Kodi akale Nazarbayev? Wambiri Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbaev - pulezidenti (koyamba ndiponso) Chikazaki SSR (1990-1991) ndi Republic of Kazakhstan (December 1991 - alipo). Mu 1984-1989 anali kupita ku Chikazaki SSR Council wa nduna, ndipo anakhala mlembi woyamba wa Party Communist. Ndi mutu wa "Mtsogoleri wa Nation". Mu 2011, anthu mpando ndi mavoti Pulezidenti Nursultan Nazarbayev kwa nthawi chachinayi. M'nkhani ino inu Adzaperekedwa yonena pulezidenti wa Kazakhstan. Mudzaphunziranso zaka zimene Nursultan Nazarbayev. Tiyeni tiyambepo.

makolo

Nursultan Nazarbayev anabadwa m'mudzi wa Chemolgan (Alma-Ata m'chigawo cha Chikazaki SSR) mu 1940. Makolo a pulezidenti tsogolo ankachita ulimi. Atate - Abish - I kubanja Nazarbaya kumenyedwa, ndi mayi wake - Alzhan - m'mudzi banja mullahs Kasyk. Nursultan bambo anali mokondwera ndi kulemekezedwa munthu. Kuwonjezera pa Chikazaki, iye ankadziwa Russian ndi Balkar zinenero. Abish zokongola anaimba Russian ndi Chikazaki songs, anali nthawi zonse wokondwa alendo komanso anatha kupereka malangizo abwino. Tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe Nazarbayev. Mwachidule, longosolani banja pulezidenti.

banja

Wambiri Nazarbayev lili deta ya makolo ake ku fuko 12. Sam Nursultan sadamdziwa iye kuyambira ali mwana. M'badwo chitatu ndi kholo la mbeu'yo mwachindunji anali Karasai Batyr, amadziwika zochuluka wake mu nkhondo djungars (1640-1680 biennium). Nursultan Nazarbayev otchedwa agogo. Malinga ndi zikalata archival mu 1880, iye anali munthu wolemera, anali ndi madzi mphero ndi conected kuti izo aryk.

Pamene mu 1991 anafalitsa buku, "Popanda lamanzere ndi lamanja", Kazakhs kuphunziridwa osati za zaka zingati Nazarbayev, komanso kuwerenga za onse achibale ake.

• Mlongo - Anipa.
• Abale - Satybaldy ndi Bulat.
• Mkazi - Sarah Alpysovna. Panopa mitu "Mwana" chikondi thumba.
• Mwana Dariga - phungu, kusudzulidwa; Ndi zina zotere - ndi zikugwira ntchito, lotsogoledwa ndi kampani ya zomangamanga "Elitstroy"; Dinara - ndi shareholder lalikulu la National Bank la Kazakhstan, zili $ biliyoni 1.3.
• Ife Nursultan 8 adzukulu ndi 2 zidzukulutudzi kale.

Maphunziro ndi oyambirira zaka

Ndi zaka 18 pamene ogwira ntchito. Mu 1960, pulezidenti tsogolo la Kazakhstan sukulu ntchito ku Dneprodzerzhinsk. Mu 1967 anamaliza makoleji ndi luso pa Karaganda zitsulo Phatikizani, ndi zapaderazi "zitsulo injiniya".

ntchito Early

Employment History Nazarbayev anayamba anira zomanga "Domenstroy", komwe anakagwira ntchito kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi - kuchokera 1960 1969. Choncho Nursultan anakwanitsa kuphatikiza ntchito ndi maphunziro. zinafuna wake zinaonedwa, ndipo mu 1969, Nazarbayev udayesedwa mutu wa zoyendera ndi dipatimenti m'mafakitale komiti Temirtau mzinda. Komanso, pulezidenti tsogolo kunditumiza ku ukapolo Komsomol ntchito. Management ankadziwa Nazarbayev zaka zingati, koma ngakhale mnyamatayu Nursultan wofotokozedwa malo ake mu Komsomol mlembi wa komiti. Kenako iye anayamba Council Regional ndi membala wa Komiti mzinda wa chipanichi.

