Dziko Czech Republic: history, makhalidwe, likulu, anthu, chuma, Pulezidenti

Dziko Czech Republic - ndi dziko laling'ono. Iwo lili kwambiri mtima wa Europe. Ife tonse tikudziwa dziko ndi pafupi ku Czech Republic. Pajatu malire ndi Poland ndi Germany, Slovakia ndi Austria. Chotero yabwino Hrs udindo pa mphambano ya njira zamalonda ku Ulaya Asia, wofatsa nyengo ndiponso wodzaza mchere akasupe mwandipatsa dziko la Czech Republic mwayi waukulu kuti alemere. Chaka chilichonse mamiliyoni alendo nkhosa kuno ku ngodya zonse za dziko thanzi lawo mu spas ndi, mumasilira dziko wapadera ndi wakale nyumba yake ya zomangamanga.

Bohemia ndi otukuka mwapamwamba ndipo anapanga mtundu. Ndipotu, iwo anadutsa ulemu ndi yovuta anatsata kutha zokomera msasa. Kodi lero ali ndi maganizo kunyadira Czech Republic? chuma dziko mu malo oyamba, amene ali malo wachiwiri mwa Eastern Europe States.

apaulendo

Dziko Czech Republic mu msika alendo salembedwa ogaŵikana zitatu: spa, kutsetsereka ndi kukawona tchuthi. Pakuti okonda lonse pulogalamu chikhalidwe akulimbikitsidwa kukaona Plzeň, Brno, Český Krumlov, Ostrava ndipo, ndithudi, Prague.

Amafuna thanzi lanu kupita kumadzulo kwa dziko. Pamene anaikira a pogwiritsa waukulu monga Marianske Lazne, Karlovy zosiyanasiyana Kynžvart. Kwa ski holideyo Czech Republic amapereka madera ake kum'mawa. Apa kumalire ndi Poland ali pogwiritsa monga Harrachov, Spindleruv Mlyn, Rokytnice nad Jizerou ndi Vítkovice.

Mu dziko lino zodabwitsa anatsala oposa awiri ndi theka zikwi a nyumba zakale anakantha ndi zomangamanga yake yapadera. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti Czech Republic kusangalala kuyendera ojambula zithunzi m'mabuku okonda akale ndi connoisseurs. N'kufika ku dziko kamodzi kokha, sikutheka kufika nambala yaikulu malo akupezeka pa madera ake. N'chifukwa chake alendo ambiri kubwerera kuno kawiri kawiri.

Kodi wina amakopeka ulendo Czech Republic? Kufotokozera za dziko N'zosatheka nkhani ya zakudya choyambirira ndi zokoma. Ndi ufulu weniweni kwa gourmets, kukakamiza anthu ena nthawi kuyiwala za zakudya ndi za circumference a m'chiuno mwanu.

A paradaiso weniweni padziko lapansi ndi Czech Republic ndi okonda mowa. Apa, maphikidwe amapezeka ndi miyambo yokonza kumwa anapereka yaikulu zosiyanasiyana mitundu.

madera

Dziko Czech Republic kumpoto ali ndi malire 658 Km ndi Poland, kumpoto chakumadzulo, kumadzulo ndi Germany - 646 Km, kummawa kwa Slovakia - 214 Km, kum'mwera kwa Austria - 362 Km. Choncho, kutalika kwa malire onse a boma ndi 1880 Km.
Dera la Czech Republic ali ndi malo osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Choncho, dera kumadzulo kwa Bohemia ili mu chigwa cha mitsinje monga Vltava ndi Labe. Wazunguliridwa ndi mapiri otsika.

The kum'mawa kwa Czech Republic - ndi gawo la Moravia. Komanso imachitika padziko undulating. Kudera limeneli mu beseni wa Morava Mtsinje. Ku Czech Republic palibe kuchoka ku nyanja. Komabe, iwo onse amapita mtsinje ake. Iwo kugwera mu Nyanja Black, ndi Baltic ndi North Pacific.

Mapiri apamwamba a dziko zili mbali ya kumpoto. Iwo amatchedwa Kokonoshi. Ndi apamwamba phiri snowball. Iwo limatuluka pamwamba pa nyanja mamita 1600.

