Mikuluwiko za nyanja ndi mayankho. Mwambi za Pacific Ocean. Mikuluwiko za mayiko ndi nyanja (kalasi 3)

Chiyambi ana zikuchitika mwa chithunzi - mwambo wakale osati lakamba zambiri za M'maso mwa ana, koma nawonso anathandiza kuti chitukuko cha nzeru. Mwamsanga pamene anthu aphunzira zokhudza kapangidwe ka dziko lapansi, nyenyezi, mapulaneti, m'mbali mwa kuwala, ndi zina zambiri, kubwera ndi masamu kwa iwo.

Lero, ophunzira kuphunzira za zinsinsi za mayiko ndi nyanja (kalasi 3) pa nkhani ya maphunziro "Dziko otizungulira."

Natural mbiri m'masukulu zamakono

Sukulu chilango "dzikoli" amaphunzitsa ku kalasi 1. Ngati chaka choyamba wophunzitsa ana kuphunzira siyana monga zamoyo ndi chikhalidwe zopanda moyo, zakutchire ndi zomera nakulitsa, mitundu mtengo, nyengo ndi zinyama, ndiye mu sitandade 2, iwo kuphunzira zochitika za chilengedwe, zizindikiro za dziko lawo, moyo wa mizinda ndi midzi, kufunika yosungira chilengedwe.

Chidwi zochepa lolipiridwa ndi ana, kuwathandiza kudziwa malo awo mu dziko ndi udindo izo. nkhani anasankha Amakonda zakudya zawo thupi ndi kufunika kwa zinthu zofunikira kuti ateteze ndi thanzi lawo.

Mu kalasi 3 amapeza zambiri mozama nzeru za dziko limene iwo akukhala, ndi mmene anthu ake. Pamsinkhu uwu, ophunzira akhoza kale kuwerenga izo pa mapu, tidziwe bwino kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe zopanda moyo ndi katundu, monga mpweya, madzi, miyala ndi mchere. Chidwi zochepa linaperekedwa ku madera achilengedwe ndipo anthu.

Kuti zatsopano ana bwino odzipereka, aphunzitsi ntchito masewero mawonekedwe a maphunziro, limene mbali ndi chinsinsi za mayiko ndi nyanja. 3 kalasi - uyu ndi m'badwo pamene ana sizimene kuloweza chuma, koma iwo akhoza kukamba za nkhani.

Mu folklore Russian pali masamu zambiri zoyenera malo ndi kapangidwe ka Dziko Lapansi, m'mlengalenga ndi zambiri zochitika zachilengedwe, zimene anthu anzeru anati zaka zambiri. Mwachitsanzo:

• Ine ndinapita ku mayiko ambiri, tidapita pa mitsinje, nyanja, analimba mtima anapita yekha pa pepala m'chipululu (mapu).
• A chidutswa ka dziko, koma chachikulu, ndipo kotero, ndi madzi (Island) mozungulira icho.
• Ufumu wa nsomba, anamgumi, nyama, starfish, modabwitsa, miyala yamtengo wapatali (Ocean).

mikuluwiko zoterezi lonselo ndi nyanja ndi waufupi kwambiri kuti amvetse ndi kukumbukira ana kalasi yachitatu. Njira kuphunzira kudzera kusewera amathandiza ophunzira kuphunzira zinthu bwino ndi kukumbukira izo.

Kuphunzira matupi a madzi pa dziko lapansi

Mu maphunziro 3 kalasi pa chilango "dziko The otizungulira" chifukwa familiarization mwatsatanetsatane ana lonse. Choyamba, ophunzira amafunsidwa kuti tione bwinobwino, ndi mtundu wanji izo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi - buluu ndi buluu, amene anasankhidwa ndi nyanja, mitsinje, nyanja ndi nyanja.

Kuti anyamata kumbukirani nyanja angati pa dziko, ndi chinsinsi za nyanja chifukwa Maphunziro 3 Mwachitsanzo:

• Izi amatunga wapamwamba onse padziko lapansi, ife tikupeza, chifukwa mu dziko ali owerengeka - yekha 4 (zinayi nyanja).

