Klement Gottwald - Czechoslovak Stalin

Klement Gottwald, mmodzi wa oyamba andale Czechoslovak chikominisi. Iye anapita mtsogoleri chipani ndi nduna yaikulu, ndi Pulezidenti wa dziko lino. Kwa kanthawi panali mwambo wa Gottwald ndi thupi lake anakonzedwa ndi atangokhala nkhani ya poyera mu mausoleum a. dzina lake dzina lake mzinda ndi misewu osati kunyumba komanso m'mayiko ena. Koma mu zaka zao za sikisite zaka mazana makumi awiri izo linadzatchedwa Czechoslovak Stalin. Tiyeni tione pa yonena za lamuloli.

Unyamata ndi masitepe oyamba monga mtsogoleri

Klement Gottwald anabadwa mu 1896 mu mzinda wa Austria ndi Hungary Wischau (tsopano mu Czech Republic ndi otchedwa Deditse). Iye anakula kuchokera m'banja wamba, amene sanayambe wakwatiwa. Mu unyamata wake, wandale mtsogolo ntchito monga kapitawo pa mtengo wofiira, anaphunzira Vienna. Mu 1912 analowa Democratic Social Party. Anam'tenga kuti akhale m'gulu la asilikali Austria ndi Hungary pa First World nkhondo, kumenyana patsogolo kum'mawa. Mu 1921, anakhala wa omwe adayambitsa Party m'gululi ndipo anathandiza kufalitsa nyuzipepala yake ku Bratislava.

zofunika

Ntchito pulezidenti tsogolo la Czechoslovakia akuyamba mofulumira tipite ku m'ma makumi zaka mazana makumi awiri. M'chaka cha 1925 anasankhidwa kukhala Komiti chapakati cha Party, ndipo mu 1929 anayamba Mlembi-General. Mu chaka chomwecho Gottwald nthumwi kuti National Assembly la Czechoslovakia ngati MP. Mu 1935 iye anapangidwa mlembi wa Comintern ndi kusiya positi pokhapokha yanyumba yotsirizira mu 1943. Pambuyo sikapangano Munich mu 1938 Klement Gottwald anapita ku Soviet Union, komwe anakhala zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mu ukapolo mu mfundo. Kuchokera kumeneko, iye akuyamba kutsogolera kukana chikominisi ku Czechoslovakia.

Wandale Klement Gottwald: yonena za mtsogoleri wa chipanichi

Mu March 1945, Eduard Benes, pulezidenti chisanadze nkhondo ndi mutu wa boma mu ukapolo ku London kuyambira 1941, anagwirizana kupanga National Front mogwirizana ndi Chikomyunizimu. Gottwald pamene mavuto amenewa anapita ku positi nduna yaikulu kazembe. Nkhani zokhudza chipani, anapereka malo Mlembi General Rudolf Slansky, ndipo iye anatenga udindo watsopano wa wapampando.

Pa chisankhochi, 1946 anatsogolera gulu lake ndale yamalamulo ndi peresenti sate-eyiti ya mavoti onse. Zinali zotsatira zabwino mu mbiri ya Communist Czechoslovakia. Koma pofika chilimwe cha 1947 kutchuka chipani uwu unayamba kugwa mofulumira, ndipo anthu ambiri ankaganiza kuti Gottwald andichotsa ntchito yake. Pa nthawi imeneyo Italy ndi France anayamba kukakamiza, chikominisi ndi maboma a Mgwirizano, ndi Iosif Stalin analangiza Gottwald kuchita chilichonse kukhalabe mphamvu mphamvu chimodzi chokha. yonseyi, wandale kunyengezera ntchito m'boma. Ndipotu iye anali kukonza chiwembu. masewera inatha mu February 1948, pamene nduna za Atumiki analamula Minister Mkati Nosek Vaslav kusiya kumwa mu nyumba mphamvu chikominisi yekha. Iye anakana mothandizidwa ndi Gottwald. Kenako atumiki 12 boma zinatula pansi. Gottwald anaopseza ndi kunyanyala ambiri zinachitika pa iwo chikominisi. Benes anayesetsa kukaniza, koma pansi pa Nkhondoyo Soviet anagonja. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo Klement Gottwald anakhala munthu wamphamvu kwambiri mu Czechoslovakia.

Pamwamba pa mphamvu

May 9, 1948 National Assembly anatengera Constitution watsopano wa dziko. Iye anali procommunist kuti Beneš kusaina izo. Mu June, anatula pansi masiku angapo Gottwald anasankhidwa pulezidenti. Poyamba, mtsogoleri wa dziko anayesa kukhalabe mfundo quasi-palokha, koma atakumana ndi Stalin mwadzidzidzi asintha. Klement Gottwald, amene anayamba kusindikiza zithunzi pa tsamba kutsogolo kwa manyuzipepala onse Czechoslovakia, mu nthawi yochepa dziko lonse nationalized makampani ndi ulimi collectivized onse. boma anayamba kukana amphamvu kuti moyo woterewu. Ndiye Gottwald akuyamba kuchita kuyeretsa. Choyamba, iye amawaika iwo kunja kwa boma komanso kumanga onse amene sanali a, chikominisi, kenako chipani wake, amene sankagwirizana naye. Akuvutika chifukwa cha purges zinayamba Rudolf Slansky komanso nduna okhonda Vlado Clementis (kuwombera mu 1952), komanso mazana a anthu ena amene anaphedwa kapena kuti awaponye m'ndende. Czech wolemba Milan Kundera , mu "Bukhu la Kuseka ndi chisokonezeko" limatiuza za mlandu, ndiwo khalidwe kwa mtsogoleri wa mtundu Stalinist, monga wandale Klement Gottwald. Yerekezani pa February 21, 1948 ikusonyeza Pulezidenti ataima pafupi Vlado Clementis. Pamene patapita zaka ziwiri ndi yotsirizira kuimbidwa mlandu woukira boma, fano la mtumiki zakale anaphedwa ndi mabodza boma.

Imfa. Czechoslovakia pambuyo Gottwald

Kwa zaka zingapo, ndondomeko zowawa ndi matenda mtima. A masiku angapo pambuyo pa maliro Stalin mu 1953 iye anadwala. Iye anafa March 14, 1956, pa usinkhu wa zaka makumi asanu mphambu zisanu. thupi lake anakonzedwa aikiwa mu mausoleum, ndipo anayamba mwambo wa umunthu wake mu dziko. Koma zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kenako, iye unachita kutenthedwa ndi reburied mu bokosi chatsekedwa. Iwo amanena kuti thupi anayamba kuwola, chifukwa asayansi miscalculated zikuchokera mtembo. Ndipo pakutha pa chikominisi m'dziko la phulusa lake ndi zotsalira za atsogoleri ena makumi awiri chipani anali reburied mu manda pa Prague manda Olshany. Mu Mipingo mochedwa zaka mazana makumi awiri anali kufuna kusindikiza chithunzi cha iye mu zolemba Czech banki, koma kunaoneka kotero zoipa, kuti onse a ngongole awa akhala achoka ntchito.