Valeriya Novodvorskaya: chifukwa cha imfa. Kuyambira ndi nthawi imene anamwalira Valeriya Ilinichna Novodvorskaya?

N'zovuta amanena kuti imfa ya Valerii Novodvorskoy, amene analengeza pa July 12, ali kwambiri anasintha muyezo wa asilikali ndale la Russia. Novodvorskaja anafa mu Moscow mzinda kuchipatala nambala 13, wazunguliridwa ndi madokotala. Sungani ake sakanakhoza, kutupa wapita patali, ndi msinkhu ndi moyo subala chilonda machiritso, imene zina, n'kutheka oopsa. Amanena za kuchotsa kupondeleza mdani woopsa ndale sanakhale wina. Pakuti Mabaibulo awa analibe chifukwa. Chifukwa cha imfa analengeza Valerii Novodvorskoy yomweyo. Zinali phazi abscess.

Wofatsa ndi wolimba

Inde, sananene kuti nyenyezi kuwatsogolera Zikuoneka okhutira ali ndi malo amene amateteza ufulu kulengeza maganizo awo, pakalibe udindo pa aliyense. Komabe, ufulu kutero kunali kofunika kupeza, kupambana kapena akuvutika. Axamwali, amene anali Khakamada, Borovoy, Nemtsov, Ryzhkov ndi nthumwi zina za ndale osankhika Yeltsin nyengo anaitcha chikondi ndi mzimu wa mwana, bessrebrenitsey, wamphamvu wosakhwima ndi woonda kwambiri munthu, osati ndikuiwala wapadera kutchula mtima verging pa kusasamala. Other anthu zochepa wochezeka, Pokumbukira za antics lake, chodzaza ndi choipitsitsa, nthawi zambiri grotesque ndi kupusa, si zabwino. Kwambiri maganizo umunthu anali Novodvorskaja. Chifukwa imfa, mbiri, ntchito ndale adzakhala mwachidule pansipa. Ziwerengero aliyense, basi mfundo. Ndipo angapo mfundo.

USSR mu mochedwa 60

Moscow mu theka lachiwiri la zaka zao za sikisite lapansi. Kuseri kwa mbiri theka m'zaka za Soviet Union. Mu likulu, kuchuluka wachibale wa katundu kuti darkens anawazunza alendo, kugula chilichonse, ndipo nthawizina kuzindikira kuti kanthu panayima mzere wautali kamodzi kokha pa kauntala. Atapita ndi mantha ofiira ndi wamagazi nkhondo, ndi Stalin misa kupondereza anthu, ndi voluntarism Nikita Sergeyevich. Dziko ndi wolimba, izo lagawidwa "magulu a kapezedwe", ndipo aliyense wa anthu awa ntchito mlingo wa wosangalala zofuna, amene adzaika pamwamba. Anthu kukhala chete, ndi wowopsa "chidaliro kutsogoloku" - osati mawu okha, koma zenizeni. No ulova, koma pali mwayi wosankha kotsimikizika pakati pa injiniya ochepa Malipiro kapena mphunzitsi, ndi apamwamba mitengo tariff omanga kapena ogwira ntchito kwambiri aluso. pulogalamu Daily "Time" akunena azilandira ndi kupata kuyenda kwa m'tsogolo. Ambiri amakhulupirira okayikira ndi chete. Ndipo pakati idyll izi zonse mwadzidzidzi chikuyenda. Kodi iwo akufuna? Iwowa ndi ndani? Pamene anafika ku moyo woterowo? Kodi iwo alibe?

otsutsa

Vladimir Bukovsky, Union dissident amene nthawi zambiri mu zipatala apadera. Ayi, iye sanali kuzunzidwa sarcoma kapena zina matenda aakulu. Madokotala n'kuyesa kulipangitsa "wamphamvu" (kutanthauza zonse kukhuta), choncho pansi chithandizo mokakamizidwa mu zipatala bongo. Iye akhapidziwa kuti ngati munthu sakonda sosholisimu, chinachake mutu wake si chabwino. Mu chilungamo Bukovsky yekha anavomereza kuti pakati pa otsutsa linali zambiri wopenga. Kumayambiriro kwa makumi asanu ndi awiri mphamvu ya Party Communist zinkawoneka amphamvu ndi unshakeable kuti adziwukira kuti munthu wabwinobwino, monga ulamuliro, sanayese n'komwe. Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani? Mumamva moyo dzina la Soviet anthu sanali, mapindu ena ambiri nzika za USSR sanaone, ndipo ngati mfundo za "capitalist paradise" ndi seeped pansi pa "nsaru chitsulo", iye amachita alibe kukhulupirira, kukhulupirira kuti kuwonjezera pa mitundu yambiri ya masoseji, palinso ena a ndalama. Mwa njira imeneyi, iwo ali ngati mbiri yasonyeza, iwo anali kulondola.