Kuyambira 1973 mpaka 1984 iye anali Mlembi wa Nursultan. Ine gulu lokhali limene ntchito. Nazarbayev ntchito mu komiti dera chipani ndi komiti chipani ndi Zitsulo Works, ndipo ngakhale mu Party Communist.

Tauka ntchito

Inasintha ntchito yake anabwera mu 1980, pamene Nursultan anakhala kazembe Council Wamkulukulu. Mu udindo uwu, anagwira ntchito kwa zaka khumi. Nthawi imeneyi, Nazarbayev anabwera monga membala wa bungwe la Central Auditing wa CPSU ndipo anasonyeza wokha ngati munthu udindo ndi woyenera.

Makamaka zofunika tsogolo la mutsogoleli wa Kazakhstan anali mu 1984 anaikidwa wapampando wa Bungwe la nduna. boma ankadziwa Nazarbayev zaka zingati. Iye anali ndi zaka 44 zokha. Choncho, Nursultan Nazarbayev anakhala wamng'ono Nduna ya Republic.

Zaka zisanu zikubwerazi ntchito mwakhama kwakhululukidwa, ndi Nazarbayev anasankhidwa kazembe USSR. Mu zaka za m'ma 1989, anatula pansi Pulezidenti wa Msonkhano wa nduna, kutenga malo mlembi woyamba wa Party Communist cha Kazakhstan.

chigonjetso chachikulu

April 1990 linali tsiku losangalatsa kwambiri pa ntchito Nursultan. Iye anasankhidwa pulezidenti wa Chikazaki SSR. Chigonjetso anali kwambiri. Pa chisankhochi, iye yagoletsa peresenti 99 mwa 100. bwino anabwereza mu 1999, anakafika mphamvu zake pulezidenti kwa zaka 7. Mu 2005, Nazarbayev sanabwere pansi pa maudindo mwachizolowezi. Ndipotu anthu a Kazakhstan kamodzinso n'kumupatsa kanjedza. Pa chisankhochi oyambirira mu 2011 Nursultan Nazarbayev anali mpando ndi mavoti kwa nthawi chachinayi. Kotero, momwe Nazarbayev mphamvu pa nthawiyo? Mu July chaka chino zidzakhala chimodzimodzi 26 tsiku chisankho watsopano - December 2016.

umembala chipani

Pamaso kugwa kwa Soviet Union Nursultan Nazarbayev anali mu Party Communist. The Constitution la Republic of Kazakhstan pali nkhani, imene imaletsa mutu wa boma ndi za chipani kapena kutsogolera izo. Ngakhale izi, Nazarbayev anathandiza chipani "Nur Otan". Iye anatsogolera ake mu 2007, pamene malamulo inali kukonzedwa.

kutsutsa

Nursultan Nazarbayev kudzudzulidwa pa mfundo zazikulu zinayi: ufulu wa kulankhula, katangale, ndi mpatuko wa munthu ndi ufulu wa anthu. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

ufulu wolankhula

Mayiko bungwe "Atolankhani popanda Borders" mobwerezabwereza taonera kuyan'anila za ufulu wa kulankhula Kazakhstan. Muyezo wa ufulu wa kulankhula atolankhani ndi Ufulu nyumba amaika dziko pa 175 TH malo mwa 197. Anton Nosik (media wotsogolera "Live Journal") wotchedwa Letsani wa gwero ku Kazakhstan zikutanthauza theocracies obscurantist ndi olamulira ankhanza kwambiri. Ndipo zatchulidwazi "Atolankhani popanda Borders" anapanga Nazarbayev pa mndandanda wa "ogwirira" media, lomwe linasindikizidwa mu mayiko Press Freedom Tsiku.