Pezani Czech Republic pa mapu a dziko lapansi angathe kukhala ndondomeko madigiri 49 masekondi 45 kumpoto kumpoto ndi madigiri 15 longitude masekondi 30 kum'mawa. Uwu ndi mtima wa Europe. Kuti kutsimikizira izi, monga kukaona malo, yomwe ili pakati pa mizinda ya Pilsen ndi Cheb. Ndi apa kuti chizindikiro chikumbutso, lomwe lili ndi mawu akuti "Center ya Europe".

Dziko ndi 78.866 makilomita lalikulu. M'dera chake cha Czech Republic tithe TH 115 mu dziko. awiri pa zana a gawo - pamwamba madzi.

nyengo

Czech Republic - Dziko ndi nyengo chodabwitsa. Nyengo pano ndi mwachilungamo wofatsa. otentha kwambiri m'dera ichi ndi kwa mlungu umodzi pa chaka. nyengo omasuka amasangalala dziko nyengo zonse. Chilimwe pali anapereka kutentha ambiri osiyanasiyana madigiri makumi awiri, ndi thermometer yozizira pafupifupi alibe kusiya m'munsimu "opanda 3". Chotero nyengo yabwino analengedwa ndi makhalidwe chokhala ndi apanyanja. Iwo amachepetsa kungasokoneze mphepo pamalo lamapiri.

utsogoleri magawano

Pa mapu munakwanisa kuona zigawo za dziko khumi ndi zitatu kapena m'mbali. Waukulu likulu la dziko ndi likulu lake - mzinda wa Prague.

ziti (konsekonse) ndi mbali ya dziko lino European? Analembamo izi:

• Central.
• Plzeň.
• South Bohemia Region.
• Karlovy zosiyanasiyana.
• Ústí nad Labem.
• Karlovegradetsky.
• Liberec.
• South Moravian.
• Slomoutsky.
• Pardubice.
• Moravskosilevsky.
• Zlín.
• Vysocina.

nkhani

Dera la Republic Czech anali litadzala ndi anthu ngakhale pa Age Stone. Kungotchula oyambirira a dziko anapezeka m'masiku chibwenzi m'mbuyo m'zaka za m'ma 9. Nthawi imeneyi, gawo Czech Republic anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa akalonga Premyslid.

Dzina yachiwiri ya mayiko amenewa - Bohemia. Izo zinachitika pa wakale fuko Acelt, okhala gawo ili masiku ano North Bohemia. Pamene iwo katswiri mayiko amenewa mafuko Germany - Marcomanni, pa kusintha zomwe m'zaka za m'ma 5 kuno Asilavo. Akale ndi anali makolo a Czechs lero.

pachimake boma Asilavo wafika pamwamba pa zaka za m'ma 11. Nthawi imeneyi, iye ankatchedwa Wamkulu Moravia, ndipo anali malo chidwi, zimene zinaphatikizapo dziko panopa Slovakia, Bohemia ndi gawo la Hungary ndi Austria.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti palibe mudziwe mbiri mmene mzindawo unali likulu la boma ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zinachitika kuwonongeka. Ambiri mwina, nkhaniyi kuti panali nkhondo zambiri boma. Amadziwika kuti Great Moravian linali dziko Mkhristu ndi Baptist ake anali atumwi Mefody ndi Cyril (komanso Russia).

M'nthawi ya 17. Czech Ufumu mbali ya Austria-Hungary, ndipo pambuyo kugwa kwake mu 1928, panali gulu la Carpathian Ruthenia, Slovakia ndi Czech Republic. m'mayikowa anadziwika monga Czechoslovakia. Mu 1939 dziko anali kulamulidwa ndi asilikali a Nazi Germany. Kumasulidwa anabwera yekha kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, pamene asilikali analowa Czechoslovakia USSR. Pambuyo pake, dziko adalowa Commonwealth zokomera.

Komabe, mu mochedwa 80 ntchentche Czechoslovakia anakumbatira zitsanzo misa ndi zionetsero. Onsewo zachititsa otchedwa Velvet utasintha. Pambuyo ndi kunyanyala chachikulu-ang'ono, zomwe zinachititsa kusintha kwa boma. Dziko lotsogoleredwa ndi dissident kale ndipo Wolemba wina Vaclav Havel.

