Sharaf Rashidov: yonena, zithunzi ndi banja

Sharaf Rashidov pafupifupi kotala atumwi, kutsogozedwa ndi Party Communist la Uzbekistan. Pakati pa kupeza iye mphamvu, izi Asian mabwalo a ku Central wakhala maluwa a chuma chake ndi chikhalidwe kutukuka kwambiri. Koma nthawi yomweyo analenga onse pamodzi kuphatikiza chivundi cha dongosolo utsogoleri-lamulo ndi wapadera amakambirana Chiuzibeki, kutsogoleredwa ndi mzimuwo unatchedwa dzina lake Rashid.

Origin ndi ubwana

Kodi anayamba ulendo moyo wake Sharaf Rashidov? mbiri yake inayamba mu 1917 mu mzinda wa Jizzakh. Kawirikawiri, pakusimba kuti anabadwa mu banja wamba. Koma pakati pa anthu okhala osaphunzira mumzinda wa Jizzakh, mu masiku amenewo, mochuluka ngati mudzi, Rashidovs banja anaima kwa propensity ake kuti maphunziro: asanu ana ake, kuphatikizapo Sharaf, anaphunzira ku nthawi m'dera zisanu ndi ziwiri. Koma anali pakati pa 20s, ndi dziko anayenda Basmachi zigawenga ulamuliro wa Islam, ndi mullah akumeneku inali unquestioned. Koma zikuoneka, osati pachabe, Bolsheviks anapanga zisinthe awo, ngati ngakhale mu nkhalango zowirira anthu achotsedwa chidziwitso.

Youth ndi zaka kuphunzira

Pambuyo asanu chaka Sharaf Rashidov ali aphunzitsi maphunziro kusukulu. Limodzi ndi theka zaka za kafukufuku wa uphunzitsi, ndipo pa 18, anakhala mphunzitsi wa sukulu ya sekondale. Aphunzitsi akusowa akumidzi, zingatanthauze, kuphunzitsa zosangalatsa awo, kukwatira ndi kukhala ndi moyo monga pozungulira ponse, koma wamtali wokongola munthu akufuna chinachake kwambiri. Iye anapita ku Samarkand ndi akulowa mphamvu ya University State.

Monga wophunzira, Sharaf Rashidov zina analemba ndakatulo akulemba nkhani yochepa. Iye asamalira iwo mu nyuzipepala dera "Leninsky njira". Patapita kanthawi iye anatengedwera ku dziko la buku waukulu wa Samarkand. Koma utolankhani n'kofunika pakamwa inayamba nkhondo.

Nawo ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Mu November 1941, pambuyo njira inapita patsogolo kuphunzira pa Frunze oyenda School, ndi junior kapitawo ndale, Sharaf Rashidov chitumidwa kwa Kalinin Front. Iye sanayambe inafalikira zapitazi ake ankhondo. Lero taona. Ndipotu Kalinin Front? Izi kwenikweni kumenyera kuwonongedwa kwa Rzhev zazikulu, biennial wokhala nyama chopukusira, amene adapha kuti asilikali miliyoni Soviet ndi cholinga sichinayambe zimatheka.

Rashidov Sharaf Rashidovich kapitawo ndale kupereka dongosolo la Red Chabwino, ndipo anavulazidwa mu 1943, malo ngati zosafunika kwa utumiki zina.

ntchito chipani

26 wazaka wopuma pantchito kapitawo ndale akubwerera ku nyuzipepala kwawo Samarkand. Kumapeto kwa 40s iye anali mtolankhani ndi dzina, kuyesera kupeza okha ntchito zolembalemba, koma ndakatulo ndi nkhani zake zodziwika bwino. Wake unayamba kuti intensively kulimbikitsa mzere phwando. Choyamba, iye amakhala tcheyamani Soviet Writers 'la Uzbekistan. Kumene, iwo anali udindo. Potumiza izo zimatanthauza kuli kukhulupirira Rashidov ku Uzbekistan, ndi mabwalo mgwirizano utsogoleri.

Posachedwapa wolemba 33 wazaka anakhala wapampando wa Presidium wa bungwe Lalikulu la Uzbekistan. Mu USSR kale, palibe zaka amenewa adakali sanasunge malo amenewa mkulu mu nyumba ya mphamvu.

