Edgar Degas: yonena, ntchito wotchuka. Edgar Degas - French Impressionist zojambulajambula

Mu zaka zao za sikisite wa XIX atumwi ku France anayambitsa ndi kayendedwe luso lake oimira kudzera maganizo awo olakwika zakanthawi ku dziko lakunja ndafuna kukwaniritsa kwambiri zachilengedwe ndiponso yomveka bwino chithunzi ake. Dzina la ku French mawu impressionism kuganiza - zakukhudzani. Imodzi mwa oimira yowala kwambiri azimuth uyu anali zojambulajambula Edgar Degas, amene ntchito anatsegula mutu watsopano mu dziko la kupenta.

amakopeka Ana kujambula

wojambula tsogolo anabadwa mu 1834 ku Paris m'banja lolemera, imene inali ndi mizu lolemera. dzina lake lalembedwa - de A Ha (ndi tinthu "de" amasonyeza chiyambi mfulu), koma mu zaka akulu mchikakamizo cha Edgar wodzazidwa maganizo ake chikhalidwe anasintha kuti voti zambiri - Degas.

Kumulakalaka zojambula ndi kupenta kenako, iye anasonyeza ali aang'ono, koma atate wake - woyang'anira ndi co-mwini wa mmodzi wa yaikulu mabanki Parisian - osati powalalikira changu mwana, analosera loya m'tsogolo. Komabe, nkhani amalola wachinyamata sasamala za mkate wawo ndi kuthera nthawi yake yonse kuti chizolowezi chake. Choncho pa ntchito zake msanga. Edgar Degas, malinga ndi ofufuza za kale pa nthawi imeneyo anasonyeza makings kwa mosalakwitsa m'tsogolo, mobwerezabwereza kukopera zithunzi zawo ndi kuyesera kubweretsa iwo ku ungwiro.

Kumulakalaka ntchito Ingres, ndi chiyambi cha phunziro

Biographers amanena kuti mwa amene nthawi zonse chidwi ambuye anazindikira wa burashi kwambiri zochita pa Degas anali Zhan Ogyust Engr, kuti zilandiridwenso, zomwe wasiya chizindikiro chake pa ntchito zawo. Edgar Degas pa zaka makumi awiri, anayamba maphunziro ake kupenta ku situdiyo mmodzi wa ophunzira a fano lake - Lui Lamota, tsopano aiwala, ndipo mu zaka anali wotchuka lonse.

Ndili Paris, Edgar amathera nthawi yambiri m'zipinda Louvre kumene kukopera zojambula za ambuye akale, pofuna kumvetsa zinsinsi za luso lawo. Chokhala ndi luso ndalama kuyenda, iye anapita zakale kwambiri mu Italy, kumene anakumana ndi katswiri wa kupenta geniuses la Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano - Giotto, Ghirlandaio, Bellini, Mantegna ndi amisiri ena amene akhala zizindikiro za nyengo kwambiri pa luso masomphenya.

masitepe choyamba

Tikaonanso Paris, Degas amakhala mwini situdiyo wake, amene amagwira ntchito makamaka pa chilengedwe cha zithunzi ndi zojambula pa mitu mbiri. More ku Florence anatulutsa zojambula ambiri, amene wojambula wamng'ono likuthandiza banja lake Italy, amene alendo anasangalala kwa miyezi ingapo. M'BADWO umboni wa kubadwa kwa latsopano mbuye portraitist.

Komabe, mu zaka zao za sikisite oyambirira, cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito zake tikukamba Degas nsalu zokha ayi mbiri zimene ikufuna kukwaniritsa kutchuka ndi kuzindikira. Iye analemba mndandanda wa zojambula pa nkhani zakale ndiponso akale, koma iwo sali bwino. Yakhala nthawi kulankhula za kulephera kwa wojambula mu mtundu wanyimbo izi.

Mwina zojambula yekha moona okhwima, Degas analenga kumayambiriro kwa zaka zao za sikisite, zikhoza kuonedwa ngati chithunzi cha banja lake Florence - Belleli banja, anayamba kubwerera ku Italy, ndipo anamaliza atabwerera ku ulendo. Izi ndi lalikulu kukula lona limene kanjedza amasonyeza zonse kutalika, iwo kumagwiritsa zinthu za sukulu chakale cha kupenta, ndipo ambiri a m'nkhaniyi zimaonetsa chifaniziro oona latsopano nthawi unsembe luso.