Ngakhale ophunzirawo sakuchitapo ingokumbukirani mayina a nyanja, chiwerengero chawo mu dziko iwo sakudziwa. Kuphunzira lonse - ndi imodzi mwa ntchito ndiwotani ana a zaka sukulu. Kudziŵa zimenezi kwambiri kukuza M'maso ana n'kukupatsani amayang'anitsitsa padziko lonse padziko lonse.

mithunzi osiyana a buluu padziko lapansi ana zokhudza akuya madzi, zimene zingakuthandizeni m'chitetezo zinsinsi za m'nyanja:

• Mwakuya ndi yaikulu puddles Padziko Lapansi kupeza (nyanja).
• Kachigawo lonse, kuya kwambiri, usana ndi usiku za Breg ukugunda kwa iwo ngakhale madzi akumwa, chifukwa insipid kwambiri ndi kowawa, ndi mchere (Ocean).
• Chabwino, asiyidwa madzi, tiwolokere mlandu apa ndi apa ndi apo, koma ngati mukufuna kumwa, bwenzi wanga, ali yense mchere ndimweko (Ocean).
• Amakhala ndi nyanja, inu, mzanga, yankhani posachedwa, ndi - osati kapu ya madzi, ndi wosatha ... (Ocean).

Chotero zinsinsi za m'nyanja kulola ana kuti zimenezi si malo aakulu kwambiri mu dziko, kuya awo ndipo m'lifupi mwa malo awo ndi zina khalidwe madzi.

Pacific

Onse danga madzi, kukumbatirana dzikoli, wotchedwa nyanja dziko. Akufufuta lonselo, ndipamene 4 Ocean, yaikulu ya chimene chimatchedwa Pacific kapena Wamkulu.

Mu kalasi 3, ophunzira kuphunzira madzi padziko lonse, ndipo malo awo. Pacific yaikulu mu dziko, koma si zonse wodekha ndi wofatsa. Dzina limeneli linaperekedwa kwa iye Magellan, amene anali mwayi zokwanira kusambira mu madzi ake mu nyengo bata. Ndipotu, mafunde ake akhoza kupanga madzi osefukira chachikulu ndi kuwononga mizinda lonse.

Ana amaphunzira kuti akuya ndi lalikulu nyanja ali ndi malire Mariana ngalande, anathamangira pansi zoposa 11 Km.

Pakuti maganizo bwino kwa chuma mmalo atsopano, inu mukhoza kudziwa ophunzira kuti pali chinsinsi za Pacific Ocean ndi mafunde ake, mwachitsanzo:

• M'nyanja tipite, monga mapiri buluu. Ocean - kwathu wokoma, ndipo ali ambiri mtunda kupita ku mphepo khoma lolimba, utatha mu bata (Mafunde).
• oopsa kwambiri chodabwitsa ndi mwayi pang'ono kuti adzapulumutsidwa, mikondo onse chachikulu, atenge njira ... (madzi osefukira).
• Iye ndi wamphamvu ndi wopambana, zambiri za izo mu nyanja, ndi ... (ndi Pacific Ocean).

mwambi amenewa ana a za Pacific (kalasi 3) amakhalabe kukumbukira ophunzira penti ija, oopsa ndi wokongola madzi dziko. Pambuyo mphindi masewero pa phunziro amapezeka yolusa zinthu bwino kuposa kuwerenga gawo mu bukuli.

Atlantic

makolo athu ankaganiza kuti Earth lathyathyathya anali nyanja chimodzi chokha, iwo otchedwa polemekeza ngwazi wamphamvu kwambiri yamakedzana - Atlanta.

Atlantic Ocean unakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi 40 miliyoni zapitazo, pamene Africa limodzi la kukula kwambiri ogaŵikana Africa, Europe, Antarctica, North ndi South America. Iye ali pa malo lachiwiri laulemu pa kukula ndi kuya pambuyo Pacific Ocean, koma pa 1 amenewa.

Ophunzira 3 kalasi anaziika tikuyidziwa nkhani madzi dziko mosungiramo kukhala ofunda Gulf Stream, amene amapereka kutentha mu mlengalenga monga mmene umabala miliyoni 1 munthawi yomweyo nyukiliya zomera mphamvu.

Choyamba anawoloka Atlantic pa caravels wa Columbus, amene analipo pa nthawi imeneyo kuopsa kwambiri chifukwa zombo ankadalira mphamvu ndi malangizo a mphepo. M'chitetezo nkhaniyo kungathandize mwambi za nyanja ana:

• Madzi kuchokera kuchipululu, kumene yoweyula ngati milu ya mchenga, pano pakati mikuntho malire buluu ndi mphepo.

