The lamanzere ndi lamanja-phiko maphwando: kusiyana ndi kufanana M'zikhulupiriro

M'zaka zapitazi, pambuyo nyumba iliyonse zidawala "buluu chophimba", uthenga padziko lonse sukupita popanda kutchula ya phiko kumanzere kwa Bundestag, kapena mu yamalamulo French. Mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi ndondomeko? Mu Soviet Union, zinaonekeratu kuti kumanzere - ndi otsatira zokomera onse, ndi bwino M'malo mwake, ali mokomera capitalists ndi mawonetseredwe awo kwambiri - Nazi iwo nawonso National Socialists, chipani cha wamba ngati ogulitsa malonda ndi bourgeois. Lero zinthu zasintha, ndipo onse anaonekera pafupifupi maiko onse amene anatuluka kugwa kwa USSR. Onse anasiya ndi bwino-phiko maphwando chichitike mu gawo lina holo ya nyumba yamalamulo nthawi zina zotsutsana ndi zina kwathunthu kuvota ichitikire, komanso centrists nazo.

Kodi "chabwino" ndipo "anasiya"?

zaka zoposa ziwiri zapitazo bingu French kuukira boma kuti nagubuduza mafumu ndi kukhazikitsa Republican boma. The "Marseillaise", omwe anakhala fuko, pali mawu akuti "ankaikonda kwa nyali" - m'lingaliro ndi omangika pa khosi lake. Koma demokalase ndi demokalase, ndi phungu ku malo ankhanza anali atakhala pansi mu holo yaikulu ya National Assembly, ndi kuti panalibe skirmishes pakati pawo, ndiye m'magulumagulu. Ndi momwemo chinachitika kuti Jacobins mwasankha malo kumanzere (Gauche), pamene adani awo - Girondins - pa mwake (Droit). Kuyambira pamenepo zinachitikadi kuti magulu a ndale kusintha kwakukulu kwa moyo chikhalidwe, kukhala kumanzere. Ndi bwino kuti, chikominisi anadzitcha kuti, yokwanira kumbukirani "Kumanzere March" Mayakovsky. Kumanja phiko zipani imani zosiyana, monga ngati ali osafuna kusintha.

A pang'ono mbiri ya makono, kapena kumanzere amakhala ndi ufulu

Mu mawu kukonza zinthu antchito zopangira, nthawi zambiri kudza atsogoleri amene anabweretsa anthu awo m'mavuto. Wokwanira kukumbukira German Chancellor Adolf Hitler analengeza National Socialism. Pa yolimbirana utsogoleri, iye analonjeza adzaponye chisanko madalitso ambiri, kuphatikizapo ndalama yapamwamba ndi chilungamo, Kulipira manyazi kwa Germany Pangano la Versailles, ntchito kwa aliyense, chimatsimikizira chikhalidwe. Kukhala awo, chinthu choyamba Hitler ankachitira zinthu ndi otsutsa ndale - kumanzere Democrats Social ndi achikomyunizimu zomwe pang'ono kuwonongedwa thupi, ndi "reforge" mu ndende. Choncho adakhala bwino, kenako ku ukapolo Albert Einstein asatipangiza kuti pyonsene ndi wachibale.

Chitsanzo china. L. D. Trotsky anali "nayenso anasiya" ngakhale V. I. Lenina. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mtsogoleri wa proletariat dziko zinali zolondola. Monga Kuganizira asilikali ntchito pa nthawi imene inkaoneka kwambiri mwankhanza, ngakhale ziri Marxist. Mkulu chimanjamanja Lva Davidovicha mopepuka uja, nakonza, anapereka malangizo wochezeka.

Koma kuti ndi mbiri onse tsopano yaitali overdue. Ndipo chikuchitika ndi lamanzere ndi maphwando bwino-phiko lero?

Chisokonezo Masiku Europe

Ngati pamaso 1991 zinaonekeratu, osachepera kwa ife, pa zaka ziwiri zapitazi, ndi tanthauzo la "pravosti" ndale anali tugovato. The levacheskimi Democrats Social, mwamwambo ankaona, mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Ulaya chabe amawononga zinthu zimene posachedwapa zikanakhala zachilendo adani awo, ndi mosemphanitsa. Ikulu udindo kudziwa njira andale masewero populism (makamaka pa nthawi ya chisankho), kwa moyo wa nsanja chikhalidwe.

Kumanzere-phiko ndale, ndicho olekerera, anakuvoterani mokomera kupereka chithandizo kwa Greece, amene si zogwirizana ndi malo ananena pa kusintha kwa lamulo la chikhalidwe la anthu awo. Pali Komabe, ndipo mogwirizana ndi ulemu kwa odana Fascism. The Party Kumanzere la Germany ndi mobwerezabwereza mwa mkamwa mwa maguluwo wake zotsutsana ndi malamulo a chithandizo Merkel wa Chiyukireniya mphamvu mtundu, kukangana ambiri odana ndi Ayuda ndi Russophobic mawu a zokamba za atsogoleri a "gawo bwino" ndi kucheza "Ufulu".

Mavuto azachuma ali kukula zinthu. Panopa European maphwando lamanzere ndi lamanja-phiko m'njira zambiri zasintha maudindo, pokhalabe umodzi kuonekera zonse zimene zikukhudzana ndi malonjezo kusintha miyezo ya moyo wa nzika zawo.

