Ndi mphamvu zotakasika chiyani? Zotakasika mphamvu chipukuta misozi. Mawerengedwe a mphamvu zotakasika

The nyumba ndi m'nyumba, mita imodzi magetsi waikidwa, imene mawerengedwe a malipiro kwa mphamvu kudyedwa. Simplistically ankakhulupirira kuti moyo ntchito kokha chigawo ake yogwira, ngakhale sali choncho. nyumba Modern zimalimbikitsa zipangizo, madera omwe ali zinthu zomwe zimasuntha gawo. Komabe, zotakasika mphamvu amadya zipangizo, kutali zosakwana makampani, kotero pachikhalidwe ananyalanyaza mu mawerengedwe a malipirowo.

Chomera kapena fakitale yomwe kasamalidwe satsatira otaya mafunde parasitic kudutsa dera katundu, kuchititsa mavuto aakulu kwa kachitidwe mphamvu ya dera ndi dziko lonse. Kwathunthu achabechabe mkangano mumpweya mzere mphamvu kufala; kumulowetsa tiransifoma anaika mu substations, sangaime katundu, makamaka pa nthawi pachimake.

Katundu inductive ndi capacitive

Ngati ife kutenga chotenthetsera ochiritsira kapena babu kuwala, mphamvu kutchulidwa zolemba analemba pa botolo kapena mbale-mbale, zizigwirizana ndi mankhwala a makhalidwe panopa likuyenderera mu chipangizo, ndi voteji (ife ndi 220 Volts). zinthu zimasintha ngati chipangizo zizindikiro thiransifoma, zinthu zina chikukhudza inductors, kapena capacitors. mbali awa ndi katundu wapadera, ndi Zithunzi za panopa osefukira iwo ali m'mbuyo kapena patsogolo pa funde sine wa kotunga voteji - mwakulankhula kwina, gawo kosangalatsa amapezeka. Abwino capacitive katundu vekitala mosinthana ndi -90 ndi inductive - +90 madigiri. Linanena bungwe Pankhaniyi amakhala zotsatira osati ntchito panopa pa voteji, kudzudzulidwa chinthu anawonjezera. Kodi zimenezi?

Zojambula chinyezimiro ndondomeko

Sukulu Masamu ndithudi ife tonse tikudziwa kuti hypotenuse ndi wautali kuposa wa mbali zina ziwiri kansalu bwino. Ngati yogwira, zotakasika ndipo akuoneka mphamvu kupanga mbali, Mafunde ankadya ndi koyilo ndi chidebe adzakhala kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino bwino ku chigawo resistive, koma ndi malangizo mbali zosiyana. Pamene kuwonjezera (kapena, ngati mukufuna, wochotsera, iwo raznoznakovye) makhalidwe chifukwa vekitala, mwachitsanzo zonse zotakasika mphamvu kutengera chikhalidwe cha katundu uli chiwembu adzakhala kupita pamwamba kapena pansi. Mu malangizo ake akhoza adzaweruzidwa, chimene chikhalidwe cha katundu ponseponse.

mphamvu zotakasika kwa Kuwonjezera vekitala wa chigawo yogwira adzapereka malipiro okwanira a mowa mphamvu. Izo momveka akuonetsedwa monga mphamvu makona hypotenuse. The zambiri mzere uwu ukhala dzenje pabwino wachibale kwa x-olamulira bwino.

Ko phi

The Zithunzi zikusonyeza kuti ngodya ya φ popangidwa ndi zamoyo zina ziwiri, wathunthu ndi yogwira mphamvu. Kuposa mfundo zawo zili zosiyana kupatula bwino, koma kumaliza maphatikizidwe awo kumathandiza mphamvu zotakasika, amene ankaona zoipa. Kwakukulu ngodya, ndi apamwamba katundu pa mzere mphamvu, kulera ndi kutsitsa mphamvu tiransifoma dongosolo, ndi Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi zamoyo zina timakonda mzake, chindichepere adzakhala mkangano mawaya mu unyolo. Sizachilendo vutoli zimene muyenera kuchita. Ndipo njira anapezeka, losavuta komanso yokongola. Chipukuta misozi tonse mphamvu zotakasika kungachepetse ngodya φ ndi kuyandikira cosine (wochedwanso mphamvu chinthu) kuti amodzi. Kuti ayenera kuwonjezera vekitala capacitive chigawo chimodzi kuti kukwaniritsa kumveka panopa, imene "kuzimitsa" mzake (Choncho kwathunthu, komabe - unsembe kwambiri).

Chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe

kuwerengetsera onse ongolankhula phindu, wamkulu ali applicable kuchita. Chithunzi mu aliyense chomera anayamba mafakitale zotsatirazi: kwambiri za mphamvu yochuluka injini (synchronous, asynchronous, osakwatiwa-gawo, atatu gawo), ndi makina ena. Koma palinso tiransifoma. Mapeto ndi losavuta: pa malo enieni kupanga kulamulidwa ndi zotakasika mphamvu inductive chikhalidwe. Tikumbukenso kuti mabizinezi kukhazikitsa mita kuposa wina magetsi monga mwa nyumba ndi nyumba, ndi awiri, mmodzi amene akugwira ntchito, ndi zina - mukhoza ndikuganiza amene. Ndipo overruns pachabe "kuthamangitsa" pamodzi mizere ya magetsi mphamvu matupi lolingana mwankhanza kulipitsidwa kuti makonzedwe ndi kofunika chidwi chenicheni, kuwerengera mphamvu zotakasika ndipo pezani njira zochepetsera izo. Zikuonekeratu kuti popanda capacitance ndi sakwanitsa kuthetsa vutoli.

Malipilo pa chiphunzitso

Kuyambira Zithunzi pamwamba zikuonekeratu mmene kukwaniritsa kuchepetsa mafunde parasitic mpaka Kupha wawo wonse, osachepera theoretically. Kuchita izi mu kufanana ndi inductive katundu capacitor monga ziwalo mfundo capacitance. The zamoyo zina kuwonjezera idzakupatsani ziro, ndipo padzakhala yekha zothandiza yogwira chigawo.

mawerengedwe wapangidwa malinga ndi njira:

• C = 1 / (2πFX), mmene X - ndi reactance okwana zipangizo zonse m'gulu maukonde; The F - voteji pafupipafupi (tili - 50 Hz);

Zikuoneka kuti - kodi kukhala chosavuta? Chulukanani «X» ndi nambala "PI" 50 Inde. Komabe, chilichonse ndi zovuta.

Ndipo kuchita?

Ndondomeko ndi yosavuta, koma kuzindikira ndi kuwerengera X si mophweka. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera deta zonse za zipangizo, kuphunzira reactance awo, ndi mawonekedwe vekitala, ndipo ngakhale ndiye ... Ndipotu, palibe wina, koma akapanda kutero, kupatula ophunzira ntchito choyezera.

Kudziwa mphamvu zotakasika kungakhale njira ina, mothandizidwa ndi chipangizo wapadera - gawo mita, kusonyeza mphamvu chinthu, kapena amayerekezera kuwerenga mphamvu mita, ammeter ndi voltmeter.

Complicating nkhani kuti mu ndondomeko weniweni kupanga katundu zikusintha, monga ena makina ntchito zina, pamene ena sakukhudzidwa ndi maukonde mogwirizana ndi ndandanda kupanga. Choncho zofunika miyeso okhazikika kuwayang'anira zinthu. Usiku kosangalatsa akuthamanga nyali, yozizira mu masitolo kungakhale Kutentha za mlengalenga, ndi m'chilimwe - kuzirala ake. mwanjira ina, koma zotakasika mphamvu malipilo anapangidwa pamaziko a kuwerengetsera ongolankhula ndi digiri yapamwamba ya miyeso othandiza Ko φ.

Kulumikiza ndi disconnecting capacitors

Njira zosavuta ndi odziwika kuthetsa vuto - kudzala pafupi gawo mita apadera ntchito amene adzatero Kumathandiza kapena disables nambala Napempha kwa capacitors, kukwaniritsa kuchuluka osachepera zopatuka umodzi wa muvi. Kotero pachiyambi ndipo mwachita, koma kumapeto zasonyeza kuti wowopsa chinthu anthu Sizotheka kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira ankafuna. Mulimonsemo, chipukuta misozi cha mphamvu zotakasika, amene ali makamaka inductive, kugwirizana magetsi wapangidwa lolingana mfundo capacitance, koma izo bwino mu mode ndi zodziwikiratu, kapena munthu wogwira ntchito kunyalanyaza akhoza kubweretsa ogwira mbadwa pansi chabwino chachikulu. Kachiwiri, ntchito luso sangapatsidwe dzina, ndi amenable kwambiri zokha. Chiwembu losavuta kumaphatikizapo kuwala awiri elekitironi ya emitter ndi wolandila kuwala. Muvi oletsedwa kufunika osachepera - ndiye muyenera kuwonjezera mphamvu.

