia, Africa ndi Latin America kugwira chosalowerera ndale positive. Amanena kutsatira kwawo thandizo chitetezo padziko lonse mu kuchotsa mavuto padziko lonse, kukana mtundu manja. Kamodzi zaka zitatu, Conference ndi umachitika, imene dziko kukonzanso kulengeza mthupi mwawo.

3. Sweden ndi limodzi mwa mayiko amene kudzinenera salowerera chikhalidwe. Mbali yake yaikulu ili kuti boma konse amakhazikitsa odetsedwa, ndi kutsatira malamulo a chosalowerera ndale pa maziko kwawo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mwina nthawi iliyonse kutsirizitsa kusunga kudzipereka, chifukwa paliponse sindilalikira mthupi mwawo.

4. Nthawi zambiri boma walemba zikalata mayiko amene kulengeza ngongole zawo. Contractual chosalowerera ndale - otchedwa mtundu uwu. Chitsanzo cha ichi ndi pangano choposa pa Russian Federation ndi Canada mu Ottawa mu 1992. Tikuyankhula zokhudza Pangano la Concord ndi Cooperation pakati pa mayiko vdumya.

Ambiri jurists mayiko odalirika lotchedwa mawonekedwe apamwamba chosalowerera ndale okhazikika, zimene zikugwirizana ndi kumenyana onse zida mosachotsera. State anayamba njira iyi, kukutanthauza kudzipereka kwambiri osati nkhondo komanso yamtendere. Kuwonjezera sungathe nawo nkhondo, gawo la wagawo ndi kulola pa ntchito yomanga maofesi zomangamanga wa asilikali achilendo, izo sizingakhoze ntchito zipolowe zida monga njira yothetsera pachimake mavuto geopolitical.

Zoletsa ku nkhondo

M'malamulo a mayiko, pamene boma analengeza chosalowerera ndale zake mu nthawi ya nkhondo, kuti ayenera kutsatira malamulo zitatu:

1. Mulimonse mmene Musapereke thandizo la asilikali ku mayiko maganizo.

2. Musalole ntchito mayiko otsutsana a m'gawo lake zolinga asilikali.

3. oletsa maphwando nkhondo ya malamulo chimodzimodzi kundipatsako kwa manja ndi katundu wa asilikali. M'pofunika si kupeza wina wa zipani nawo motero sizigwirizana ake.

Mbiri ya mapangidwe mfundo

Ngati tikambirana chosalowerera ndale ku Tikaona m'mbiri, kwa anthu a limati zinalili mu nthawi ya dziko wakale, iye anali mlendo. Mu Middle Ages, zodabwitsazi anayamba kupeza tanthauzo lake masiku ano. Medieval dziko analengeza za commonality chipembedzo chawo ndi chikhalidwe anayesa kukhalabe ndale, koma zina zimene sizili. Ndi koposa zonse, za nkhondo danga nyanja. Only m'zaka za m'ma XVI, States anayamba kuzindikira kuti chosalowerera ndale - ndi udindo umene ziyenela kuyan'anidwa.

apereke zitsanzo

Nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri pamene dziko ananena ndi chosalowerera nkhondo, kunayamba cha m'ma XVIII. Mu mbiri ya dziko wasiya chizindikiro chake mgwirizano wa zazikulu mphamvu dziko, amene achita okha kuteteza mfundo zimene zili mu Declaration wa Catherine II anavomera mu February 1780. Mbaliyi Russian Ufumu, France, Spain, US States, Denmark, Sweden, Prussia, Austria, Portugal, Sicily. mgwirizano umenewu ntchito, pamene panali nkhondo ufulu wa ankawalamulira American ku England. Pambuyo pa nkhondo mu 1783, kwenikweni anakomoka.

Mu 1800 yosainidwa otchedwa yachiwiri zida chosalowerera ndale pakati pa Russian Ufumu, Denmark, Sweden ndi Prussia. Bukuli lili ndi mfundo za atchedwe Catherine ndi zosintha zazing'ono anayikidwa. Komabe, pambuyo pa imfa ya Paulo Ine ndi inalowa la Alexander Ine, anasiya kukhalako.

kuti adzimvera

Kusaloŵerera - ndi udindo malamulo amene wabwera kutali mpaka, potsiriza wabweza tanthauzo lake masiku ano. Great chopereka kwa zikamera ake anapanga Russian Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri, amene anaika zambiri mfundo za Chikalata cha 1780. Ngati boma watero chosalowerera ndale wake, kumachititsa ngongole yaikulu. Izi N'chimodzimodzinso kwa yamtendere ndi nkhondo. Choncho, zodabwitsazi si ambiri m'dziko monga tikufuna.