Ankadziwa ndi Impressionists

Ndithu kunasintha ntchito chithunzicho anayamba mu 1861, pamene anakumana ndi wina wa omwe adayambitsa nascent pa nthawi ya Impressionism Eduardom manyenje. Uyamiko kwa Iye, Degas limodzi ndi bwalo la amisiri amene amadzipereka kuti azimuth watsopano mu luso. Koma ngakhale udindo wamba, imene ndi yofunika kulamulidwa ndi kukana luso boma maphunziro, ndi zithunzi zake ankagwira ntchito mwakhama ndi moyo, ndi atsopano pa Degas anatulukira ndi zosiyana zina.

Mosiyana ndi anthu ambiri a Impressionists, Sanasangalale ntchito panja - panja, poganizira kuti dissipates tcheru. Wojambula adalipo situdiyo, komwe zimene mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira kuganizira ena kwambiri ndi amazindikira kuti chilengedwe cha pachithunzipa. Nzika za ntchito zake makamaka zokhudzana ndi dziko la zikuluzikulu, zisudzo ndi kafeshantanov.

Wina, kusiyana zofunika kwambiri zilandiridwenso Degas ntchito anzake latsopano, anali kufuna kuti akonze ntchito lathu chikhalidwe, unvarnished zosonyeza mmene moyo wa momuzungulira. Iwo ananena kuti ngati Impressionists kuti lolunjika pa kuwala (Mwachitsanzo yowala ndi kupenta wa Monet ndi Manet), zojambula ndi Degas aika kwambiri kuyendera.

Ambiri amanena ŵa Udindo monga luso lake kwa impressionism, koma ayenera kuganizira kuti kwambiri wabwino okha kuyesera kugawanitsa ojambula zithunzi ndi ntchito zawo masitaelo. Edgar Degas Pankhaniyi okha kugula wamba akufotokoza achilendo luso yake, ndi kuvumbitsira quirky ndithu ndi munthu.

Franco-Prussian nkhondo ndi zaka

Kukakamizidwa kuthyola ntchito chithunzicho chinali chifukwa cha mliri wa mu 1870, Franco-Prussian nkhondo. Degas komanso wake luso anzathu Manet, mongodzipereka anapita kutsogolo, kumene woyamba anatumikira mu oyenda Regiment, kenako anasamutsidwa kuti zida zankhondo za. Demobilized kumapeto kwa maudani, adatuma mu 1971, choyamba Britain kenako kwa achibale awo pa mzere akuchikazi ku America.

Pamene patapita zaka ziwiri Degas anabwerera ku France, pa nthawi yovuta anayamba iye. bambo wake anamwalira ndipo anasiya mangawa yokulirapo. Pofuna kusunga mbiri ya banja, Edgar amalipira iwo akugulitsa osati anasonkhana zosonkhanitsira banja lawo la zojambula ndi ambuye akale, komanso banja kunyumba. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu moyo wake iye anayenera zofunika pa moyo.

Kuthandiza pa zisudzo

Ndi njira yokhayo yotulukira imeneyi anali kufuna kugulitsa ntchito zawo. Edgar Degas mu zaka ziwiri, kumakhaladi chipani zisudzo asanu bungwe ndi anzake impressionist zojambulajambula, ndipo, pamene ntchito zake ndi ziyenda bwino ndi ogula kuthekera, asabwezere mangawa ake. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anali odziwika bwino monga mmodzi wa amisiri wotchuka kwambiri nthawi yake.

Ntchito odzipereka mutu wa kuvina ndi

ntchito zake zikhoza kugawidwa mu madera angapo thematic, mmodzi amene imene'yi alitcha ndi anthu, anali chifanizo cha zithunzi kuvina zimene kwa iwo ndi chisomo, koma popanda maganizo kwambiri. Ngati ntchito ya akalambula wake, imene nyenyezi kuvina zosonyezedwa tingachipeze powerenga, koma wopanda moyo zikhoza ambiri zinkafanana magazini chimakwirira, ndi Degas wovina anayang'ana yowala ndi mwachibadwa, kupanga kumverera kwa chisomo wamoyo. Zina mwa ntchito otchuka kwambiri dongosolo - "The Dance Maphunziro" (1873), "wovina pa siteji" (1879), "The ovina mu rehearsal" (1879) ndi "Blue ovina" (1890).