Mu March 1959, ndi yosiya watumidwa mlembi woyamba wa Party Communist la Uzbekistan Sabir Kamalov. Ndi nthawi Rashidov anali kale bwino Nikitoy Hruschevym, ndipo anatha nazo. Choncho, pa kuimilidwa ndi Moscow ku positi mutu wa mabwalo a Komiti chapakati cha Chiuzibeki Communist Party umasankha izo amasinthira iye.

Pa mutu wa Uzbekistan

Sharaf Rashidov, ntchito imene woyamba adakwatira malo pansi pa maso kuyang'aniridwa ndi mgwirizano utsogoleri ndi panokha Nikity Hruscheva, anali ankamuona ngati anthu, atsopano mabanja Chiuzibeki chikamakula kukutsogolerani zigawo nthambi zosiyanasiyana za chuma, malonda ndi utumiki boma. Rashidov wakhala moyenera ogwira malamulo, osati atazunguliridwa yekha ndi chitsanzo cha akalambula, abale ndi akwawo, iye anayesa kukatenga anthu udindo utsogoleri pa mtengo. Ngakhale kuphweka ankaoneka ngati lero ndi umboni wa mfundo imeneyi, pamene ku Central Asia anali zachilendo.

Rashidov ngati nkhope ya Soviet East

Young (iye ndinangowasiya 42), ophunzira, wokongola maonekedwe mutu wa dziko la Soviet Muslim akutsutsana wosiyana ambiri anzake - ogwira phwando. Iwo akukonda Moscow. Membala wa Politburo wa ku CPSU Committee chapakati Artem Mikoyan, amene ntchito chinali kukhazikitsa kugona ndi mayiko a East, nthawi zonse anaitanidwa Rashidov ulendo wawo kunja kwa India, Iran, Iraq. Pali Rashidovich Sharaf, amene ankadziwa ins ndi outs wa ulemu kum'mawa anali kunyumba. Poyankha Tashkent pafupipafupi boma ena ndi anthu nthumwi.

Mu kugwa kwa 1965 pakati pa India ndi nkhondo Pakistan malire itayamba, amene mwamsanga zinafika pa nkhondo yeniyeni imene ndege akasinja ankagwiritsa ntchito. Palibe wa maiko azungu analephera kubweretsa magulu omenyanawa ku gome positi ofesi. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa kokha Rashidov, amene anakonza msonkhano wa Tashkent atsogoleri a mayiko awiri zinachititsa kuti kusaina wa Tashkent Declaration, kuthetsa nkhondo imeneyi. Ngakhale yokhala mu zokambirana m'malo mwa USSR nawo A. N. Kosygin, zinaonekeratu kuti zopereka waukulu gulu la msonkhano anaupatsa mtsogoleri wa Uzbekistan.

Rashidov ndi Brezhnev

Mugone makamaka ofunda apanga pa Sharaf Rashidovich Leonid Brezhnev, yemwe ankakonda kubwera kwa Tashkent ndi Musaiwale kutchula ubwino wa Chiuzibeki anzawo lotsatira mphoto phwando. Rashidov akuyesera kuti asataye nkhope kutsogolo kwa mlembi wamkulu, pambuyo maubwenzi anu onse Brezhnev ankadalira ndalama ntchito ambiri mitundu. Ndipo kwa ndalama ya pakati mwa mayiko a Soviet zinali zovuta kwambiri. Uzbekistan ndi mpikisano waukulu mpikisano uwu unali Kazakhstan, mutu umene Kunayev abwenzi ndi Brezhnev kuyambira nthawi ya epic mwa namwali.

Rashidov anafuna ndi ndalama Moscow ku anamanga mizinda latsopano. Mu utsogoleri wake Republic anaonekera Uchkuduk, Navoi, Zarafshan. Latsopano zomera ndi migodi processing ogwira ntchito ku Uzbekistan pafupifupi akhala kuthamanga pachaka.

Pamene Rashidov Republic anakhala golide. padziko lonse lapansi wanga Muruntau inamangidwa kwa kupanga golide lotseguka dzenje. Lero, golide Muruntau (matani oposa 60 pa chaka) ndi maziko mtendere ndalama dziko.