chivundi

Transparency International mu 2004 kupereka Kazakhstan 122 TH m'dziko mawu ziphuphu. Chiwerengero cha anthu m'mayiko a mndandanda - 146 2.2 10 - kuti anali zigoli okwana Kazakhstan. Dziwani kuti ngati mphambu ali pansipa chiwerengero 3, izo zikusonyeza kukhalapo "ponseponse chibvundi" la dzikolo. Nursultan Nazarbayev analengeza otsiriza "nkhondo yopatulika", anapereka Ndondomeko ya mutu wakuti "10 odana ndi ziphuphu." Chikalatachi kuti lowani zingapo zoyezera kulimbana zodabwitsazi pa anthu onse ndi boma. Koma sikuti zayambitsa iliyonse. Kumapeto kwa 2013 Kazakhstan amagwa 140 TH malo.

zingapo NGOs mayiko Nazarbayev mlandu Boma kulenga maonekedwe a odana ndi ziphuphu. Ngakhale pulezidenti wa bungwe la European kwa Cooperation ndi Security mu 2010, Anthu ambiri a m'dzikoli ndi kunja kuti kuthetsa "wa chibvundi" ndi "molakwa ufulu wachibadwidwe" Boma la Kazakhstan pafupifupi sizipanga yesetsani kuchita chilichonse. Nazarbayev banja yokha akulimbirana mndandanda wa zofufuza mu kuphana, ziphuphu ndi mwachinyengo ndalama, wochitidwa ndi maboma ena.

"Kazakhgate" anali kwambiri wotchuka chivundi choncho Kazakhstan. Zonse zinayamba ndi chakuti mu 1999, atafufuza ku Switzerland atapanga angapo nkhani banki amene anali nduna Chikazaki pa echelons apamwamba mphamvu (kuphatikizapo Nazarbayev). Kunapezeka kuti ndalama kunditumiza ku nkhani zimenezi makampani mafuta US. Patapita chaka chimodzi, a United States anagwirizana kufufuza ndi chisanu ndi nkhani zingapo, mwini wake unali (malinga kopanda awo) Nursultan Nazarbayev. Kuchuluka okwana chuma inalandidwa anakwana $ 1 biliyoni. Mu 2007, Chikazaki akuluakulu waive zonena zonse ndalama, ndi 2010, US Department Justice anachoka milandu yonse Nazarbayev n'kutseka choncho.

Kulambira umunthu

atolankhani ambiri aona kuti kuli mwambo wa umunthu wa Nursultan Nazarbayev. Mu zaka zingapo zapitazi, ambiri Chikazaki akuluakulu ndi mamembala a osankhika kuthandiza mwakhama kukuchititsa zimenezi. Otsutsa amanena pulezidentiyo kuti dziko akhala akhali na mwambo wa umunthu Nazarbayev. Komabe, chipani Nursultan anzake kutsutsana. Palinso maganizo kuti, mu mwambo mwambo wa umunthu Nazarbayev "olakwa" ndi anthu.

ufulu wa anthu

Ku mawonedwe amasangalatsa omwe si a boma ndi boma ndi ufulu wa anthu ku Kazakhstan nthawizonse zakhala malo nkhawa. Malinga ndi kampani Ufulu House, omwe anachita kafukufuku pa dera la Kazakhstan, ufulu ndale mu dziko ndi mlingo - 6, ndi ufulu wa anthu - 5 (ntchito lonse kuchokera 1 mpaka 7, pamene nambala 1 - mlingo wapamwamba). Kuti ali, mu ulamuliro wa Nazarbayev anthu anazindikira "ufulu."

Wolemba mabuku

• "Panayambira wa Mtendere".
• "Popanda kumanzere ndi choyenera."
• "Njira Kazakhstan a".
• "Pa pakhomo la m'ma 21."
• "Kremlin akufa mapeto."
• "Mu mbiri otaya" neri Al.

wolemba nkhani

• "Tili zaka khumi".
• "The mbuye mwanzeru."
• "Pazachuma - palibe wololera zina."
• "Njira yothetsera mavuto Aral Nyanja dera."
• "The zinthu zatsopano, mabuleki akale."
• "Mmene kucheza: Issues ndi Zokumana".
• "Economy Kazakhstan akuti: Ubwino ndi Zenizeni"
• "Danga Eurasian: kukwaniritsidwa kwa kusakanikirana kuthekera" neri Al.