Koma otsutsa anali akadali. Iwo anaika.

"Azungu" mu USSR

munthu Russian umafuna categorical. Zikuoneka mu kuzindikira mfundo muyeso wa chodabwitsa chilichonse ndi kusalabadira pafupifupi lathunthu limati wapakatikati. Ngati dziko lathu izo siziri choncho, ngati tikufuna, ndiye kunja losiyana. Mu zikhalidwe za kuzindikira chosakwanira ndi mmodzi ndiye amaganiza za miyoyo ya anthu m'mayiko a Azungu mwakula mibadwo osachepera awiri a anthu Soviet amene akukhulupirira kuti ngati ife kutsutsa bizinesi, izo zikutanthauza kuti iye ndi dongosolo langwiro chikhalidwe. Iwo ankaganizira kwambiri ndi anthu, ndi malipiro chilungamo, ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu, ndipo ufulu wa munthu. Ndipo mutu wa kuwala sitima mphamvu nkhope ya United States. Pamaso pa maganizo ena aliwonse mu gawo lina la anthu Soviet anatanthauza a nomenclature chipani, mogwirizana ndi KGB kapena monga opusa. Kusakhutira ndi moyo mu zonse Soviet Union American imatengedwa zabwino, ndi zonse zoipa Soviet. Ndipotu, zodabwitsazi wakhala galasi chifaniziro cha agitprop Soviet, zosiyana. kuwazunzawo anthu ndi wosakhazikika maganizo zambiri. ena onse ndafuna mwanjira kusintha podziwa umboni boma mzere ndale, koma kulekerera iwo monga zoipa kutero.

mtengo banja

Valeriya Novodvorskaya anamwalira ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi. Iye anabadwa mu nyengo pozdnestalinskuyu mu 1950, m'tauni ya Baranovichi (Belarus). Banja sanali chizolowezi, kuti angatchedwe chabwino. Bakha - achikomyunizimu. Bambo ntchito monga injiniya. Patatha zaka makumi awiri kapena atatu, ali kanthu wapadera sakanati taonera, koma mu 1950 kukhalako kwa bambo moyo chokha chinali chimwemwe kuti sankadziwa ana ochuluka kwambiri Soviet. Zaka zisanu zapitazo mapeto a nkhondo yoopsayo m'mbiri ya dziko. Amayi Valerie anali dokotala.

majini chosintha anali adzabereka yonse yochepetsetsa ya thupi la Valeria. Great-agogo anali Smolensk sotsdekom agogo - woyamba pamahatchi Army Budenny. Tinali mu banja ndi mafanizo ena otchuka - kazembe pamene Andrew Kurbsky ndipo ngakhale Knight a Malta, osachepera iye ananena choncho Novodvorskaja.

Banja banjali kuyendera agogo pamene kubadwa zinachitika. History silinatchulenso zifukwa, koma kunapezeka kuti maphunziro a atsikana chinkhoswe makamaka agogo. Makolo Zikuoneka kuti wotanganidwa kwambiri.

maphunziro

Kukula munthu m'dziko limene predominated okwana collectivism, zinali zovuta kwambiri. Akulankhula za munthu kwambiri, pafupifupi mtolankhani ali kwambiri ndi chakuti "iye anali monga munthu wina aliyense." Sikuti zizigwirizana choonadi, koma mawu akuti wakhala wamba zolembalemba cliche. ndi leitmotif onse a moyo ndipo ngakhale chifukwa cha imfa Valerii Novodvorskoy kunena kuti "ngati wina aliyense" sanafune kukhala mwana. chifuniro Chake ndi kukhala zaka ozindikira, ndipo mu zaka zisanu, agogo kuwerenga. Silver Mendulo kuwonjezera pa dipuloma sukulu limasonyeza kanthu za ntchito yawo chifukwa pabvomelezo la munthu mwa zofunika kuti akhala omasuka. Phunzirani ku French ndi German, luso kuwerenga zilankhulo zina zingapo - chifukwa cha khama. Siyense maphunziro a luso la zilankhulo angasonyeze zimenezo.