01.01.1993 Czechoslovakia anali mwamtendere ogaŵikana limati awiri. m'gawo lake anapanga mayiko awiri - Slovakia ndi Czech Republic. mbiri dziko pambuyo amene anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe paokha. Choncho, mu 1999, boma wakhala membala wa NATO, ndipo mu 2004 - ndi membala EU. Popeza 2007, Czech Republic nawo mu pangano Schengen, mwachitsanzo, munthu amene ali ndi chitupa cha visa chikapezeka wa dziko lino, angathe popanda chopinga chilichonse kupita ku Ulaya.

kapangidwe andale

Dziko Czech Republic ndi dziko ndi demokalase womuimira. Ndi wopanikizika, ndiwo wa mphamvu za ndale ndi anthu, koma anapereka matupi osiyanasiyana nthumwi ya utsogoleli boma. Czech Republic - lipabliki aphungu. nthambi yake wamkulu ndi Pulezidenti ndi boma. Yotsirizira, nayenso ali ndi udindo kwa Komiti ya akuluakulu.

Mutu wa boma Czech - pulezidenti. Kuyambira 01.27.2013 mpaka lero positi ali wotanganidwa ndi Milos Zeman. M'malo Vaclav Klaus.

Miloš Zeman - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ziwerengero wotchuka kwambiri wa ndale ku Ulaya. maganizo amenewa za izo anapanga kudzera lolimba munthu udindo wa mtsogoleri wa Czech Republic ndi mawu osokoneza. M'pofunikanso kuti panopa pulezidenti wa Czech Republic, mosiyana ndi andale ambiri European, mothandizidwa zochita Russia a m'madera ambiri. Milos Zeman maganizo zambiri umatsutsana ndi mawu a Brussels. Ndiponso malo ake ndi yovuta mokwanira.

Pankhani ya Czech yamalamulo, ndi bicameral. Pa kapangidwe ake ndi Komiti ya akuluakulu ndi Senate. Komiti ya akuluakulu amapereka ntchito ya mazana awiri anthu ake, amene amasankhidwa ndi anthu pakatha zaka zinayi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mfundo ya chifaniziro njila. Kukulitsa gawo limodzi la Senate kumachitika kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri. Pankhaniyi, aliyense wa senators 81 anapereka zisanu ndi chimodzi lamulo.

Guarantor a ufulu wa mtundu Czech ndi Constitutional Court. Iwo wapangidwa ndi oweruza 15 apatsidwa mphamvu chiyembekezo chakuti malamulo amene zikutsutsana malamulo a dziko.

anthu

Czech Republic tsopano gawo la mndandanda wa mayiko populata. Malinga ndi ziwerengero atsopano, anthu ake pang'ono anthu oposa 10 miliyoni. Chakhumi a iwo amakhala ku likulu la bomali - Prague. Onse a anthu, m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, makamaka anaikira mu mizinda ina.

Kwa zaka zambiri ku Czech Republic ndi Kuwonjezeka kukula zachilengedwe anthu. Ichi ndi chifukwa yafupika imfa ndi kukula chonde. Kuwonjezera kukula zachilengedwe pali inflow a alendo. Komanso kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha boma European.

chinenero

Pa mbiri yakale ya Czech Republic pa m'gawo lake ankakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mafuko. Koma masiku ano, 95% ya anthu - ndi Czechs. Iwo kusunga miyambo yawo dziko. Great kulemekeza ndi ulemu anasangalala ndi kudziŵa za mizu zakale zomwe ayenera kunyadira Czech Republic. Chilankhulo cha dziko - Czech. Iye anati anthu a boma, ngakhale kapangidwe kake loloseredwa ankaimira Zitsulo Slovaks, Roma, Germany ndi Ayuda. Kumene, iwo ali ochepa Komabe, nzika zonse kunachitika a dziko.

Pakali pano, anthu dziko la Czech Republic amagwiritsa adzitha atatu ambiri chilankhulo gulu. Apa, anthu amalankhula, kum'mawa, ndi srednemoravskom Czech. The chinenero boma la dziko anali apulumuke pa makhalidwe otayirira zaka Germanization. chitsitsimutso chake chinachitika mu zaka za m'ma 18 monga mabuku. Koma ndiye Czech kunadetsa anayamba kudutsa mu miyoyo ya anthu wamba, inasanduka tsiku.

Pakali pano, chinenero boma la dziko zikumveka m'misewu ya m'mizinda yake. Achinyamata nthawi yomweyo lamulo wabwino wa English, ndi Achikulire mosavuta amasuntha ku German.