maudindo

Mu May 2010, akuluakulu a Majilis chinaperekedwa phukusi la ngongole kuti anapereka ngwazi za nkhaniyi udindo wa mtsogoleri wa fuko. zithandiza amagwira ntchito Nursultan mpaka mapeto a moyo sikudalira zaka zingati, Pulezidenti Nazarbayev tidzatenga malo ake. Izo ziri, ndi Mulimonsemo adzaloŵetsedwamo mu mgwirizano njira anayamba zokhudza mfundo zoweta ndi achilendo. Komanso, Nazarbayev iye ndi anthu onse a m'banja lake lidzakhala osapatsidwa udindo pa chigawenga.

Chithunzichi chikhalidwe

Mu 2011 anadza zithunzi zochepa zosonyeza chifanizo cha Pulezidenti Nursultan Nazarbayev. Awa, omvera anaphunzira za zaka zingati Nazarbayev (mutsogoleli wa Kazakhstan panopa '74), komanso kuphunzira za mphindi chifungulo cha mbiri yake. Ine ndikufuna kunena mawu ochepa za filimu "The Sky a ubwana wanga". Mufilimuyi limatiuza za ubwana wake ndi achinyamata Nazarbayev. Tionenso sewero "Teren tamyrlar" amene anadzipereka kuti patha zaka 20 za ufulu Kazakhstan a.

zokonda

Aliyense amadziwa zaka zambiri tsopano ndipo Nazarbayev amadabwa kuti mu m'badwo uno wa pulezidenti kwambiri amasewera gofu, tennis, ndipo amasangalala kutsetsereka.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• December 1, Kazakhstan kukondwerera tsiku lomwe mutsogoleli wadziko, amene igwera mu gulu maholide boma.
• Yoyezedwa Handelsblatt nyuzipepala, Nazarbayev ali pamwamba 10 olemera olamulira a dziko ndi maiko awo mphamvu zopanda malire. Ndi mwayi wa $ 1.1 biliyoni amadwala Nursultan Nazarbayev chikuchitika 10.
• Mu Chikazaki Wachifwamba Code ali nkhani kupereka chilango kwa kuukira pa moyo chilango mtsogoleri imfa dziko. Ndipo agwiritsidwa ngakhale kuyesa inatha mu kulephera.
• Mu Republic Chechen, Jordan ndi Turkey, dzina lake lapatsidwa kwa misewu ochepa.
• Ndi mmodzi wa akatswiri awiri a liwu loti ofesi. Izi zikutipatsa funso zomveka: "Kodi zaka zambiri kulamulidwa ndi Nazarbayev?" Yankho: zaka 26. Lembani anthu woyamba wa dziko la iye anapambana mu 1989. The chachiwiri nthawi yake - Islam Karimov (pulezidenti Uzbekistan).
• The chikhalidwe wamkulu wa Nazarbayev Fuko - $ 7 biliyoni.
• Ukraine, Turkey ndi Almaty ndi zipilala kwa iye.
• Mu 2013, webusaiti ya nyuzipepala "New York Times" kukhala mlingo wa olamulira choyipitsitsa cha Asia. Zinali Nursultan Nazarbayev. Ali ndi zaka zingati pulezidenti mu mphamvu ndi zimene kupambana zimatheka nthawi imeneyi, dziko lake, buku la sankasamala. Cholinga chachikulu chinali kukopa amaŵerenga.
• Mpikisano "Best Utsogoleri wa Chaka" kunachitidwa mu 2014 ku France pakati geopolitical phunziro za umbanda. Nursultan Nazarbayev chinachitika, kupindulira Mumauro 100.
• Mu February, 2014, Nazarbayev akufuna kuti Sinthani dzina mu Kazakhstan Kazak. Against maziko a devaluation ya ndalama ya dziko, kulengeza chikwiyire anachita wosanganiza m'deralo.