Grigory Potemkin: yonena ndi mfundo zosangalatsa za moyo

Mu mbiri ya dziko lathu sadziwa umunthu odious, maganizo zimene zatsalira maganizo lero. Nkhawa anthu, ndipo Grigory Potemkin. Pa kutchulidwa kwa dzina la munthu, amakambidwa ngati poyamba kuti akupezeka pafupifupi Russian ndi "Potemkin midzi". Aliyense amakhulupirira kuti n'chimodzimodzi ndi chachikulu farce mbiri ndi mmkudzionetsera kuti Gregory "splurge" Mfumukazi Catherine ndipo iye alendo yachilendo. Nawa chabe anthu ochepa mukudziwa chimene icho chiri, kuziyika izo modekha, osati kwathunthu zabodza.

Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi osachepera chakuti alendo, amene m'masiku amenewo anali ndi maganizo otsika dziko lathu, anavomereza kuti Grigory Potemkin anachita chirichonse ku New Russia ndi Crimea, kuposa wina aliyense. Ndipo palibe amvekere mu mawu awo sanali: iwo kwenikweni akhadzumatirwa na lonse ntchito ndi khama pansiyi wa ankakonda Mfumukazi. Ngakhale chilakolako chake zapamwamba komanso zinthu zina zokhudza 'moyo wokongola ", munthu uyu anali kugwira ntchito ndipo iye anachita izo mokongola!

kutsutsana mbiri

History - "dona" capricious ndi wosalungama. Tangoganizani za Puro chomwecho, luso ndi wanzeru mkulu, anakhalabe kukumbukira mbadwa okha monga mosasamala mtsogoleri, "chosaneneka thupi mdani." Ndipo palibe zilibe kumbukirani kuti Pierre nayenso anali ndi maganizo otsika a iwo apambana mwa chigonjetso. Ndipo Grigory Potemkin. Ngakhale zochita zake zonse ku ulemerero wa Russia, ife tikuganiza za yekha mu nthabwala ribald.

Pomwepo recollected zinthu zake ndi Catherine, akulakalaka zapamwamba ndi chomwecho kudwala-fated m'mudzi ... Ndipotu Gregory anali mmodzi wa bungwe kwambiri ndi luso la nthawi ndi mphatso unquestionable ndi luso anthu utsogoleli. Mwachidule, tingati munthu iye anali kwenikweni chachikulu. Zovuta, ndi quirks awo, koma zolakwa zake zomwe tawerenga kupitiriza nyota zake undoubted. Choncho kaya kapena ayi ngati za chinenero wachiwiri kwa ena azambiriyakale, chipilala Grigoriyu Potemkinu anaukitsidwa mokondera? Ayi, ndithudi. Prince ndipo akuyenera onse kulandira ulemu wake ndipo regalia. Kuona, tikufuna kudziwa zikuluzikulu yaikulu ya mbiri yake.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Iye anabadwa mu chigawo Smolensk. Malo obadwira - m'mudzi waung'ono Chizhov. Izi zinachitika 13 (24) mu September 1739. Atate anali dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich Potomkin, yaikulu anapuma. khalidwe lake linali, monga tsopano mwambo kunena, "palibe shuga". Ndicho kwenikweni chimene chiri mwana wathunso, kotero kumenya, amene anali zotsatira zachilengedwe a achiwawa, ndi kufuna kumwa. Mwamwayi Gregory, anapitiriza onse uli ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndiye bambo wake anamwalira.

Mayi, Daria V., anayesetsa choteteza mwana wake kwa khalidwe loipa la bambo ake ndi zonse kwa iye kuti alowe, chifukwa zinali mobwerezabwereza pang'ono. Ndipo chifukwa atamwalira banja Alexander Vasilyevich lonse adawusa moyo ndi mpumulo. Potemkin anasamukira ku Moscow, ndiponso m'njira zambiri zimenezi zinachitika chifukwa cha chilakolako kupereka maphunziro kwa Gregory. Kachiwiri, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha chilakolako cha mnyamatayo si ndithu akwaniritsidwe. Komabe, kukuuzani inu chirichonse mu dongosolo.

wophunzira

Kuyambira ali wamng'ono kwambiri Grigory Potemkin ali ndi khalidwe achirendo kwambiri: iye kwenikweni atadza pa mfundo yakuti chidwi ndipo iye akanakhoza ntchito pa iwo pafupifupi padziko koloko, koma monga msanga kwa iye ndipo ndinakulira ozizira. Komabe, ambiri amayesetsa awo, iye anamaliza. Makamaka, Ine akha- bwino. Izo sizinali pachabe - mu 1755 iye anayamba kuphunzira pa University Moscow, ndi monga patapita chaka achinyamata Gregory analandira golide Mendulo "Pakuti zikayenda maphunziro awo."