Ntchito yaikulu ya chilango sukulu, monga "Dziko otizungulira", mu sitandade 3 ndicho dziŵani ophunzira kapangidwe ka dziko, nyama ndi zomera zake, n'zosavuta kuti mu mawonekedwe a masewera Mwachitsanzo, powapatsa ngati ubongo kulimbitsa thupi zinsinsi za nyanja kapena mayiko.

Indian nyanja

Dzikoli ndi dziwe pa malo 3 kukula ndi kuya, koma ali ndi ulamuliro mu kutentha kwa madzi, zomwe, ngakhale mu gawo kumpoto ndi mkangano digiri 35. Ana 3 kalasi khalani ndi chidwi kudziwa kuti kalelo nyanja wotchedwa East, koma Zapakati, malonda waukulu zodutsa pa izo zinali ku India, ndipo dzina la iye anapatsidwa dzina chomwecho.

No zochepa chidwi adzakhala chidwi asukulu chinsinsi za Indian Ocean kugwirizana ndi zachilendo zozungulira chowala wa madzi ake.

Mabwalo pansi anthu madzi anaonerera mobwerezabwereza, koma chodabwitsa za iwo kuti iwo amakhala ngati makandulo.

masamu amenewo ali ponseponse nyanja, monga Triangle Bermuda mu Atlantic kapena mafunde wakupha mu Pacific Ocean. Information za malo osangalatsa pa dziko kuthandiza ana chidwi makalasi wamng'ono chuma maphunziro ndi kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa za dziko owazungulira.

The Ocean Arctic

Ngati inu atenge madzi onse ku Pacific Ocean ndi Earth chihemacho, adzakhululukidwa kwathunthu kumizidwa ku 2700 m, kotero kuti nkhokwe yaikulu dziko. Za Ocean Arctic sitinganene, chifukwa ndi melenky kwambiri pakati pa abale awo.

Ana kufuna kudziwa kuti ndi thupi ozizira a madzi, ndi zambiri pachaka ndi kubisala pansi pa ayezi, ndi anthu ake - ndi kumalo ozizira zimbalangondo, anamgumi walrus, modabwitsa, nsomba yaing'ono, zomera, ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame, amene mukudziwa mbali ya madzi amaundana ngakhale mu nyengo aakulu.

Monga pali zinsinsi za Pacific Ocean ndi Arctic sitinaiwale za drafters wa m'nthano:

• Ocean kumpoto ozizira, ayezi lokutidwa, koma osaya.
• Small mu ayezi, osati kwambiri, ndi pa mapu ndi mkulu. Kodi mzati ndi chisanu, m'mapiko namondwe panyanja.

masamu amenewo ana a za m'nyanja adzalenga kucheza ndi ozizira madzi oundana lokutidwa mkulu, dzina limene Arctic Ocean.

M'maiko: North ndi South America

Kuwonjezera mithunzi buluu padziko lapansi pali mitundu - wachikasu, wabulauni, wobiriwira ndi woyera - izo dziko. graders Chachitatu tikuuzidwa kuti mayiko onse asanu ndi limodzi ndi pa dziko, ndipo ngati anthu anabwera ndi mikuluwiko za nyanja ndi mayankho, ndiye m'mayiko, zilumba ndipo zilumba zimenezi zili ngakhale komanso zinaonedwa:

• Pachilumba mphete ngati, ndi kubwerera n'kovuta, ndinapeza munthu padziko lapansi ... matanthwe (chilumba).
• Iye ndi yaing'ono ndi yaikulu, nthawi zonse atazunguliridwa ndi madzi (Island).