Makamaka tcheru Rashidov Sharaf Rashidovich analipira Tashkent. Likulu la Uzbekistan , iye anayesa kuwasandutsa umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri ku East. Pakati pa mzinda uliwonse mamita 10-15 akasupe zinamangidwa, zosiyanasiyana mipata wobiriwira ndi zodabwitsa. Zida polenga ulemerero onsewa kugonja pa likulu mgwirizano anali Sharaf Rashidov. Photo wa nthawi za m'ma 80, ntchentche pansipa.

golide woyera

Koma kumene, maziko a chuma cha Uzbekistan mu nyengo ya Soviet anali thonje. Dziko ndi mu 70s ndi oyambirira 80s anafunika yaikulu katundu wa chikhalidwe. Nsalu mafakitale ndi zomera chitetezo chabe mukuponderezedwa ndi kusowa kwake, kotero mbewu ya thonje nthawi zonse kuwonjezera, ndipo chaka ndi chaka kukolola kampeni inasanduka m'dzikolo liwiro ntchito.

utsogoleri Union nthawi zonse mbamuikha pa Rashidov, napempha kuwonjezeka zokolola thonje. Izi kawirikawiri sakhala kuganizira zitani cholinga monga kulephera kwa mbewu, nyengo yoipa ndi zina zotero. Mu mantha kuti nthawi ya chilango cha kulephera kwa mapulani kwa chakudya thonje safuna kutaya mphamvu, ndi Chiuzibeki osankhika lotsogoleredwa ndi Rashidov zachitika dongosolo lonse kuwonjezapo ndi falsification nkhani. Amalola aliyense, ngakhale kukolola kwambiri mu Center kuti afotokoze kukhazikitsa bwino ndondomeko, imatilimbikitsa yoyenera, mphoto ndi zimafuna ndalama ntchito yatsopano ya.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ya dongosolo lino anali siteji ya alimi thonje yobereka malo osiyanasiyana yogawa kupereka makampani mu gawo Loona za dziko. Mwamsanga anayamba kufika pa magalimoto awo ndi thonje, ndi iwo ku Uzbekistan anapita nthumwi "anaganiza" imene ikuchitika ndalama kwa otsogolera a zapansi, ndi iwo kale adapangana ndi mabizinezi-ogula kuti yotsirizira sizipanga mkangano ngati, m'malo zipangizo kalasi yoyamba anachita Maphunziro II kapena wosapita m'mbali thonje zinyalala.

Iwo anaitenga ndalama? The USSR anali yekhayo wa gwero awo - amalonda. Onse obkladyvayut msonkho, ndi kubwerera analandira katundu chikusoŵa, umene panthawi imeneyo Uzbekistan anali wochuluka - makontena awo anali Rashidov mphoto kwa "kuphedwa" Zolingalira thonje okwanira. Choncho uzingopitirira chinyengo ziphuphu, ziphuphu, ndiye dongosolo lonse litadzala ndi anthu Chiuzibeki.

choncho thonje

Amene anadza kwa mphamvu atafa Brezhnev mu 1982, Yuri Andropov anaganiza kutha kwa "thonje Mafia". Kumayambiriro a 1983 ku Uzbekistan kufufuza timu anatumizidwa ku Moscow, umene unayamba kudzagwira atsogoleri a magulu dera malonda, kukumba chitsime cha ndalama kwa dongosolo lonse la chivundi. wapatali anali anagwira.

Rashidov anazindikira kuti amanena mabuku akusowa thonje sadzakhala zotheka chaka chino. Iye mwaphuma anathamangira pa m'chilimwe ndi yophukira cha 1983 m'dziko lonselo, kukudandaulirani atsogoleri kupeza nkhokwe kupereka golide woyera, koma analonjeza chaka cha Andropov matani 3 miliyoni a zipangizo anatha kusonkhanitsa 20%. Pozindikira kuti pamaso pake kudikira basi kuchotsedwa manyazi ndi kuyimbidwa chigawenga, October 31, 1983 Rashidov, malinga Maulendo Ake J. Nasriddinov, iye anaponya wapampando wakale wa dziko Presidium wa bungwe Supreme.

Sharaf Rashidov: banja, ana

Mu East, amalemekeza makhalidwe abwino m'banja, kaya a chikhalidwe ndi udindo. Anali nazonso kuti lamulo limeneli ndi Sharaf Rashidov. banja lake anali wochezeka, izo anamvera miyambo dziko. Mkazi wake anali kunyumba Hursant Gafurovna ana - aakazi anayi ndi mwana - anali Tashkent sukulu wamba. Onse a iwo kusunga wokondedwa chikumbukiro bambo ake.