M'masiku amenewo zinali ndi kuzindikira chabwino cha phindu. Chirichonse anatchula mfundo yakuti mndandanda wa zounikira za sayansi Russian posachedwapa lowetsani dzina latsopano. Ngati anali kwenikweni kotero, mopanda kukaika, Potemkin ndithudi akanakhala ndi wasayansi kwambiri. Amene amadziwa, mwinamwake ife tataya University wina ...

Chaka chotsatira mu gulu la ophunzira 12 yabwino kuperekedwa kwa Elizabeti. Ndizo basi zonse chalakwika ... atatu okha zaka Atachotsedwa ake "ulesi ndi kupezeka nkhani." Ndipo zifukwa zomveka. Ndipotu iye anali makings onse kukhala nyale ya sayansi. Pa nthawi ino basi pafupi osati limodzi mbiri Mlangizi amene munganene zolakwa zake. Pa nthawi yomweyo Gregory anadzionetsa chitsanzo mwana: Pozindikira za kuvutika kwa amayi, amene inamuluma athamangitsidwe wake koma kenako kugonja mkulu udindo Dona iye. Komabe, izi sizingakhale funso. Young "mediocrity" akhadikhira asilikali a State Russian.

Kudziwika ndi zosangalatsa zodabwitsa

m'nthawi Onse ananena kuti mmodzi wa kuipa waukulu Potemkin kunali kunyada, nthawi zina kutembenukira mu zachabechabe lotseguka ndi kudzikuza. Komabe, sikuti chinthu choipa: modekha analandira kuchotsedwa wake, nthawi yomweyo anaganiza ayambe njira asilikali. Pa ndzidzi onowu kale ngati analogue a dipatimenti ya usilikali, ndiponso chifukwa ophunzira dzulo kale yokhala akhala m'gulu la asilikali ndi anatenga m'gulu lankhondo. Zinali tidzayesetsa wabwino kwa ntchito zina!

Choncho, mu 1761, iye akupatsa Mulingo wa anga, pamene satumikira tsiku limodzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, wophunzira wakale adza kwa St. Petersburg ndipo ali mu Regiment lapansi. maonekedwe ake anali chidwi kuti nthawi yomweyo mwadongosolo Field polimbana Georga Lyudviga (Duke wa Schleswig-Holstein).

conspirator

Ngakhale phwando ofunda asilikali, Gregory ofuna palibe chikondi kwa mkulu wake zazing'ono wankhanza, Peter III, amene kale anatha kupereka Dziko la zochuluka madzi ndi mwazi wa asilikali Russian, fano lake Frederick. Ndipo kuti chinatembenuka zonse: asilikali a boma Russian kukhululukira munthu kuchita monga sakanakhoza. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Potemkin mosavuta akulowa m'gulu la anthu achiwembu aja. Tsiku la zokhumba za, June 28, 1762, linali kunasintha tsoka osati Russia, komanso anga a. Catherine II yomweyo ankakonda wokongola wokongola.

Mosiyana awo "anzake" mu chiwembu, amene amapangidwa chabe mphalasa, ndi States tsogolo kamodzi yoikidwiratu mkulu chachiwiri. Ambiri, ndi chimodzimodzi ngati lero Sergeant tsiku anakhala lalikulu. Iwo mfundo imeneyi wakhala kudzudzulidwa ndi azambiriyakale, pachifukwa ichi, tsiku lina anadwala kwambiri a adani. Komabe, Earl tsogolo la chirichonse cholakwika sakuona, chifukwa zachabechabe wake wosasatitsidwa kuyambira pozindikira exclusivity ake.

