Progressive Bloc mu Duma

Progressive Bloc - wapadera chodabwitsa m'mbiri ya dongosolo dziko aphungu. Ichi ndi chitsanzo choyamba, pamene chipani intransigent m'madera ambiri anapanga gulu limodzi ndi pomayenda wa dziko kuphompho komwe chuma ndi ndale. Mu zovuta wa First World nkhondo inatenga anthu aufulu ayesera kugawana udindo ndi autocracy, koma Nicholas II pa zokambirana zilizonse kwambiri sanafune kupita kuti zinachititsa kuti imfa ya ulamuliro wawo wapamwamba ndi kugwa kwa Russian Ufumu.

Progressive Bloc: chilengedwe Background

Creation wa Progressive Bloc mu Duma - tawerenga zotsatira zinachitika mu nthawi mu dziko zikuchitika komanso umoyo ndi zachuma ndale. inalowa Russia kwa August 1, 1914 mu nkhondo imeneyi anayamba yowala kwambiri kung'anima a changu ku dziko lonse. Musati mukhale pambali ndi nthumwi pafupifupi magulu onse a State Duma. Kaya maganizo awo andale ndi Cadets ndi Octobrists ndi Trudoviks anasonyeza chithandizo chokwanira ku boma la Nicholas II, ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kuti mogwirizana pangozi chomwe chayandikira kwa Lathu.

Komabe, kugwirizana yasonyeza lalifupi kung'anima. Nkhondo inali kupitiriza, m'malo kupambana wolonjezedwa kujowina "asilikali Constantinople wakale 'anavutika mndandanda wa zotupa tcheru. Grew mokweza mawu n'chosiyana mu Duma, ndi Bolsheviks, amene anali kunenedwa Nicholas II nkhondo mu zofuna za industrialists zazikulu ndi zachuma, ndipo anaitanitsa asilikali kufalitsidwa kwa mikono kugonjetsa ufumu. apilo izi zachitika ndi maziko a chatsika mmene chuma chikuyendera m'dzikolo ndi "othandiza leapfrog" mu echelons akuluakulu a mphamvu. Mapangidwe a Progressive Bloc wotere anakhala de A facto kuthekera lotsiriza la kusintha mtendere kukhalabe okhazikika m'dziko.

The ndondomeko ya kulenga

Chiyambi cha kugwirizana ndondomeko congresses kuika angapo maphwando, umene unachitika mu June-July 1915. Ngakhale kuti pakati chimodzimodzi Cadets ndi Octobrists anali kusiyana yofunika kwambiri, pafupifupi mogwirizana anati, kuti zinthu mu dziko chifukwa cha kulephera pa amadzibisa anayamba kutha mofulumira. Ziziyenda zinthu, izo akufuna kuphatikiza khama la asilikali owolowa manja ndi kuulondola mfumu kulenga boma udindo osati kwa iyeyo komanso kwa akuluakulu a. August 22 pakati pa zisanu ndi chimodzi magulu a State Duma ndi atatu - pangano yosainidwa Bungwe la State, lomwe anadziwika monga Progressive Bloc.

Makamaka ndodo ya Progressive Bloc

Kwambiri chidwi mbali ya ubale ndale. Yokhala, ndi kagulu kamene waukulu analowa m'chitsimemo, anali "Union of October 17", koma mfundo osamala kwambiri za ubale kwachititsa chakuti nthumwi zake kukhazikitsa kwambiri ngati kukondera ndi boma kuposa kupeleka izo amafuna aliyense okhwima. Choncho, mtsogoleri msanga anabwera oimira ndi Cadet Party , lotsogoledwa ndi Pavlom Milyukovym. The Constitutional Democrats wosasamala kulengedwa kwa Progressive Bloc, ngati chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa njira yopita ku Russian weniweni ufumu malamulo. Cadets mwakhama ntchito kuthekera kucheza ndi kupereka zofunika zawo pulogalamu, komanso makamaka kugwira ntchito chake oimira mabungwe mabungwe a zipani zina.

Komanso mu Progressive Bloc wapangidwa oimira magulu, monga Zemstvo-Octobrists, nationalists, ataima pa mwapang'onopang'ono nsanja, centrists ndi progressives. Okwana boma Duma kucheza latsopano zikuphatikizapo 236 akuluakulu, monga ngati kuwakonda ndi State Council ziwanga, inu mumatenga chidwi kwambiri chithunzi cha anthu mazana atatu. Mtsogoleri ofunda mmodzi wa atsogoleri a "Union of October 17" anasankhidwa Meller Zakomelsky mu chipika amasinthira m'gulu anthu 25, amene ntchito kwambiri ankasiyana Milyukov, Efremov, Szydlowski ndi Shulgin.

Progressive Bloc mu Duma: pulogalamu ndi zofunikira

Maziko a dongosolo la kuyanjana yandale yatsopano mu State Duma anali angapo makonzedwe ofunika. Choyamba, iyi ndi kalata yosiya wa nduna ndi chilengedwe cha boma latsopano osati kusangalala kum'khulupirira ambiri oimira ziwanga, komanso okonzeka kugawana udindo ndi "progressives." Kachiwiri, ndi Boma latsopano kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko kanthu kusunga mtendere chikhalidwe mu dziko, ndi kugawanika bwino mphamvu pakati pa boma ndi asilikali. Pomaliza, achitatu, kulengedwa kwa Progressive Bloc mu Duma, malinga oyambitsa ake, ankayenera kukhala chitsimikizo kuti lamulo mu dziko.

Wa ntchito zomwe atsogoleri a gulu yandale yatsopano akufuna kuonedwa posachedwapa, ndi Dziwani chigamulo cha funso dziko mu dziko. Kotero, anali akufuna kupereka maufulu ofanana ndi mitundu ina ya Ayuda kupereka kudziyimira pawokha ikuluikulu kuti Poland ndi Finland kubwezeretsa anthu wotchedwa Galicia. Komanso, Progressive Bloc mu Duma pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo pambuyo mapangidwe ake waika pamaso Boma nkhani ya Amnesty a akaidi a zandale ndi resumption la ogwira ncthito ntchito. Komabe, ngakhale kukweza zodzinenera izi wachititsa kukana lolimba osati Bungwe la nduna komanso akuluakulu a monarchist faction mu Duma.

Mavuto ndipo mapeto a zochita

Progressive Bloc nazo zikuchokera zosiyanasiyana, ndipo n'chifukwa chake mikangano kwambiri anthu ake. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito za ubale anali ntchito mu August 1916 angapo a anthu ake otsutsa boma ndi mtsogoleri wake Stunner. Nkhanza kutsutsa, umene pansi, makamaka Miliukov, mutu wa Bungwe la nduna anakakamizika kusiya, koma linachokera mzere boma sanasinthe. Zimenezi, limene lachititsa mavuto aakulu pakati pa phiko zolimbitsa wa chipika ndi zambiri ukasintha kuphunzira "progressives." Pambuyo mndandanda wa zokambirana, omaliza December 1916, anasiya Progressive Bloc. Pamaso pa February utasintha anali ochepa masabata.

zotsatira zokhumudwitsa

Creation wa Progressive Bloc mu Duma anawoneka kuti mwayi mtendere m'dziko kuthetsa mavuto azachuma komanso azandale chifukwa cha zolephera Russia mu First World nkhondo. Komabe, unavailability wa mphamvu wachifumu asintha kwambiri, pamodzi ndi zotsutsana mkati mwa bloc sanalole mwayi umenewu chikukwaniritsidwa.