Zokha ndiponso anzeru ma aligorivimu

Panopa, pali machitidwe mu malo adzatsekeredwa akugwira Ko φ mu osiyanasiyana 0,9 kwa 1. Popeza kugwirizana capacitors mwa iwo akutenga malo discretely, chifukwa wangwiro sizingatheke, koma zotsatira chuma basi zotakasika mphamvu compensator akadali amapereka zabwino kwambiri. The ntchito chipangizo ichi ndi wanzeru ma aligorivimu kuonetsetsa ntchito yomweyo, nthawi zambiri popanda makonda zina. Zopangapanga zapita patsogolo kwambiri makompyuta n'zotheka kuti tikwaniritse kugwirizana yunifolomu wa magawo onse a mabanki capacitor pofuna kupewa kulephera msanga chimodzi kapena ziwiri za iwo. Poyankha nthawi amadziwikanso sanamvere ndi inductors zina kuchepetsa kukula kwa dontho voteji pa transients. Modern ulamuliro gulu Catering ali yoyenera ergonomic Kamangidwe, amene amalenga kuti adziwe mofulumira vutoli woyendetsa, ndi mwambo ngozi kapena kuwononga, adzalandira alamu yomweyo. Mtengo umenewu nduna ndithu, koma kulipira ndizofunikira phindu umabweretsa.

chipangizo compensator

Common zotakasika mphamvu compensator ndi zitsulo m'kabati wa mulingo ndi polojekiti ndi ulamuliro gululi pa gulu kutsogolo, nthawi zambiri anatsegula. Pansi izo waika wa capacitors (batire). dongosolo limeneli chifukwa nzeru losavuta: capacitances ndi lolemera kwambiri, ndipo m'pomveka ndithu akhumba dongosolo la wolimba. Mu kumtunda kwa woyendetsa za mlingo diso, ndi zofunika ulamuliro zipangizo, kuphatikizapo gawo chizindikiro umene ife mukhoza kuweruza ukulu wa mphamvu china. Palinso anasonyeza osiyana, kuphatikizapo Alamu, kulamulira zinthu (kusintha osinthasintha, kusinthana kwa mode Buku, ndi zina zotero.). Kafukufuku kuyerekezera kuwerenga wa masensa kuyeza ndi chitukuko cha zochita ulamuliro (kulumikiza kufunika capacitor mwadzina) dera amachita, m'munsi ndi microprocessor. Actuators ntchito mofulumira ndipo mwakachetechete, iwo amakhala tapeza thyristors mphamvu.

The pafupifupi mawerengedwe a mabanki capacitor

A ochepa mabizinezi unyolo mphamvu zotakasika akhoza ziri adzaweruzidwa ndi chiwerengero cha zipangizo zikugwirizana malinga ndi chikhalidwe chawo gawo-kusuntha. Choncho, ochiritsira asynchronous galimoto (waukulu "plodder" mafakitale ndi zomera) pa katundu wofanana ndi theka a mphamvu oveteredwa, ali Ko φ, wofanana 0,73, ndi luminaire - 0.5. Chizindikiro kukhudzana kuwotcherera zida ranges kuchokera 0,8 kuti 0,9, Arc ng'anjo ukugwira ndi cosine wa φ, wofanana 0,8. Matebulo zilipo pafupifupi aliyense mphamvu zazikulu, muli deta pa mitundu yonse ya zida mafakitale ndi chisanadze unsembe wa zotakasika mphamvu malipilo angathe kuchitidwa ntchito. Komabe, deta izi kupereka okha maziko pa chimene m'pofunika kusintha ndi kuwonjezera kapena disconnecting ndi capacitor mabanki.

m'dziko lonse

Mwina kuganiza kuti chisamaliro chonse cha chakudya voteji ndi katundu wogawana pa boma ake anaika pa mafakitale ndi makampani ena mafakitale. Izi si choncho. dongosolo mphamvu akulamulira gawo kosangalatsa mu msinkhu dziko ndi dera, pa kuchoka katundu mphamvu yache. nkhani ina ndi kubwezera wa chigawo zotakasika si akwaniritsa polumikiza mabanki capacitor, ndi njira ina. Kuonetsetsa khalidwe la aziwapatsa ogula mphamvu mu windings ozungulira ndi chosinthika kukondera panopa kuti ndi magudumu synchronous si vuto lalikulu.