Wogwira ndipo mtima

Komabe, pa nthawi imeneyo, Potemkin sanathe ndimalota za mtima kwambiri wa Mfumukazi. Popeza kuti ankakonda kwambiri a Chiwerengero Orlov, ndi kupikisana n'zoti sakanakwanitsa naye. Ngakhale anabweretsa ndi utumiki kanali ndi mphoto, Gregory pang'onopang'ono anayamba kuzilala kwa utakhala wake. Pa nthawi imeneyo, panali pafupifupi zochitika chodabwitsa: Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich pafupifupi anakhala wansembe! Iye anali kukambirana zamulungu yaitali ndi atumiki a Mpingo, kumenya ndi chidziwitso chake, ndi kwambiri kukonzekera malonjezo. Koma ndiye yotsatira Chirasha Turkey nkhondo.

"Osaphunzira, koma kwambiri wolimba"

Mu 1769, mnyamata Major General (zaka zisanu ndi zinayi !!!) amapita ku nkhondo mongodzipereka. chikhalidwe chake yogwira basi sudzatha mwayi wotero kudzionetsa. Oddly zokwanira, koma mafani wokhulupirika ndi odana Potemkin ananena chinthu chomwecho: "Kodi onse izo - ndi malo opanda kanthu, koma ndi zathupi mtima ndipo sadzataya mtima pa nkhondo."

Iye analowa malo kumene ilo linali kuchita chimodzimodzi kanthu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo akuwononga anthu, koma kumenyana nawo limodzi ndiponso konse kubisa kumbuyo asilikali. Potemkin anatenga gawo pafupifupi nkhondo dziko.

Kumene, pali maganizo kuti Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich (nkotheka) kwambiri ngwazi sikunali, ndipo mbiri yake - zotsatira malipoti laudatory pa dzina Catherine. Ngakhale ndi chodziwikiratu: kulimba mtima kuti ngakhale adani. Ndithudi, izi si zifukwa imfa zosafunika ndi zambiri opusa.

lapamtima

Mu 1774, Potemkin adza kwa bwalo pa mapiko a ulemerero. Eagles pa nthawi imeneyo ndi kale mwa chamanyazi, ndipo chifukwa bwalo mwamsanga pali latsopano ankakonda Catherine. Gregory msanga afika mutu wa kuwerengedwa ndi udindo wa General-mu-Chief.

Azambiriyakale akadali kukanganira za momwe ubale wa Potemkin ndi Catherine. Pali lomwe ngakhale mwana Elizabeth ubwenzi wawo.

Zimamveka mtsikanayo umasamutsidwa ku maphunziro a achibale kwambiri a Zithunzi kumene analenga. Dzinache akhali Temkin, monga mwambo wa zaka anati, kuti ana apathengo ayenera kupatsidwa dzina la atate, kuchotsa kuchokera inawo syllable choyamba. Koma makolo ake Grigory Potemkin ndi Catherine?

"Panali mnyamata? .."

Mu Tretyakov Gallery ali ndi chithunzi cha mkazi uyu, kuti linakhalapo palibe mkangano. bambo ake N'kutheka Gregory, koma ngati iye ali mayi wa Catherine? chakuti pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa Elizabeti anali kale ndi zaka 45, ngakhale kuti nthawi imeneyi si oyenera kubereka angapo, ndipo ngakhale masiku amenewo chinali chinachake zosaganizika. Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma zaka chiŵerengero cha Potemkin ndi Catherine anali wodalirika kwambiri.

Apa Ndikufuna kuti MPATUKO wina. Pa Mfumukazi mu moyo wake ambiri okondedwa ndi confidants. Koma onse, pakutayika chisomo wolamulirayo, ndiye analowa mthunzi, ndi kale amachita sindiye anakumbutsa. Potemkin, ngakhale kuchotsedwa bwalo, komabe zatenganso mbali mu boma, choncho mokondera womuweruza yekha pa kaonedwe wa courtier luso.

Ntchito yomanga ku New Russia

Mu 1776, ndi protege wa Mfumukazi analandira ntchito yothandiza dziko: kuchita dongosolo la Chatsopano Russia, Azov, dziko zina m'madera amenewa. Pafupifupi onse amavomereza kuti Prince Grigory Potemkin Tauride anafikira mu munda wa bwino kwambiri. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti watichitira kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu kuposa Peter Ine mu Gawo Kumpoto (zofunika kukambirana, monga Petulo ntchito m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri). Anakhazikitsa m'matawuni ambiri ndi m'midzi, kumene dzulo chinapululutsa mayunitsi a wongosamukasamuka, ndipo panalibe kanthu koma udzu chitsamba steppe.

