Kodi chinthu hydrophobic?

Anthu ena mwayi mu maphunziro umagwirira sukulu pa osati wosangalatsa kulemba kulamulira ndi kuwerengera misa molar kapena amasonyeza valence, komanso kuyang'ana momwe mphunzitsi amachititsa zatsopano. Zonse mu chimango zimenezo ngati madzi matsenga machubu ndi sizimadziwika kusintha mtundu, kapena china chilichonse akhoza amaphulika kapena kuwotcha mwabwino. Mwina monga zodabwitsa koma chokuchitikirani chidwi, omwe ntchito zinthu hydrophilic ndipo hydrophobic. Mwa njira, ndichiyani ndi zimene amachita chidwi?

thupi katundu

Mu umagwirira kalasi kudutsa chinthu chotsatira cha tebulo nthawi, komanso zinthu zonse zofunika, ine ndikutsimikiza panali yokhudza makhalidwe awo osiyana. Kuphatikizapo bwanji katundu wawo thupi: osalimba, boma akaphatikiza m'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, limatsogolera ndi kuwira mfundo, kuuma, mtundu, madutsidwe magetsi, matenthedwe madutsidwe, ndi ena ambiri. Nthawizina ine anachitira ndi makhalidwe monga hydrophobicity kapena hydrophilicity, payokha, monga ulamuliro, silikunena. Nthawiyi, ndi ndithu gulu chidwi zinthu zomwe mosavuta nawo pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Choncho m'pofunika kuphunzira zambiri za iwo.

hydrophobe

Zitsanzo mosavuta m'moyo. Kotero, inu simungakhoze kusakaniza madzi ndi mafuta - amadziwika onse. Si kupasuka, koma amakhalabe thovu akuyandama kapena filimu padziko, chifukwa kachulukidwe n'chozama. Koma chifukwa nanga zinthu zambiri hydrophobic?

Childs gulu monga mafuta, ena mapulotini zidulo mkati komanso silicones. Mankhwala dzina amachokera ku mawu achigiriki hydor - madzi ndi phobos - mantha, koma sizikutanthauza kuti mamolekyulu ndi mantha. Mwachidule, ndi ochepa kapena insoluble, iwo amatchedwa sanali kumalo ozizira. Mtheradi hydrophobicity sizichitika, ngakhale zinthu zimene zinkaoneka Kodi samva ndi madzi, komabe kuyamwa izo, ngakhale mu kufufuza ndalama. Zochita kukhudzana a zinthu ndi H ₂ O zikuoneka ngati filimu kapena m'malovu, kapena madzi amakhalabe padziko natenga mawonekedwe a mpira, popeza ali wamng'ono pamwamba m'dera ndi kupereka kukhudzana kochepa.

katundu Hydrophobic anafotokoza mwa dongosolo mankhwala zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Izi amagwirizana ndi kukopa otsika mamolekyulu madzi, monga izo zimachitika Mwachitsanzo, chimasanduka.

zinthu hydrophilic

Dzina la gulu ili, monga tikhoza ndikuganiza, nayenso, amachokera ku mawu achigiriki. Koma mu nkhani iyi, gawo lachiwiri la philia - chikondi, ndipo ziri mwangwiro amadziwika ubale wa zinthu izi kwa madzi - wathunthu "kumvetsetsa" ndi solubility kwambiri. Mu gulu ili, nthawi zina amatchedwa "kumalo ozizira" akuphatikizapo alcohols yosavuta, dzuwa, amino zidulo ndi zina zotero. D. Choncho iwo adzalandira makhalidwe amenewa chifukwa iwo ndi mkulu kukopa mphamvu kuti zamoyo madzi. Kwenikweni zoona, zinthu zonse ndi hydrophilic Pamlingo wamkulu kapena wamng'ono.

amphiphilic

Ndipo kodi n'zotheka kuti thunthu hydrophobic mwina onse hydrophilic ndi katundu? Likukhalira, inde! Gulu la zinthu otchedwa diphilic kapena amphiphilic. Iwo likukhalira kuti wina ndi molekyulu chomwecho mwina matabwa ake monga sungunuka - kumalo ozizira ndi madzi sangalowe - zinthu nonpolar. katundu amenewa Mwachitsanzo, adzalandira mapulotini ena, lipids, surfactants, ma polima, ndi mapeputisayidi. Pokhudzana ndi madzi iwo amapanga nyumba osiyana supramolecular: monolayers, liposomes, micelles, bilayer zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, vesicles, etc. The magulu kumalo ozizira mu nkhani iyi ndi zochokera kwa madzi ...

Meaning ndi ntchito mu moyo

Kuwonjezera mogwirizana wa madzi ndi mafuta, angapezeke ambiri umboni kuti zinthu hydrophobic amapezeka kulikonse. Choncho, woyera padziko zitsulo, semiconductors, ndi khungu nyama, zomera masamba, chitin pachikuto cha tizilombo ndi matenda ofanana.

Mu chikhalidwe, onse a mitundu mankhwala ndi ofunika. Choncho, hydrophiles ntchito yonyamula zakudya nyama ndi zomera, mapeto mankhwala a kagayidwe ali ndi makhalidwe ndi njira ya madzi kwachilengedwenso. zinthu Non-kumalo ozizira kodi ndi yofunika zikuluzikulu mapangidwe nembanemba selo ndi permeability kusankha. Ndicho chifukwa chake katundu awa mbali yofunika kwambiri mu njira kwachilengedwenso.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, asayansi yokonza zipangizo zatsopano hydrophobic mungathe kuteteza zosiyanasiyana zipangizo wetting ndi kuipitsidwa, motero kulenga ngakhale kudziletsa kuyeretsa pamalo. Zovala, mankhwala zitsulo, zipangizo zomangamanga, galimoto galasi - ntchito zosiyanasiyana. liwunikidwenso pankhaniyi zidzapangitsa kuti chitukuko cha zinthu multifobnyh, limene lidzakhala maziko a kali dothi-kufumbwa. Mwa kupanga zipangizo zimenezi, anthu angapulumutse nthawi, ndalama ndi chuma, ndi adzatha kuchepetsa chilengedwe kuipitsidwa okonza. Kotero kuti pofuna kungatithandize.