kuyamba kumenyana

Kuyang'ana zithunzi za Valerii Novodvorskoy, anapangidwa nineties ndi chiyambi cha lachitatu Zakachikwi, n'zovuta kulingalira kuti iye anali msungwana wokongola wa zaka naintini, koma izo nzoona. Quality zithunzi ndi laling'ono, koma kuti apulumuka, akhoza adzaweruzidwa kuti mandala zikuwoneka osangoti wophunzira wokongola, wochenjera ndipo olimba munthu. chithumwa Personal zikuoneka kuti Mbali yaikulu kwachititsa chakuti Valerie anatha kukopa achinyamata kuti analenga bwalo mobisa, omwe amagwira ntchito - kenanso ndi chimodzimodzi - zipolowe zida kulanda boma chikominisi. Ngati izi zachitika m'zaka zingapo zapitazo, imfa inafikira Novodvorskaia yomweyo, pambuyo mayeso mwachidule. Mu 1969, mphamvu Soviet anali uweme.

kupusa choyamba

Naintini wokongola mtsikana Tinkagawa zolembedwa pamanja za ndakatulo zake. "Kodi wokondeka!" - ife tikanati lero. Ndiyeno, mu 1969, pamene andakatulo anali mafano, zomwe zinaposa lero soda ndi thanthwe nyenyezi, Kuzindikira kuti izo sizinali zodabwitsa. Ngati si zinthu ziwiri. Choyamba, ndakatulo anali wotsutsa-Soviet ndi kuwasindikiza gulu, kunyozedwa chifukwa cha udani ake, manyazi, chidzudzulo ndi zochitika zina mtumiki. Kachiwiri, yogawa zinachitika mu Kremlin Palace ya Congresses, ndi pa Tsiku la malamulo a dziko la USSR. Pa zinthu izi Novodvorskaya kuletsa basi sanakhoze. Ndiye malingaliro kuti iye si kugwira ndithu. Pambuyo iye anauza anzake KGB Duntsu, katswiri wamkulu wa Institute Chisebiya, kuti kwenikweni amagwira ntchito ku Gestapo, matenda ankaona kuti liyambe.

Chithandizo Kazan

zaka ziwiri, wodwalayo woyesedwa pa Kazan kuchipatala Psychiatric ku lodana ndi akuchita misala (indolent). Akuluakulu anali ndi mwayi wonse kupewa zotsatira m'ndende Mwachitsanzo, kuzindikira odwala osachiritsika. Ndipo kunali kotheka kwa chabe kubweretsa izo kwa kutopa. Kapena kuti kuonedwa kuti deti la imfa sanali Novodvorskaia kenako Mwachitsanzo, 1972. Baibulo limeneli ngati inu tengani chikhalidwe kwambiri mwankhanza kwa dissident ulamuliro wa chikominisi. Maumboni Komabe, zinthu wamakani.

Monga tsoka sindikanafuna Novodvorskaja iye anafa mu chipatala cha amisala. Anapulumuka. Kuti mudziwe mmene kukakamiza mankhwala zinamusokoneza, ife tikhoza ndikulingalira. Amadziwika yekha kuti mzimu kumenyana sanataye.

Pambuyo pa kutha kwa chipatala Psychiatric (1972), makumi awiri Valery Ilinichna ndiye anayambiranso bizinesi oletsedwa. Anagawira kusindikizidwa zipangizo kudziletsa lofalitsidwa ndi imodzi ntchito mu chipatala chaching'ono kwa mphunzitsi ana. Mmodzi zodabwitsa kusasamala "wa KGB alonda" amene anachita posachedwapa ntchito pedagogical wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo. Komabe, Novodvorskaja ntchito kumeneko kwa nthawi yaitali, zaka ziwiri zokha.

The intertemporal

Zaka khumi ndi zisanu lotsatira VI Novodvorskaja kumenyana chikominisi, kugwiritsa ntchito njira za Bolshevik mobisa. Iye maphunziro Moscow Pedagogical Institute. Krupskaya (1977), ndinapeza ntchito yomasulira ku Chachiwiri Medical. Ndipo musatisiye anayesa kulanda wosakondedwayo mphamvu Soviet kudzera chiwembu. Iwo mobwerezabwereza yatsekeredwa, anagwidwa ndi ankachitira. mayesero atatu sanali zimabweretsa m'ndende ndende, bungwe ndi zitsanzo wake ndi misonkhano adabalalitsidwa. Mwina zionetsero anali pansi kupondereza kwambiri ndi Novodvorskaja anabalalitsa ndalama ndi chamankhwala. Pa m'firiji pamtunda Gorbachev ndi kotheka pafupifupi chilichonse, ngakhale chipongwe mwachindunji pulezidenti ndi Soviet Union mbendera. Pambuyo mapangidwe Chiyukireniya mpingo autocephalous omwe ndi cholinga ndi kugawanika ndi tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox, Novodvorskaja anabatizidwa ndipo anakhala parishioner wa Chiyukireniya Orthodox Church Kiev Orthodox. Iye anachita izo, zikuoneka mu Zionetsero ndi tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox.

Osauka popanda kudziteteza?