Komabe, iye nthawi zonse kuganizira za ukulu wa dziko lawo, kuswa mapulani kumaliza yimitsira la Turkey ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa zaka Ufumu wa Byzantium ulamuliro wa mmodzi wa ana a Catherine II. sanafunike akuyendera, koma lingaliro ndi analanda dziko la Crimea wakhala akuyendera zonse. Pali anapitiriza ntchito yake kulimbikitsa malire Russia, maziko a mzinda ndi linga. Makamaka, iye ndiye anaika mzinda wa Kherson, Odessa ndi ena.

Zachabe ndi mwanaalirenji

Iwo sadzakhala superfluous kunena kuti kufuna mwanaalirenji Duke anali kwenikweni ndi byword. Makamaka, chipewa chake anali wolemera zokongoletsa ndi zokometsera kuti iye anali mu manja ake kunyamula mwadongosolo. Ngakhale pa nthawi imene Catherine yekha ndi alendo ake ankakonda predstavat kwa anthu nyama jekete yosavuta, Potemkin adakhalabe woona yekha, zonyezimira onse pano luster golide ndi diamondi. Khalidwe lomwelo ikusonyezedwa machenjerero a kamangidwe ka Potemkin mzinda womwewo Kherson poyamba anali pakati pa sikelo ngati kuti ngakhale Moscow masiku ano akanatha iye chinachake kaduka. Zochita izo sangathe kuzindikira chakhumi cha dongosolo.

"Fumbi m'maso," kapena chenicheni?

Mu 1787, Catherine anaganiza kulemekeza maganizo ake Crimea. Potemkin, amene anali atalandira kale udindo monga Field kulamulira, anaona kuti uwu unali mwayi kwambiri kachiwiri kuti hii. Kotero kuti "Potemkin mudzi", ngakhale mu maonekedwe limene tinenali lero, kwenikweni anali. Apanso - anali ndithu kwenikweni, osawuka kwenikweni ankakhala kalekale m'midzi izi, koma popanda pamalo yoyenera ndi kupewa zosafunika zapamwamba Gregory mwachionekere sakanakhoza. N'chifukwa chake, ndipo panali nkhani za farce ndi 'zachabe "anamuona Catherine ndi alendo ake akunja.

anthu ochepa mukudziwa, koma ndi nthawi lakuyang'anira Mfumukazi Crimea walenga wapadera "kampani ya Amazon," amene alemba ntchito yekha kwa atsikana magazi achifumu. Mwachibadwa, pambuyo kuchoka kwa Catherine izo unatha, monga Potemkin anamvetsetsa n'kopanda pake kwabasi chotero mapangidwe asilikali pa nkhondo yeniyeni. Onse winanso, "Field kulamulira," iye sanali kokha chifukwa cha chifundo cha Mfumukazi. Pamene onse amadziwa kuti buku la ntchito anachita ankakonda Mfumukazi, kwenikweni chodabwitsa, mophweka amukhululukire wofunitsitsa kulakalaka zapamwamba ndi ulemerero.

Zabwino ndi zoipa

dazeni A lalikulu ndi makumi awiri ziwiya ang'ono amene ankachitika lalikulu makombola anaonetsa, amene wakhala apotheosis cha ulendo Catherine kwa chilumbachi. zombo uyu, amene anaonekera pa gombe la Crimea kunja kwa mpweya wochepa thupi, makamaka kudabwa alendo, amene ankatsatira Mfumukazi.

m'nthawi ambiri ndi mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti khalidwe la yomanga zombo amenewa anali "mpweya kutenga". Inde, izo ndi zoona, koma pa nkhondo pafupi ndi Turkey, zombo izi anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri, ngakhale zolakwa zake zonse. Zinali zitatha izi Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich, amene yonena ali m'nkhani ino, mwalamulo analandira udindo wa "Tauride", kutanthauza zikayenda ake yapadera pa chitukuko cha m'mayiko ena.