"Kumanja phiko" maudindo mu USSR kale

Zoyambazo Soviet Union kutanthauzira lathu pa ndale, "ndi kadinala" onse wofanana monga Soviet Union. Kumanja phiko maphwando mu Russia ndi m'mayiko ena akale "mayiko ufulu" akusonyeza mu zolemba pulogalamu awo zolinga, limene, mogwirizana ndi atsogoleri awo, ayenera kuyesetsa anthu, akuti:

- Kumangidwa kwa anthu moona capitalist;

- wathunthu ufulu entrepreneurship;

- kuchepetsa katundu msonkho;

- kwathunthu akatswiri ankhondo;

- pakalibe kufufuza;

- kuphatikiza mphamvu dziko (kuwerenga: Western) nkhani zachuma, zomwe panopa akukumana chaukali zokhudza zonse mavuto.

- ufulu wochita, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa osiyanasiyana lonse la zoletsa kuti "kofunafuna" kuti "ulamuliro sanali demokalase." Oimira wolimba mtima wa mapiko bwino kulengeza "mfundo European" mpaka Kukwezeleza akuwakonda.

Zosiyanasiyana "rightism" Zamoyo

Komabe, akulamulira Russian chipani "United Russia" limanenanso phiko aphungu, chifukwa kuthandiza chitukuko ubale msika. Kuwonjezera izo, mu bokosi bwino simungakhoze kuchita popanda "Kugwirizana ndi Lathu", "Union of Mphamvu Yake", "Apple", "Party Ufulu Economic", "Russia Kusankha", ndi zina zambiri mayanjano anthu, ataima pa udindo wa liberalization a mitundu yonse ubale.

Choncho, pakhoza kukhala zotsutsana ake mu msasa wa zipani njira imodzi, nthawi zina kwambiri.

Monga kulimbikitsa ndi Kumanzere

Anatinso kumanzere mapiko a chipani mokomera chitsitsimutso cha zomwe lamadyerero. Ndi anthu monga:

- Ndalama za gulu la thanzi komanso maphunziro omwe ayenera kukhala kwaulere kwa anthu;

- Ban kugulitsa malo nzika yachilendo;

- boma kukonzekera ndi kulamulira mapulogalamu onse ofunika;

- kukula kwa gawo dziko la chuma, mu abwino ndi - zoletsedwa kotheratu ogwira ntchito payekha

- azimai fraternity ndi ena.

The Party Kumanzere la Russia anapereka vanguard - Gulu Communist (Ndipotu magulu awiri, ndipo Zyuganov Anpilova), komanso othandizana nawo awo, "dziko lawo la Russia", "agrarian", "statists National" ndi mabungwe angapo. Kuwonjezera pa nostalgic ntchito zokomera akale, iwo nthawizina amaika patsogolo njira zothandiza kwambiri komanso chanzeru.

lamulo Chiyukireniya

Ngati mu Europe ndi chimakuvutani kumvetsa chokhuzana lathu, ndiye pa (kapena) Ukraine kuli kovuta kuchita. Za bizinesi, sosholisimu, liberalism kapena umwini njira zofunika kupanga pano zilibe kupita. Waukulu kudziwa imayambitsa kumasulira zolinga za ndale ndi chuma pa nthawi yomweyo ndipo zokhudzana Russia, zomwe bwino-phiko maphwando mu Ukraine imatengedwa dziko ankhanza kwambiri. European kusankha - ndi chinthu chimodzi chimene iwo alibe chisoni chilichonse: palibe zotsala amakampani mafakitale komanso kumvera kapena anthu awo. The apotheosis wa kukuchititsa zimenezi ndale zoweta anali wotchuka "Maidan", mwina sukhalitsa. Otchedwa "ca mabungwe odziimira Kumanja", pamodzi ndi kopitilira muyeso-nyumba zina, inasanduka gulu paramilitary amene ndi wokonzeka kuchita ntchito zapachiweniweni.

The Kumanzere ku Ukraine

Chiyukireniya left- ndi bwino-phiko zipani zonse akutsutsana. Pa kuli lonse la boma wodzilamulira mu mphamvu panali mbali chabe ya kusintha msika, amene Komabe, kutanthauziridwa mu achirendo kwambiri. Komabe, "Kumanzere Bloc", wopangidwa mwa Nazi, awoawo, koma mwapang'onopang'ono, onse-Chiyukireniya Party wa anyabasa, ndipo, ndithudi, achikomyunizimu adali mu chitsutso. Zimenezi, pa dzanja limodzi, ndi yabwino, chifukwa kupanda udindo zimene zikuchitika m'dzikoli, pa dzanja zina zikusonyeza kuti zolinga za Marxism chotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu sagwiritsa ntchito. Ndipotu, chikominisi, ifenso ku Russia. kusiyana ndi wina, koma n'kofunika. Masiku ano Chiyukireniya aphungu kumanzere - yekha chitsutso mgwirizano, ankatsutsa boma aukali mtundu.

ndi amene lamanja, koma wina kumanzere

Choncho, kumvetsetsa "leftism" ndi "rightism" mu dziko Western ndi mayiko pambuyo Soviet zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri. Panopa Chiyukireniya "pravoseki" angathe kulanga nzika amene amadzinenera kuti muvale Chigonjetso Tsiku pa nkono wa St. George riboni, kulalikira "Odzipatula" ndi "Colorado", ndipo ngati ndalama kutsekeka mawu, si njira koipa.

Choncho, aliyense basi m'gulu kumanzere, mosasamala kanthu za ubale wao ndi maganizo a chilengedwe chilungamo chikhalidwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo, European lamanzere ndi lamanja maphwando amasiyana okha mitundu a mbendera chipani, mfundo zina za pulogalamu ndi mayina.