Ndakatulo oyambirira Mayakovsky: zizindikiro apachiyambi

Kumayambiriro Mayakovsky a ndakatulo (ndakatulo "Port", "Night", "Muli!", Etc.) imatengedwa kuti zikuluzikulu chodabwitsa pa luso XX atumwi. Mwa ntchito zake masewero ndi ndakatulo, essays yovuta, zina zachidule, zojambula, ntchito satirical. ukulu Mayakovsky a lagona pa umunthu wake, zojambulajambula, amene anamvetsetsa chinsinsi cha luso ndakatulo ndi malamulo a powonekera. Iye mwaluso anali cholembera wolemba nkhani wina ndi burashi zojambulajambula a. Komabe, mu malingaliro a anthu Mayakovsky adalowa monga ndakatulo choyambirira cha lothandiza kusintha chikhalidwe. Mu ntchito zake likuthandiza zofunika ndi zochitika za nthawi yake.

Mzimu wopanduka mu ndakatulo oyambirira Mayakovsky

Mu ntchito zake, wolemba ophatikizana zosiyanasiyana njira. Iwo ali mawu amphamvu a m'nthawi imeneyo. Iyo inali nthawi ya kukonzekera ndiponso kukwaniritsa pa ntchito wamba zisinthe. ntchito Tingaone epic kuchuluka kufananitsa, mafanizo. Kulemera ndi mphamvu ya kayimbidwe kotani pamodzi journalistic chilakolako. M'nyimbo ngwazi za Mayakovsky oyambirira apilo ndakatulo gulu misa. wolemba limatchedwa "Tribune." Yerekezerani izi mu ntchito zake pali zifukwa zambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, mu ndakatulo "Kuthetsa Chete", amene amaona mmene waukulu womaliza, amadzitcha yekha "bawl-mtsogoleri," "agitator". Zedi, iwo ali ndi choonadi chake. Komabe, kuchepetsa oyambirira lyric ndakatulo Mayakovsky okha mukubwadamuka ndi losafuna akuchonderera anthu kungakhale kulakwa. Ntchito bwino ndithu kunachokera ndi chikondi zachitikadi, ndi zabwino-chikhalidwe akumwetulira ndi lobaya Izitu n'zovutitsa. Pali mwa iwo ndi kukhala wachisoni, nthanthi mawunikidwe. ndakatulo oyambirira Mayakovsky Mwachidule, ndi chilengedwe. Ndi osiyanasiyana mu mawu mtundu wanyimbo, osiyanasiyana intonational dongosolo.

Mayakovsky: dziko lofotokoza oyambirira lyric ndakatulo

Zoonadi pa chuma cha talente imodzi ya wolemba anafotokoza mu nthawi yake Lunacharsky. Kumva ndakatulo "za" Iye anafotokoza kuti ankadziwa, ndipo pambuyo kumvetsera otsimikiza ndi mtima wonse kuti Mayakovsky - ndi lyricist abwino, ngakhale amadziwa kuti nthawi. Mlembi katundu uyu pamodzi agitators ake, luso makupeka. Lyrics kawirikawiri anawona ngati akuti luso la dziko lamkati la ndakatulo iyi. Amasonyeza udindo wake mu umodzi kapena Mphindi ina. Ndipotu, dziko la zinthu cholinga zinalembedwa ndakatulo m'nyimbo mwa zitsanzo za wolemba awo. Events ndi zochitika sindikufuna zambiri mu ntchito ya msangamsanga ndipo mwachindunji fano. Iwo ali osindikizidwa ndi zimene m'njira yakuti iwo chifukwa wolemba. Amenewa ndi ndakatulo oyambirira Mayakovsky.

Ndakatulo akhoza adalitsidwe zosiyanasiyana zochitika - chikondi, kapena nkhondo pakati pa makalasi, kutsutsana za cholinga cha luso maulendo kunja. Nkhani ya zochitika ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi mawu a maganizo ndi malingaliro a wolemba, kuwulula ake "Ine". Maganizo osangozipereka enieni maganizo zilandiridwenso. Dziko luso la ndakatulo oyambirira Mayakovsky akuwonetseredwa mu chifaniziro chawo zodabwitsa moyo, zochitika zandale. Mbali maganizo alipo mu mukubwadamuka ndi kupanga katswiri. Si kukokomeza kuona kuti lyricism ntchito ngati njira zinathandiza komanso mukuchitika mphamvu ntchito ndakatulo, iwo Tingaone ngakhale ntchito zimene amapanga zosagwirizana lyric lapansi.