China zoipa khalidwe lake anali kulephera kupeza pamodzi ndi ena kwambiri kwa anthu Russian. Amadziwika kuti Potemkin Suvorov sindikanakhoza kupirira, ndi mkulu analemekeza anayankha chimodzimodzi poyera anamuda khalidwe chabe. Komanso ayenera kuti ankadziwa kuti Grigory Potemkin zambiri limanena kuti yekha zopereka wake kumunda njira.

Ngakhale panali Suvorov chifukwa kulemekeza otsutsa wake: ndi kuyamika Potemkin Russian asilikali potsiriza anamuchotsa ndi chotheka Prussian cholowa mu mawonekedwe a tsitsi ndi, mapini ndi mangongo, amene anapanga tsiku kavalidwe ndi zosavuta ndi ntchito. Izi facilitates kwambiri khama la msilikali. Potsiriza, pamene wapita ndi Russian apakavalo pachimake, monga zilili kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mtundu uwu wa asilikali. ntchito zotsatira mu 1812, pamene anali apakavalo anakhala waukulu chidwi mphamvu makamu n'kukhala wa Napoleon.

Komanso, mkulu kwambiri anavomereza kuti Potemkin - lolinganiza lalikulu kumbuyo. Mu ankhondo ake Sindinakudziwani mavuto ndi yobereka yake katundu, zida ndi zonse zofunikira. Choncho Prince Grigory Potemkin kwenikweni anasangalala ulemu ngakhale kwa adani ake (amene atamangika basi chifukwa cha zachabe ndi kudzikuza ena).

Opal ndi kuchotsa

Ntchito courtier - chinthu wosalimba. Ine atamva zimenezi ndi ngwazi wathu, pamene anatembenukira kwa bwalo anapita wamng'ono Plato Zurabov. munthu ameneyu sanali achinyamata okha Potemkin, koma panalibe kulinganiza zochepa wamphatso. masiku a okondedwa wakale anawerengedwa. Zurabov sanafune kupirira nthawi zonse ndi odana akale, choncho anaumirira kuchotsa ake. Mu 1791, iye anauzidwa kuti achoke St. Petersburg.

Last mwanaalirenji

Kale mu January, izo zimabwerera kachiwiri, kubwerera ndi nkhondo ina Turkey. Anayi zotsatizana miyezi ya Tauride Palace , akutiakuti anapatsidwa ndi maphwando amazipanga lalikulu, lomwe Potemkin anamwaza 850 zikwi rubles. M'masiku amenewo anali okwana chachikulu. Zonse izi anathamangitsa yekha cholinga chimodzi - kubwerera chisomo cha Catherine, koma ndi chosankha ake anaphwa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale Zurabov anazindikira undesirability Potemkin yogwilitsidwa amchigulu, kotero kuti okalamba kalonga chabe umanena kuti kukhalapo kwake akupitirirabe ku St. Petersburg ndi osafunika.

Iye amagwira ntchito mwachangu zokambirana mtendere ndi Turkey. Koma izo zinali chabe TV: zachabechabe za nthawi imeneyi Gregory anali kutumikira zoipa, sitingakhale kupulumuka kupatukana kwake kwa Catherine. Misempha, iye anali kudwala, koma alesera nawo amchigulu. Russia m'ma 18 amene anali heyday ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano, ndipo posachedwa adzataya chimodzi mwa zinthu wotchuka ndi maganizo a ana ake.

tsiku lomaliza

October 5, 1791 Prince anadwala zoyenera ophimba, amene adamtsata kuchokera Iasi kuti Nikolaev. Kudziwika kwa mawu ake omaliza. Iye analamula ophimba kusiya, ndipo anati: "Ndizo zonse, ndi kopita ndikufa! Tengani Ine mwa ophimba, ine ndikufuna kuti afe pa munda, "limodzi ndi retinue ndi mosamala anawamasulira mbuye wake kumunda yophukira !. A patatha mphindi zingapo kalonga anali atapita. Iye anaikidwa mu Kherson linga, Cathedral wa St. Catherine (yomwe inamangidwa pansi pa utsogoleri wake).

N'kufa Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin (1739-1791 gg.). Uyu osokoneza anasiya chizindikiro kwambiri mu mbiri ya dziko lathu, ndi chifukwa cha udindo wake kuiwala Mulimonsemo zosatheka. Ndithudi zikanakhala zosiyana popanda iye.