Kusowa chidwi akuluakulu chipongwe oppositionist. Iye sali ngati zofunika ndale mlingo, monga mfundo za ngozi zake osankhika akulamulira. Pa dzanja limodzi, umabweretsa moyo ena kusapeza, koma ena - amapereka kudziona kuti ndi ofunika. Nkhondoyi n'zomveka. Chifukwa cha imfa Valerii Novodvorskoy monga mfundo sanali mu chisankho ang'ono ndi khalidwe wamba kwa akuluakulu a boma. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, nthawi zambiri anadandaula pa wailesi "Echo wa Moscow" ndi zinthu zina pa kusadziwa misa waukulu zolinga wowala wa demokalase. Mu maganizo ake, anthu Russian si okhwima zokwanira kumvetsa ufulu weniweni. Panthawiyi iye analota kuti mu Russia iwo anali "mu West." Novodvorskaja anamwalira, ndipo sanakhale moyo mpaka kuphedwa chilakolako wake wokondedwa.

Russophobia ndi zina zoseketsa zinthu

Sovietism pang'onopang'ono n'kukhala Russophobia. Pa mikangano yonse akuwuka pa nyengo pambuyo Soviet, Novodvorskaja anatenga malo defeatist, kubwereza zinachitikira iye anamuda Bolsheviks pa First World nkhondo.

Chodziwika ndi zinthu azithunzithunzi. wandale Female pafupi ndi titanyamula zikwangwani ina imene anali olembedwa: "Ndinu opusa onse ndipo si ankachitira, chimodzi ine ndiri wochenjera mu malaya woyera ataima wokongola", ndiye kuvala t-sheti ndi maganizo akuti: "Musalole Russian." Mwa njira, mankhwala ayenera si wopusa, ndi odwala. Zimenezi ziyenera kudziwika Valeriya Novodvorskaya.

Chifukwa cha imfa - kusungulumwa

otsutsa Soviet sanathe kudandaula kupanda chidwi kwa gawo lake la thanzi boma. Atsimikiza mu chipatala cha amisala, ngakhale pamene iwo sakufuna.

Iye anafa chifukwa chithandizo zosayenera ndi Izitu n'zovutitsa la tsoka Novodvorskaja. Ayi, si akudwala misala. Ndipo madokotala pano kochita ndi izo, kuti iwo thandizo sagwiritsa ntchito mpaka pamapeto. Ndiye n'chifukwa Novodvorskaja anamwalira, zambiri prosaic. Valeria Ilinichna miyezi isanu ndi umodzi imfa yake isanachitike, opweteka mwendo. Iye anali kuyesera kuti kudzichiza lokha, sanapite kwa dokotala, panali kutupa, zomwe wakula mu sepsis, amatchedwanso (kale, pamaso pa nthawi ya chuma mbiri) poyizoni m'magazi. Kusowa chidwi yokha onse Novodvorskaja. Chifukwa cha imfa ndi chotheka mu mzinda wamakono. Mu Moscow, pali mabungwe ambiri zachipatala, amene adzakhala athe kuthandizapo Katswiri. Ndi losavuta kuchipatala chigawo dokotala akanachitiranso chilonda ndi chidwi onse, ngati kuti anatembenuka Novodvorskaja. Chifukwa cha imfa Komabe, osati cellulitis, komanso mu kusungulumwa yosavuta anthu. Panalibe munthu amene akanati analimbikira paulendo kwa dokotala sakanachitira mwina mkazi penapake eccentric amathera maola ochepa pa yokha, ngakhale moyo wa masewera wina motetezera "kukwiya" Russia Ukraine.

Ena amadziona "opambana wazamalonda" ndi "odziwika wandale," Konstantin Borovoy. About Novodvorskaia imfa ndi masiku otsiriza a zochitika za moyo wake, iye anauza atolankhani, musaiwale mwachindunji kuti bwenzi lake wasankha zakudya, zimene iye akanakhoza kuyima. Mu buku lake, iye ali wolakwa wa imfa yake, pafupi mofanana ndi anthu a Odessa, watentha Nyumba ya Trade okhaokha, omwe ndi abwenzi zosangalatsa analankhula pa mlengalenga pamodzi chakachi tsokalo.

Mwina chifukwa cha imfa ya Valerii Novodvorskoy si mu kusalabadira thanzi lawo, ndi palokha, mu nkhani iyi - kafukufuku. Ambiri mwina, ndi dissident ogwetsa kuzindikira kupanda pake ndi irrelevance. Ndipo nthawizina izo zinkawoneka kuti antics wake iye si zimaphunzitsa owolowa manja, koma amaipidwa ndi adopters ake oyembekezeka.

World phulusa lake.