Zochitika ku Moyo kafeshantanov

mutu wina amene analemba ntchito zake Edgar Degas, anali moyo wa kafeshantanov Parisian. A malo ankakonda Iye anapeza nkhani zithunzi, anali Monceau paki, khumi pambuyo Degas anaimba ntchito za Toulouse-Lautrec. Dala kafeshantannoy moyo demokalase zina verging pa zoyipa, anakopeka chithunzicho.

Amadziwika kuti Degas sanapereke mmalo mabungwe yeniyeni. Momwemonso okonzeka kupita ku loyamba mlingo, ndi Cafe pa za Champs-Élysées, ndi alendo n'ngwokayikitsa Belleville. Apa analenga zimasonyeza kwambiri powonekera zimawoneka anapulumutsidwa ku moyo weniweniwo. Chigawo chino ndi wotchuka luso zojambula "Concert mu Cafe" (1877), "The woimba ndi mogwirizana" (1878) ndipo "woyimba pa siteji" (1877).

Mabuku ena a luso

Edgar Degas luso lomwe kumubweretsa wodziwika kwambiri za ntchito komanso mokwanira yeniyeni mtundu wanyimbo ntchito pastel - wothinikizidwa mawonekedwe a ang'ono wachikuda pigment osakaniza Kuwonjezera zomatira. Njira imeneyi si kovuta kwambiri, kuloledwa kukwaniritsa kuwala ndi kutsitsimuka kwa malankhulidwe. Anasangalala pamene ambiri ojambula zithunzi-impressionists.

mtundu wa "akuthwanima" chikunena pamodzi ndi malankhulidwe wolemera zimalimbikitsa wa Degas analola kuti kulenga mwa ntchito zake wapadera zokongola mlengalenga. Zina mwa ntchito wotchuka ikuchitika njira imeneyi, mungathe kuyitana kupenta "Blue ovina" kusungidwa mu Moscow Museum of Wabwino Tirhana dzina la Pushkin.

The zosiyanasiyana Degas Art

Pankhani lalikulu ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana mbuye, ndiye nthawi zina kovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa ntchito zake zonse ndi mtundu wanyimbo. Edgar Degas zokhudza gulu aluso amene anasiya mbiri wolemera zosiyanasiyana za luso. Kuwonjezera zojambula mafuta ndi pastels, wotchuka anali zipsera wake ndi zojambula. Amadziwika kuti ndi zaka, wojambula anayamba kutaya kupenya kwake ndi umasangalala chosema. Kugwira ntchito ndi dongo ndipo pulasitala anathandizidwa kwakukulukulu kukhudza - manja m'malo maso ake.

moyo Sunset ziboliboli

Kodi kukonza moyo wake, Edgar Degas zaka zochepa zokha. Ndi pafupifupi mwathunthu akhungu, amene mosatsata iye ndi mwayi wopitiriza ntchito. Mwamwayi, kupereka chithandizo kwa wojambula si anakumana kuyambira ulemerero ndi kutchuka analola kuti kugulitsa pa mitengo n'kale lonse nthawi imeneyo isanayambe ntchito.

Edgar Degas, amene mbiri limafotokoza nkhani, zapita September 27, 1917. Mu ulendo wake omaliza anapita ochepa opulumuka zambiri amisiri anzake pakati pawo Klod Mone ndi Jean-Louis Forro. Pa maliro alibe analankhula mau yaitali - anali anapempha m'masiku otsiriza a Edgar Degas yekha.

Works, mndandanda wa zomwe analowa golide thumba la zojambulajambula

Zaka zapita. Kwa nthawi anayamba anazindikira njira ina, ntchito zambiri analenga m'mbuyomu. Edgar Degas ndi ntchito zake zinali phunziro la phunziro la mibadwo ya mbiri yakale luso. The zaluso ndi anasonyeza lero m'mamyuziyamu zabwino za dziko ndipo kunyada mwa zigawo waukulu paokha.

Akamuuze Degas sikutheka kulingalira chitukuko cha luso French ndi mayiko wachitatu lotsiriza la XIX ndi oyambirira XX atumwi. Lero, m'zipinda za Louvre ojambula zithunzi wamng'ono kukopera zojambula wake komanso zaka zambiri zapitazo, iye ankagwira ntchito, kubereka ntchito za ambuye akale. Kwa iwo, sukulu ndi wofunika moyo wake, luso lawo, ntchito zonse. Edgar Degas moyenerera anakhala mmodzi wa ojambula odziwika a dziko.