Prague

Major mzinda m'madera ndi malo otchuka alendo mu Europe ndi likulu la dziko Czech. Chaka chilichonse Prague anachezeredwa ndi apaulendo oposa 6. Mu mzinda uwu kulandiridwa ndi kaso Cholinga aliyense amene amadziwa zomangamanga ndi kuona kukoma kwa mowa.

Kuyambira kale, Prague ali m'gulu la mizinda yokongola kwambiri ku Ulaya. Ndipo izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi dzina lake. Choncho, za mzinda uwu zina zodabwitsa kuti "Golden Prague" kapena "Mzinda wa spiers zana" ndi "mwala maloto".

Likulu la Republic Czech - ndi cobbled misewu ing'onoing'ono, chodabwitsa kukongola ndi Charles Bridge, komanso nambala yaikulu zokopa osiyana.

Tsiku lenileni la chiyambi sakudziwika Prague. Komabe, kale m'zaka 15 mu mbiri kumeneko amatchula za chionetsero pa confluence a Vltava ndi Berounka mitsinje. Maphunziro a Prague Castle anali m'zaka za m'ma 9. M'zaka za zana lotsatira, Prague walandira udindo likulu la ufumu Czech. chitukuko mofulumira mzindawo unali mwa m'ma 12. Anakhala likulu la Austria ndi Hungary.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, dziko la Germany linalanda Prague. Komabe, mwamwayi, ikuchitika pa unathandiza gawo asilikali sanadutsitse kuwonongedwa kwa nyumba wapadera mbiri.

Mu zaka pambuyo nkhondo panali yapansi ku likulu la Czech Republic. Crescendo anali kumanga okhala latsopano.

Pambuyo chigonjetso cha Velvet utasintha, Prague wakhala umodzi mwa mizinda zotchuka kwambiri pokopa alendo mu Europe. likulu lake mbiri anazindikira mwa UNESCO cholowa.

Pakali pano, anthu ambiri a Republic Czech likulu la anthu oposa 1.3 miliyoni. Amakhala m'zigawo 15, anawerengedwa malinga patali ndi pakati. Pa mapu mukhoza kuwona iwo anakonza kutsogolo.

chuma dziko

Chifukwa cha chuma cha Czech luso lopanga ndi zamagetsi, makampani chakudya ndi chitsulo ndi zitsulo mafakitale ntchito ndi kumanga. Mmodzi wa opambana kwambiri tsiku, mayiko pambuyo chikominisi ndi Czech Republic.

Makhalidwe a m'dziko mawu zachuma umboni mukhale mtendere wa ndalama zake. Pambuyo pa Velvet utasintha, Czech Republic anatengera kwa mphamvu Czechoslovak inefficient ndi zachilengedwe oipa kupanga. Masiku amenewo, waukulu kwambiri nawo gawo kupanga anatenga akakhala zitsulo, ntchito pa zipangizo kunja yaiwisi, ndipo makampani asilikali ndi luso lopanga.

Pankhani malonda yachilendo, ndi makamaka cholinga zosowa za Soviet Union, lomwe kwambiri akulephera kukula kwa chuma.

Pambuyo kupeza ufulu wodzilamulira, boma la Czech Republic wapanga ena kusintha kwakukulu. Iwo anathetsa lamulo centralized a mitengo, anayambitsa ufulu wa ogwira ntchito payekha, inathetsedwa ndi okhawo a boma la malonda lachilendo ikuchitika wamba ndi katundu mkuntho. Chifukwa inflow wa ndalama zakunja Czech Republic yakhazikitsa yaifupi zotheka nthawi wamakono ndi kukonzanso kwa mafakitale ndi zachitika thandizo zofunika ndi zomangamanga luso.

Pakali pano, Czech Republic waona kukula mofulumira GDP. Ichi ndi chifukwa kukula kwa gawo mafakitale ndi kuchepetsa gawo la zitsulo akakhala ndi kupanga wopita usilikali. Ngati nkhani gawo ndi magalimoto mankhwala magetsi. Izi zinathandiza kuti Czech Republic kulowa malonda zotsala. bwino zidatheka ngakhale kukula mofulumira imports mu dziko mafuta ndi gasi mitengo.

M'pofunikanso kuti kukula kwa malonda akunja pa munthu mu dziko ndi mkulu, ndi patsogolo pa mayiko monga UK ndi Japan, Italy ndi France.