Chikhalidwe otsutsana a wolemba

Ngakhale pamaso pa lyricism mu ndakatulo Mayakovsky zambiri iwo kutsutsana. Mwachitsanzo, Tingaone mu ntchito ya "Ufulu", pamene iye analankhula za amaonera malangizo a "udani." anachita Polemically-ankhanza, azungu umadutsa ntchito yonse ya wolemba. Mu mawonekedwe makamaka Baranaba umakaphatikizana kuti chikondi lathu. Ntchito wolemba unkagwiritsidwa kusakhutira ndi mwayi chikhalidwe cha kudzikonda anapeza. Zonse kufufuza, kufuna kufutukula malire a zilandiridwenso - malingaliro omwe ati ndakatulo oyambirira Mayakovsky. Kulemba ntchito iliyonse chofunika malo lingaliro.

Mbali maganizo

Chirichonse chimene chinachitika mu moyo wanga, chidwi mokhudza mu wolemba. Iye anali ndi maganizo wapadera wa zochitika. Chilichonse chichitike mu moyo wanu, ngakhale pa mtunda wautali, iye anatenga monga mwini, magazi ake, nkhani kwambiri munthu. Mwakathithi wolemba maganizo anachita chododometsa sakakwana mitundu miyambo m'nyimbo. Iye anafuna malo akuti. Mitu Mayakovsky oyambirira nyimbozo ndi osiyanasiyana. Analemba za moyo, chikondi, ndale, ndi mbiri. Zonsezi sapezeka ntchito zake monga maziko lakutali. Chochitika mu njira imodzi kapena dera lina la moyo ndi kiyi nkhani ya ntchito.

ndakatulo oyambirira Mayakovsky a - ndi zachilendo malangizo zaka mazana makumi awiri. Iye, mosiyana yapita ake, ambiri yokutidwa zenizeni za ndale komanso.

Kuyamba

Kumayambiriro zokwanira, Mayakovsky anachita chidwi zinthu mobisa chosintha. Monga ena ambiri mobisa, iye anagwidwa ndi kutsekeredwa m'ndende kwa miyezi 11 m'ndende Butyrskaya, mu chipinda chayekha. Tsoka la ndakatulo anaganiza Stolypin. Iwo anali pa malangizo ake wandende linatulutsidwa. Pamene anali ku ndende Mayakovsky kuwerenga kwambiri. Atatuluka, anafunitsitsa mokhudza kugwira ntchito zaluso. Iye ankafuna kuti akonze malangizo zokomera. Chifukwa, Mayakovsky analowa Moscow Sukulu ya zomangamanga, zosemasema ndi kupenta. Kuyambira pamene iye penapake chidwi nkhondo chosintha. Pa maphunziro, anakumana ndi gulu la ndakatulo achinyamata ndi ojambula zithunzi. Iwo ankadzitcha ndiAmene wa luso la m'tsogolo - Futurists. Zonsezi m'njira yapadera mukopedwe oyambirira lyric Mayakovsky.

ntchito kulunjika

Katundu oyambirira nyimbozo ndi kuti Mayakovsky kulemera mtundu wanyimbo formations kwambiri mungoli, kufanizira zosayembekezereka zosangalatsa zithunzi. Chenicheni ozungulira kwa mwini kuoneka chamoyo moyo, amene amadana amakonda, akuvutika. Ndakatulo humanizes dziko lenileni:

"Mapepala anali madzi pansi mimba.
Iwo anang'amba aziweyulira woyera dzino.
Panali kulira kwa chitoliro ndi - ngati Lily
chikondi ndi chilakolako ndi mapaipi amkuwa. "

Zojambula chidwi kuphatikiza miyambo unconnected dongosolo zooneka mizere. Timakhudzidwa mtima amphamvu. ndakatulo oyambirira Mayakovsky a Mwina nazo, koma masamba palibe aliyense osayanjanitsika.

