Chikazaki SSR ndi mbiri ya chilengedwe chake

Modern Kazakhstan ndi waukulu ndi malo pambuyo Russia ndi limodzi la mayiko ambiri olemera wa CIS. kuloŵedwa lake anali ndi mabwalo a Soviet Union - ndi Chikazaki SSR. Mbiri ya maphunziro onse nthawi yomweyo olumikizidwa kwa Soviet kale wamba ndi zenizeni amakono a Kazakhstan. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa izo kupyolera mu prism wa zaka zapitazi.

prehistory

Koma kuti aone zimene njira zinachititsa kuti zikamera wa maphunziro oonekera ngati Chikazaki Soviet Socialist Republic, tiyenera kubwerera ndi zaka zingapo zapitazo, kuti mizu ya statehood wa Kazakhs.

Magwero a Chikazaki statehood amatanthauza nthawi ya kugwa kwa Golden gulu ndi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa zochokera mabwinja ake ndi Chiuzibeki Khanate wa Chikazaki horde. Chochitika ichi kale pachibwenzi kwa zaka 1465, pamene kusakhutira ndi ulamuliro wa Chiuzibeki Khan Abulhair atsogoleri Kerey ndi Janibek kutsogoleredwa ndi magulu awo nomad anasiya boma lake. Atsogoleri amene anawatsatira, anayamba kuitana okha Kazakhs, omwe anamasuliridwa ku Turkey monga "anthu."

Komabe, boma latsopanoli kusokonekera kwambiri, ndipo centralized kwathunthu sanali konse. Mu 1718, opanikizika anaukira Jungars potsiriza odukaduka m'magulu atatu: Junior, Middle ndi Senior Juz. Anayamba magazi nthawi ya Chikazaki-Jungar asilikali. Kazakhs kupulumutsa ku chiwonongeko chotheratu anathandiza yekha kuvomereza pang'onopang'ono pa XVIII atumwi Chikazaki khans Russian nzika. Poyamba Khanate anali kudziyimira pawokha ndithu, koma cha m'ma XIX, izo ochuluka anathetsa, zimene zinachititsa kuti zachiwawa. Mu 1824, mphamvu Khan anali potsiriza inathetsedwa, ndi Chikazaki m'mayiko mbali ya Russian Ufumu.

Kum'mwera kwa masiku ano Kazakhstan, makamaka chiguluchi apamwamba, koma imfa ya ufulu, anali linalanda ndi Russia mu Maulendo Central Asia mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX. Kazakhs m'dera resettlement unagawidwa pakati pa Turkestan ndi West Siberia bwanamkubwa generalship, ndipo kuchigawo Orenburg. Nthawi imeneyi ankatchedwa Kirghiz kaysakov osati wosokonezeka ndi Cossacks Russian.

Koma mu 1917 panali kugwa kwa Russian Ufumu anayamba pa Civil nkhondo, amene kunathandiza kwambiri pa tsoka la Kazakhs ndipo unachita molimba mapangidwe a Chikazaki SSR.

nthawi ya nkhondoyo

Pa Civil nkhondo, kulimbana ndale ndi zida anachita pa dera la Kazakhstan ano. Panthawi imeneyi, tinapanga kudziyimira pawokha dziko - kumpoto - Alash (Alash Orda) ndi malo mu Semipalatinsk, ndi kumwera - ndi Turkestan, lomwe likulu lake mu Kokand. Onse boma zinali anathetsa ndi Bolsheviks pa Civil nkhondo: choyamba - mu 1920, ndipo chachiwiri - mu 1918. M'madera awo apangidwa, motero, Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic ndi Turkestan Soviet Republic.

Kirghiz SSR

Pa nthawi ya pochimanga, July 16, 1920 dera la Chikigizi ASSR m'gulu zambiri za masiku ano Kazakhstan. Mmenemo osati analowa dera kum'mwera kwa dziko, amene, monga tatchulazi, anali inalowa mu Republic of Turkestan Soviet. Koma monga mbali ya Kirghiz SSR anali Karakalpakiya ndi zamakono Orenburg dera, Orenburg ndipo likulu lake utsogoleri. Chikigizi ASSR kudziyimira pawokha ndi linaloŵetsedwa mu RSFSR, monga, ndithudi, ndi Turkestan.

Asanabwere ake KASSR m'dera lasintha kwambiri. Choncho, zaka 1924-1925 kuti ali m'gulu umembala wake dera kum'mwera kwa Kazakhstan ano, malinga ndi mbali yofunika ya Turkestan Soviet Republic.

Chikazaki ASSR

Popeza kuti Baibulo la "Kirghiz Kaisaks" si lodzipatsa wa Kazakhs, mu April 1925 anadzatchedwa ndi Kirgiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic mu Chikazaki Soviet Socialist Republic. likulu ankangomusamutsira Orenburg kuti Kyzyl-Orda, pamaso otchedwa dera limeneli limatchedwa-Mosque, ndipo iye Orenburg dera anali olekanitsidwa ndi gawo la kudziyimira pawokha ndipo umasamutsidwa ku akuyendetsa RSFSR lapansi. Mu 1927, kamodzi kulanda likulu zinachitika nthawi ino Alma-Ata, amene anatsalira likulu la mabungwe a boma Kazakhs mpaka 1997, mwachitsanzo zaka 70.

