Wambiri Ivana Susanina ndi historiography ya nkhani

Dzina munthu uyu amadziwika kuti aliyense lero, wophunzira zoweta. Wambiri Ivana Susanina kugwirizana kwenikweni ndi chintchito zake zotchuka, chifukwa chimene chakupulumutsa miyoyo ya Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Inde, tikulankhula za zochitika za ankhondowo Polish, ndipo amene aliyense wa ife kamodzi, koma ndamva mu moyo wanga. Ndi mbiri Ivana Susanina, ndipo adzakhala cholinga cha nkhani imeneyi. Komanso mavuto kugwirizana ndi kuchira ake.

Ivan Susanin. Wambiri: mwachidule

Nyakulima weneyu anabadwa ku midzi m'mudzimo. Pafupi usinkhu wake, ofufuza sizinawakhudze kuuzidwa. Ena amati anali ndi zaka 30-35, winayo - kuti iye anali atakalamba.

Malinga ndi nthano zosatsimikiza, m'nyengo yozizira 1612, pamene mbali yaikulu ya ufumu wa Moscow anali kulamulidwa ndi asilikali wa Commonwealth, wamba Ivan Susanin anali kulemba mu utumiki wa detachment a asilikali Chipolishi Chilituyaniya. Iye anali kuwatsogolera m'mudzi Domnino, amene anali ndiye komabe mnyamata Russian Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Komabe, wamba Chawanyenga ankhondowo, kuwaphunzitsa njira yolakwika. Asogolera Zitsulo zosiyana, kwa mudzi Isupova, ndi Domnino anatumiza mwana wake yekha ndi uthenga wa ngozi (kutchula kwa zyate ndi chinachititsa mbiri yakale zoti ngwazi wamkulu).

Pamene chinyengo cha anapeza Ivan Susanin anali mwankhanza, koma ngwazi ndi sanapereke malo a mfumu wamng'ono. Chifukwa umenewu, adzakhala ndi kudula mutizidutswa tating'ono ting'ono, otsala kosatha nkhalango. Apa, ambiri, ndi zinthu zonse zilipo kwa mbiri Ivana Susanina.

Timaika patsogolo Baibulo kuti iye anali serf wa mwini malo Shestov. Ena ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti munthu ameneyu sanali munthu wamba mlimi ndi mudzi aakulu.

Wambiri Ivana Susanina ndi nkhawa funso historiography

Ndipo pano izo likukhalira kuti si yapafupi. Kawirikawiri mbiri yakale alibe zovuta kuchira biographies wa kanjedza kwambiri kapena zochepa odziwika a m'nthawi yathu. zinthu zambiri zovuta ndi kuukonza wa kale mfundo Nthawi chochitika, palibe zikalata kapena umboni zinthu zedi chokwanira, monga ulamuliro, sanakhale ndi moyo. Ndipo Ivan Susanin sanali munthu wofunika.

Masiku anonso, tikhoza angakwanitse zochitika za moyo wa mafumu akale ndi akazembe, anawayerekezera ndi khama kusintha, nkhondo ndi zinthu zina, adzasiya osapezekanso malo mu mbiri. Koma amene kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVI anali ndi chidwi munthu wamba? Ndithu nthawi yaitali chikalata okha omwe akunena za dzina la Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich anali dipuloma. M'bukuli iye anatchula Ivan Susanin, yonena mwachidule munthu, komanso kufotokoza ambiri adakwaniritsa. Pepala ndi pachibwenzi 1619 chaka. Pa nthawi yomweyo analipereka kwa achibale a ngwazi ya. Panali ena, akalata posachedwapa, koma iwo okha mobwerezabwereza vesi, popanda kuwonjezera chilichonse chatsopano.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chifaniziro cha ulemerero wamba anayamba okha pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX. Wolemba Sergei Glinka, wolemba mbiri wolemba wotchedwa Dmitry Kamensky Bantysh odziwika ndakatulo za nthawi analongosola m'mabuku ake monga Mpulumutsi woona wa tsar Russian ndi ngwazi yadziko.

Komabe, chiwerengero cha antchito poyera ndi anakayikira ngakhale chenicheni cha umunthu Susanin a. Mmodzi wa okayikira awa, mwachitsanzo, anali Russian mbiri Nikolai Karamzin.

Mfundo zimenezi "Susanin" chiwembu kudziwika ndi pa nkhondo, amene anali Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Ndiye Chiyukireniya Cossack Nikita Galagan anayamba olemekezeka Polish mu nkhalango moti, motero kuonetsetsa kupambana kwa asilikali ake nkhondo ya Korsun mu 1648. Akukhulupirira kuti nthano ya Ivan Susanin anauziridwa ndi nkhani imeneyi.

Komabe, popeza XIX m'ma yosalephera chilengedwe fano limene ife masiku ano. Susanin anayamba kudzipereka ndakatulo, masewero, m'mabuku ndi sewero. Iye anapita ku malo a ulemu mu ntchito za amisiri wotchuka: Ryleeva Field, Glinka.

Mu 1838, pa behest wa Mfumu Nicholas Ine, Russia ndi chipilala oyamba Susanin anaukitsidwa. Motero, amakhalabe sanamvekenso kwa zaka ziwiri pambuyo ft wake Nkosatheka mlimi kale kukhala chiyambi cha XX atumwi, weniweni dziko ngwazi.