Ramon Mercader wakupha kapena ngwazi?

Kodi mungakonde mafilimu za wothandizila wapamwamba amene amachita utumwi chinsinsi, kuika miyoyo yawo? Ngati inde, ndiye nkhaniyi ndithudi inu mukufuna izo! Lerolino timaphunzira za mbiri ya Spanish kazitape amene anatchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. Zikomo chiyani? Werengani pansipa.

Kudziwana loyamba

dzina lonse la ngwazi wathu Jaime Ramon Mercader Del Rio, koma izi sizinamulepheretse kukhala kuwasindikiza Ramonom Ivanovichem Lopesom. Iye anali wothandizila chinsinsi cha Soviet Union mu Spain. Aliyense akudziwa kuti iyeyu wachimwira imfa Lva Trotskogo. Kuti zimenezi anali kupereka mutu wa Hero wa Soviet Union.

yonena

Ramon Mercader anabadwa m'nyengo yozizira ya 1913 anthu olemera wa tycoon amene anali sitima ku Barcelona. Dzina lake linali Pau Mercader ndipo iye anali Chikatalani. Childhood mnyamata unachitikira ku kholo limodzi banja: amake, Caridad anakula mmodzi, Cuba mwa kubadwa. Mayi ndi mwana sanaganize kufunika, koma anakhala padera ku France. Mu 1920s oyambirira, Ramon anasamukira ku Paris.

Tsogolo Hero wa Soviet Union, Merkader Ramon mnyamata anali mtsogoleri wa bungwe la Communist (Barcelona). Komabe, ntchito yake ndi zosiyana kotheratu boma, kotero mu 1953 mnyamata anamangidwa chifukwa propaganda chikominisi ndi kuikidwa m'ndende ku Valencia kwa miyezi ingapo. Kenako Ramon Mercader anatenga gawo mu Spanish Civil nkhondo. Iye anali kumbali Republican. Patapita nthawi, mnyamata anakhala lalikulu. Amadziwika kuti Ramon anali nawo nkhondo wamagazi wa Guadalajara.

nkhani wotchuka

Merkader Ramon, amene yonena wayamba chabe azipiringa mu mwauzimu chidwi, ndi kulembedwa ntchito ndi NKVD mu 1937. Ichi ndi chifukwa mayi ake Caridad, omwe unali nzeru wothandizira wa USSR. Posachedwa Nahumu Eitingon anakonza munthu ntchito yofunika - kuphedwa Lva Trotskogo. Pambuyo pake mu 1938, akufuna kulenga "Chachinayi Mayiko" anakhala mdani woopsa kwambiri dziko lonse. Boma Soviet anamuona ngati woukira maganizo Marxist. Mu 1929 Trotsky anachotsedwa Soviet Union, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu makirediti nzika. Chabwino, mwinamwake, analowa mzere, mtanda kuti sikuthandiza.

Mu kugwa kwa 1939 Ramon Mercader anapita ku New York ndi pasipoti Canada m'dzina la F. Jackson. Pansi pa dzina ili iye kufupi ndi S. Ageloff, yemwe anali mnzake wapamtima wa Trotsky. Posachedwa Mercader amapita ku Mexico, poganiza kuti ndikhudze ena zokhudza kayendetsedwe ka bizinesi. nthawi yonse iyi imathandiza nthumwi Eitingon. Ramon S. Ageloff atakhutira kusuntha naye. Umayamba akazitape pa Trotsky ndi banja lake.

M'chaka cha 1940 iye anasintha dzina la wothandizila ndi wobwezera Jacques Mornar. Mothandizidwa ndi S. Ageloff wamaliza timudziwe bwino Trotsky. Mkango achinyamata izo, chifukwa thandizo chonse maganizo ake. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Ramon ndi kuzitikita mu chikhulupiliro Trotsky, kotero kuti kudza kwa iye ndi maulendo wochezeka. August masana Zhak Mornar amapita kuona bwenzi lake, kusonyeza Nkhani latsopano. Pa nthawiyi Trotsky angachite zowerengera, Mornar wothandizila igunda mutu wake pa ayezi Sankhapo. Ramon Mercader anakantha kumbuyo kuchokera kumwamba poganiza kuti Trotsky adzafa mofulumira ndipo mwakachetechete. Komabe, Leo anakomoka, ndi imalira adagwa wakupha wake. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa nthawi yomweyo analamula asilikali ake kuti aphe Ramon. Iye kukwapulidwa koma adzasiyidwa wamoyo. Komabe pafupifupi 24 maola Leon Trotsky anakhala kenako anamwalira ndi bala kwambiri, amene anafika 7 cm.

mmangeni

Pamene akupitiriza yonena mwachidule? Ramon Mercader ndi kupolisiko, koma anakana kupereka umboni uliwonse. Mu nyuzipepala Soviet analemba kuti Trotsky wakupha anadzidziŵikitsa Jean Morgan Vandendraynom - mnzanu wapamtima aphedwe. Ndithu nthawi yaitali, Ramon anali pansi kufufuza. Iwo ankakayikira, kuyesera kupeza choonadi. Komanso, iye anali kuzunzidwa ndi kukwapulidwa. Patapita nthawi, popanda kukwaniritsa zotsatira ankafunila, Ramona wotembenuka m'ndende ndi mode zofewa. Mlandu wa munthu zikuchitika mu Mexico. Mercader ali m'ndende kwa zaka 20, yomwe inali nthawi pazipita malamulo Mexico.

NKVD wothandizila m'ndende boma kwa zaka 20. Mu 1960 iye anamasulidwa ndipo anatumizidwa ku Cuba, kumene mobisa anatengedwa kupita ku Soviet Union. May 31, 1960 Ramon analandira udindo wa Hero wa Soviet Union. Komanso, iye anali kupereka n'kulandira mendulo "Gold Star" ndi dongosolo la Lenin. Zonsezi analandira payekha payekha Aleksandra Shelepina - mutu wa KGB. Ramon analandira zinayi chipinda kanyumba ndi nyumba. Posachedwa anasamukira ku Cuba, komwe anakagwira ntchito kwa nthawi mlangizi Nduna ya za okhonda. Mu 1978, Ramon Mercader anafa sarcoma.

chikhalidwe

Activities Ramon Mercader analanda mafilimu a kanema. A okwana mafilimu anayi pa machitidwe ake anali anajambula. The tepi woyamba "Nkhondo Trotsky" chinatha mu 1972. Udindo waukulu mu filimu ankaimba ndi Alain Delon. Mu 1993, a Russian filimu "The Trotsky" inajambulidwa, kumene Mercader ankaimba V. Razbegaev. Mu 2002, Achimereka analenga kanema "Frida," limene kuchimwa waukulu ankaimba A. Zavala Kugler. Mu 2010, Russia anaonekera pa mndandanda TV lotchedwa "Kumenyana".