zosangalatsa

Mu ntchito zake, wolemba amalenga chooneka bwino, zithunzi zosaiwalika. Makamaka akuonekera bwino mu ndakatulo monga "Port", "Morning", "Kodi inu?". Author bwinobwino zikugwirizana limodzi mfundo zosiyanasiyana mwamtheradi. Ndiyamika kubalana n'zosadabwitsa molondola, kugwiritsa ntchito zikwapu atawonadi Mayakovsky mu ngodya zosayembekezereka, mizere kuloweza tikuona m'maganizo anga. wolemba chimasonyeza "mzinda adische" pamene palibe chisangalalo ndi chimwemwe. Zolunda ndi katundu malo "anapsa kotala", "zokhotakhota kavalo", "nyumba zikuluzikulu ufumu." M'misewu ndi "trams wotopa", dzuwa litalowa zikuoneka kuti wolemba , "chomwe chimatsatira diso," mphepo akuoneka wachisoni ndi zoopsa. City zimakubanikitsani ndi chikundikakamiza wolemba ndakatulo, ndipo anawatcha onyansa.

tsoka

ndakatulo oyambirira Mayakovsky ndi odzala ndi chisoni, kuvutika maganizo. Izi zimaoneka mu ntchito ya "Ine". Mutu wa kusungulumwa kumaonekera ndi mphamvu osiyana m'mavesi zosiyanasiyana: "Ine ndatopa," "Mverani", "Zongopereka", etc. Mu ntchito "mmene ozizira" wolemba amatanthauza chilengedwe, mawu ake wodzazidwa ndi mavuto maganizo .:

"Ndipo ichi,
ndine
adakutokosani kumene?
Kodi mu sitolo kwa ine phanga? "

ndimakukondani

Ngakhale Mayakovsky ngwazi iye wapeza chipulumutso. Iye anachita kwa mwatsatanetsatane, nzeru yaikulu - chifukwa zochepa, kuti sakugwirizana. Tikapeza ndi chikondi chotero, ngwazi ya sichitha kukhala chisoni ndipo kopanda. maganizo ake kudziipitsa ndi ananyoza mchikakamizo ubale katundu. Mwachitsanzo, mu ndakatulo "mtambo Buluku" ankakonda ngwazi akana ankaona Afilisti chitukuko. A motif ofanana Tingaone mu ndakatulo "Munthu". mankhwala agulitsa wokondedwa mbuye wa zonse, koma ndiribe kanthu a ndakatulo iyi. Mlembi amanena kuti chikondi chenicheni alibe malo mwa mfundo yonyansa.

zolinga

Mayakovsky a m'nyimbo ngwazi amafuna ndithane ndi kusungulumwa. Iye amapita kwa anthu, amayesetsa kuti, poganiza kuti thandizo lawo ndi chisoni. Kwa amuna, mawu mtundu, anali wokonzeka kupereka chuma chawo chonse wauzimu. Koma adzakhala akuyembekezera anakhumudwa kwambiri: iye palibe ankazimva, palibe amene akufuna. Wazunguliridwa ndi khamu ziwembu zopulula. M'nyimbo ngwazi ndipo lili ndi zinthu coarse, zina, ngakhale choonadi. Choncho, ntchito yake "mawu abwino apa ndi zimene muzichitika katangale" nkhani "amakondwerera" mphamvu ya ndalama, "kutonza" anthu ntchito, "asatambira" kutchova ndi racketeers. Choncho anafotokoza olamulirawo wake wapamwamba amene abisa ululu woona wa Izitu n'zovutitsa zomvetsa chisoni. chigoba Izi wolemba amaika chifukwa chachikulu kusimidwa, kutopa m'chikaiko chowakaikitsa, masewera a karati ndi philistinism, "hulk" zoyipa.

Kudziwa

ndakatulo oyambirira Mayakovsky ndi odzala ndi mavuto. ntchito zake anaika maziko a luso, anaikira misa. Iwo woyambitsa "roughened" chosavuta. Ntchito m'gulu rem ndi zithunzi munthu. Iwo amalankhula za ndakatulo iyi palibe kugwirizana ndi Futurists. Mu ntchito za wolemba wamng'ono anazindikira mfundo ndi zinthu, Kudziwa. Mkota maganizo ndi malingaliro akusinthika mu chogwirika, zooneka kwenikweni. Reification ali ndi ntchito ndi zigawenga zaumunthu khalidwe. ntchito Tingaone kuti panalibe Futurists - zili chikhalidwe.

