Ndi amene ndi anarchist ndi zimene iye amafuna?

The mzaka zana makumi awiri anali nthawi ya chitukuko mfundo zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe, kusonyeza chilakolako cha kuganiza mamembala a anthu kusintha anzathu. Malinga kwa anzeru kwambiri, aluso, ndipo nthawizina wamba townsfolk, anthu wafika ku mapeto akufa wa chitukuko linanena bungwe la chomwe chimayimira munthu wophweka, ndi munthu - kovuta.

anzeru kwambiri anali agwirizana kuti asapita pakati pa anthu a m'gulu, zochokera makamaka pa kukakamizidwa ndi zinthu zofuna, wopita ku alibe wa anthu. Chopinga ena zigawo zina za anthu zidzachitika bola ngati boma alipo, ndi ntchito ndi kupewa zinthu ubale chofunika ndalama, - amene anali mu umodzi Democrats Social ndi Marxists.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma zatchuka kwambiri paradoxical ndi kwakukulu maganizo, makamaka amene anaitana kuwonongedwa kwa muzu wa zoyipa zonse - mphamvu yokha, m'kukoma dongosolo anthu chikhalidwe.

Mawu "chisokonezo" limapereka chithunzithunzi cha amene ndi anarchist. Ndi manambala oyambirira "paulendo" mu chigriki limafanana Russian "ayi" kapena "ayi" ndi "arhie" amatanthauza mphamvu. Choncho munthu amene amakana kupangidwa kwa zaka kapangidwe masanjidwe wa kasamalidwe ka anthu, woimira ziribe kanthu momwe opondereza piramidi pamwamba pa amene ali mfumu, autocrat, wankhanza ufumuyo kapena pulezidenti demokalase osankhidwa.

Pa funso la amene ndi anarchist, anthu ambiri amene anakulira m'nthawi ya Soviet Union, ayenera kuyankha: "Choncho ndi Papandopulo" Wina Angamvetse za Nestor Makhno, amene fano aumbike mwa luso Kuzindikira zokomera, panalibe kucheperapo caricature. Mafotokozedwe ichi kukondera ku chiphunzitso cha chisokonezo ndi chitukuko ufulu wa umunthu yosavuta.

Chithunzi wamba ku Soviet filimu mbiri, nkhani zochitika za Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni: Anarchist wakuda mbendera ndi chiphiphiritso "Poipa Zedi - mayi dongosolo!" M'mwamba pamwamba khamu oponderezedwa. Pali amphamvu Bolshevik commissar amene akunyalanyaza kuopseza, patapita kulankhula mwachidule Umapeza kupambana maganizo. ndi anarchist, wa chikominisi wakumva ndi amatenga mbali wake ndi ndani? Kawirikawiri yatsekera, sindikudziwa kanthu za mfundo wamba, kusokonezedwa ndi zinkandisangalatsa pa malonjezano wokongola. Pambuyo Bolshevik anatsegula maso ake, pomwepo amapita ku Red Army.

Pakuti kufanana onse cholinga anauyamba "Manifesto Communist" ndipo mu chionongeko chomaliza cha boma, ndi Marxists ankanena kuti kumachitika chifukwa cha ulimi zokomera ndi kumanga wotsatira. M'mawu ena, yimitsira zida adzafa posachedwapa mphamvu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu pakati pa Russian Marxists mu dzina la Trotsky ndi Ulyanov (Lenin) kuchokera bakunintsev, kropotkintsev kapena Tolstoyans.

Ngati ambiri zochitika chikhalidwe, anarchism unagawidwa mumaganiza angapo. Ambiri a iwo kukhala ndi maganizo oyipa kwa chuma msika, koma ena ali pa nkhaniyi ndi maganizo osiyana. Funso ndani anarchist individualist ndi mmene kumasiyana ku anarchist-syndicalist kapena anarchist-chikominisi, muyezo waukulu ndi maganizo kwa chuma payekha.

Pa gawo pano m'mayiko ambiri pambuyo Soviet udindo wa boma kawirikawiri okha kutolera misonkho ndi kuteteza zofuna za otchedwa elites kulamulira. Popeza kapena wosaperewera muyeso wa ukutitsimikizira chikhalidwe, ndi wochititsa chifundo zotchinjiriza moyo, kulephera ndi kusafuna za akuluakulu a kuthana ndi mavuto amenewa chifukwa ziwalo za anthu ndi aakulu amakayikira phindu lawo. Izi zikachitika, ndiye m'modzi, ndiye dziko lina palokha anapanga mgwirizano wa n'ngopandukira. oyambitsa ake amadziŵa chiyembekezo otsika zandale kunachititsa gululi awo, koma nambala inayake ya mbali ya chisokonezo nthawi zonse. Monga ulamuliro, iwo zokhudzana ndi chisokonezo ngati zosatheka, koma loto wokongola.