Mu 1930, Karakalpak yoyenda yokha dera, amene anasamutsidwa ku subordination mwachindunji RSFSR analekana ndi KazASSR. Choncho, dera tsogolo Chikazaki USSR unakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi mwathunthu, ndi kokha kusintha zonyozeka zidzachitika m'tsogolo.

Mapangidwe ndi Chikazaki Soviet Union

The Constitution latsopano, malinga ndi zimene Chikazaki ASSR amamuonera udindo wa Republic Union anavomerezedwa mu 1936 mu USSR. Pa nkhani imeneyi, wakhala chimaonekera RSFSR, analandira ufulu wake ofanana, ndipo zitatero linadzatchedwa Chikazaki Soviet Socialist Republic. Choncho panali mapangidwe a Chikazaki SSR.

Management ku Chikazaki Soviet Socialist Republic

Ndipotu, ulamuliro Chikazaki SSR kwathunthu mmanja a Party Communist la Kazakhstan, kupangidwa mu 1937, ndi mbali yofunika ya CPSU lapansi. Nkhope waukulu Republic anali mlembi woyamba wa chipanichi. Ngakhale dzina lokha mutu gulu la Republic of Kazakhstan ankaona Wamkulukulu Council Presidium. Ndipo Bungwe la Supreme thupi malamulo. Analamula mpaka 1990, wapampando wa Presidium, ndiyeno - Bungwe la Supreme.

Kupititsa gulu la Chikazaki SSR

Chikazaki SSR anali kapangidwe utsogoleri, ofanana Kupititsa gulu la mayiko ena Soviet. A okwana madera 19 inakhazikitsidwa pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Kumayambiriro 60 ntchentche m'madera ena a Chikazaki Soviet Socialist Republic anali ophatikizidwa mu mphepete (Tselinny, West Kazakhstan, South Kazakhstan), koma ndi kuteteza ntchito zake boma. Koma m'ma 60s anaganiza kusiya mugawo ili.

ophiphiritsa

Monga maphunziro onse, ndi Chikazaki Soviet Socialist Republic anali zizindikiro zake - mbendera, chizindikiro ndi nyimbo.

Mbendera loyamba la Republic anali mbendera wofiira mawu akuti "The Chikazaki Soviet Socialist Republic" m'zinenero Russian ndi Chikazaki, komanso nyundo ndi chikwakwa pamwamba ngodya kumanzere. Ndi mbendera ichi monga boma lokhazikika malamulo a Chikazaki Soviet Socialist Republic mu 1937. Koma mu 1953, pakhala kusintha kwakukulu: Zolembedwa ndi linamasuka, koma yawonjezedwa nyenyezi zisanu zisonga ndi gulu buluu pansi pa nsalu. Mu mawonekedwe Chikazaki SSR mbendera analipo kufikira Republic linanena bungwe kuchokera Union.

Kenako mu 1937, izo Analeredwa ndi chovala mikono ya Chikazaki SSR. Mosiyana ndi mbendera nyengo linakhalapo izo lasintha zazing'ono. chithunzi chake anapereka m'munsimu.

Chikazaki SSR nyimbo anavomerezedwa mu 1945. Mmenemo nyimbo Mukan Tulebaev, Evgeniya Brusilovskogo ndi Latif Hamidi anayikidwa mawu Kayum Mukhamedkhanova, Abdilda Tazhibaeva ndi Gabit Musrepov.

Chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko

Chikazaki SSR pa zaka za ulamuliro wa Soviet wafika sikunachitekepo mpaka zizindikiro zachuma ndi mlingo wa chitukuko zachuma. Panthawi imeneyi mwakhama osauka mafakitale, anachititsa yomanga mafakitale, shag, inamangidwa Baikonur kumanganso likulu la Chikazaki SSR, Alma-Ata. zitsulo, migodi ya malasha makamaka intensively anayamba.

Koma musaiwale nthawi ya njala misa, anakakamizika collectivization, kupondereza a nzeru ya dziko, amene anapulumuka anthu a Kazakhstan mu 20s wa - 30s Mu zaka zapitazo.

Kupha Chikazaki SSR

The ndondomeko demokalase yomwe inayamba mu Soviet Union mu theka lachiwiri la 80s, sanathe kukhudza ndi Chikazaki SSR, imene zizolowezi centrifugal itakula. Mu 1986, likulu la Kazakhstan anali woyamba mu USSR odana ndi boma masewera Alma-Ata. Ankadana poika Moscow, Mlembi Choyamba wa Communist Party a Kazakhstan, adali mu dziko konse akhalapo. Movement kuponderezedwa mwankhanza mayunitsi asilikali.

Mu 1989 anakhala Mlembi Choyamba wa Nursultan Nazarbaev, pamaso pa wapampando wakale wa Bungwe la nduna. April 24 chaka chamawa, Bungwe la Supreme osankhidwa pulezidenti ake. Mu October 1990, izo anatenga Declaration wa State Ulamuliro wa Kazakhstan. Pambuyo pa August zokhumba Nazarbayev anatuluka m'gulu la CPSU. Mu December 1991, izo analengeza ufulu lathunthu la Republic of Kazakhstan. Choncho Chikazaki Soviet Socialist Republic unatha.