Mugone chikhalidwe

Mayakovsky kutifotokozera analalikira luso latsopano. Iye anapereka kuponya Pushkin ndi upamwamba ena ku "chombo cha modernity". Komabe, kupenda akamanena za ntchito za Mayakovsky, inu mosavuta mme- kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe Russian, ndicho Zotengera Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin. wolemba anatsatira chakale kalembedwe mwambo. Makamaka bwino kwambiri ndi malumikizanidwe ndi ntchito za Nekrasov, imene malo ofunika wotanganidwa fanizo capitalist mzinda. Mchitidwe pathos zilandiridwenso Mayakovsky ofanana ndi Gorky mabuku. Choncho kuwulula pankhaniyi mutu wa ndakatulo "Munthu". Komabe, chinthu chachikulu chimene chimabweretsa wolemba zapamwamba za - ndi boma ndakatulo, Kuyankha kwake kwa chodabwitsa ano.

pathos yovuta

Prerevolutionary lyric ndakatulo ndi umafananirako kuti ndakatulo ndi akutumikira monga chiyambi cha izo. Mu ntchito za matchalitchi motif alipo. Mutu wa "anthu ndi ndakatulo" ali ndi malo lalikulu la nyimbo. The World Choyamba wakhala zovuta zofunika kwa magulu ambiri zolembalemba ndi luso. Iye ananenanso mitundu kwawo, ankasonyeza mtima woona zinthu za fuko, zosowa za anthu. Kuwayankha ndakatulo wake "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, Mayakovsky pachimake ndale amayankha chikhalidwe chake imperialist. Ntchito wolemba anayamba kukula pathos yovuta. mawu ake anakumbukira zisinthe anatsutsa kokapha imperialist. Izi zimaoneka m'ntchito monga "Napoleon ndi Ine", "Inu!" ndi ena.

Vuto la moyo wa munthu

Mutu umenewu momveka bwino kwambiri zimene akufotokoza mawu a Mayakovsky. Iye amalankhula za kukhalapo kwa munthu pansi bizinesi, amalimbikitsa odzipereka kwa mdani wake. Wolemba ndakatulo ntchito zake limasonyeza ndondomeko ya dehumanization ndi maganizo a anthu okha, wokhala mbali yaikulu ya anthu bourgeois. wolemba limavumbula Bodza Acmeists chikusonyeza zamasiku, kukongoletsa khalidwe ndichiyembekezo awo. ndakatulo za "zonenepa Sytina" anauzidwa ndi dziko bourgeois, "tweeted zinziri" andakatulo, masikolala, acolytes a "khate" - capitalist mzinda.

Mlembi amanena kuti anthu kalasi kulumala okongola ndi amphamvu ku chikhalidwe cha munthu. Mu ntchito zake, iye anasonyeza kudana exploiters ndi chikondi cha mtendere anthu, akapolo, anthu ovutika ankangodzigwera kachitidwe. Iye amaimira kuwuka kwa chikumbumtima anthu. Dongosolo capitalist limaletsa anthu kutha auzimu. Kotero anamvetsetsa, ndipo ndipamene fano la ngwazi opanduka. The zosemphana ndi chilengedwe zinalili poyamba monga kusagwirizana ndi gulu, ndiye wayamba kukhala ndi chikhalidwe zambiri zochokera.

Mu njira ya kulimbikitsa zolinga za ndale komanso mu ntchito yake wolemba kutali ku mwambo wa Futurists. Chikutanthauza kusiyana kuwulula kwambiri pakati pa kapepala "Inu!" ndi mankhwala a "Nate!". Woyamba linalembedwa ndi zaka chimodzi ndi theka pambuyo wachiwiri. The ndakatulo, "Apa inu!" zamanyazi maganizo Mayakovsky zikusonyeza khamu. Iwo amakhala yekha ndi zizindikiro kunja. Kapepalako "Inu!" yodziwika ndi apamaliro kutchulidwa ndale. Apa, wolemba poyera munthu msewu si chotero, koma anthu ofuna kupindula nkhondo.