Ophunzira wachitatu kalasi ya anaziika ikuchitikira paliponse. Amadziwa kuti mu Chigawo cha Kumadzulo ndi kumtunda America, wopangidwa mwa magawo awiri - North ndi South. Tisanaone chuma ana anaphunzira za zinsinsi za m'nyanja, ndi zimenezo. Choncho, kumvetsa pamene auzidwa kuti kontinenti American kusamba ndi Pacific, Atlantic, ndi North America alinso Ocean Arctic.

umodzi wa mitsinje yaitali mu dziko, Mississippi ukuyenda mwa North America, ndi ku South - Amazon. Mwa mfundo zosangalatsa za Africa izi:

• Kumpoto ndi wa Bay a Fundy, amadziwika waukulu, mpaka mamita 17, mafunde.
• South America, ndi mathithi lapamwamba pa dziko - mamita 979.
• Apa pali mphamvu kwambiri pa mathithi a - Iguazu.
• Komanso, kum'mwera lili malo owoneka bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi - kwa Atacama chipululu.

Similar malo pa Africa American kwambiri, kotero lachitatu graders nkhaniyi adzakhala chidwi.

Africa ndi Australia

N'zokayikitsa kuti ana chinsinsi za ena nyanja zikumveka chidwi kwambiri kuposa nkhani ya kontinenti lonse sikukudziŵika. Africa - kontinenti lakutali, inali mbali zonse kwa dziko, ndi nyanja ya Atlantic ndi nyanja Indian.

Apa zonse zimene zingakope chidwi apaulendo wamng'ono, ophunzira Globe:

• Nkhalango, amene kukula maluwa okongola, prowling nyama zodya nyama ndi moyo mafuko zakutchire.
• Lalikulu udzu umene limatuluka baobabs amphamvu ndi anthu njovu, akadyamsonga ndi cheetahs.
• Hot chipululu kukula kwa nyanja.
• Apa Nile, amene anali chopunthira cha chikhalidwe lalikulu la Ancient Egypt.
• Ataliatali zonse za phiri lalikulu la Kilimanjaro.
• Mu Africa, pali zonse loyenda nyanja Victoria, Tanganyika ndi Chad.

zaka 150 zapitazo, kontinenti uyu anali katundu kwa Old ndi New World akapolo. Lero ali m'mayiko ambiri, wina ndi mbiri yake ndi chikhalidwe. Ana chidwi zinsinsi za Africa Mwachitsanzo:

• Red-hot ku kutentha kwa Sahara anathawira. Koma pakati m'tchire - njovu ndi anyani, mikango, mbidzi ndi zhirafihi kuyenda mu otentha ... (Africa).

The nyama ndi zomera a mu Africa ndi osiyanasiyana kuti zoyenera mabuku osiyanasiyana. Maphunziro pa chilango "Dziko" anadzipereka ku dziko lonselo, kuonetseratu ana a makalasi junior, monga momwe dziko lalikulu, wolemera zosiyanasiyana.

Africa zing'onozing'ono - Australia, amene atsukidwa ndi Pacific ndi nyanja ya Indian. ana ambiri mukudziwa izo, chifukwa kokha kuno moyo kangaroos, monga tanenera mwambiwo:

• Only mu dziko monga kutali kangaroo amakhala ochenjera. Iye sadzataya ana awo, ndi iwo mu thumba ndi (Australia).

Ndi pa dziko lino pali nyama sichingapezeke kwina - ndi echidna, platypus, koala. Chovala mikono ya dzina womwewo wa dziko limasonyeza kangaroo ndi emu, koma mochepa chidwi ndi zinyama za Australia. Pali kukula bulugamu ndi botolo mitengo zimene ndinazolowera nyengo otentha m'dzikoli. Limodzi nthawi zonse masamba anatembenuka m'mphepete pa dzuwa kuti kuwatentha, ndipo si kunyamula chinyezi ndi mtundu wina wa thunthu mu mawonekedwe a mabotolo a Limasonkhanitsa madzi ndi amathera pang'onopang'ono mu chirimwe.

Europe ndi ku Asia

Ngakhale chinsinsi za Pacific chilumba ana kapena ophunzirawo ndi chidwi, amakhala nkhani ya kulalikira, limene lili m'zigawo ziwiri za dziko - Europe ndi ku Asia. Ndi lalikulu kwambiri mu kukula nasamba nyanja onse, ndi folklore anatulukira iye mwambi:

• Mbali ya dziko ndi South America adalunzanitsidwa kosatha ndi gawo lina - Asia ndipo dzina lake ... (Europe ndi ku Asia).

Pa dziko lino ali zonse - ndi dziko mapiri Kumwambamwamba, ndi lonse, chakuya mitsinje, ndi zigwa ndi nkhalango zowirira, ndi nyanja mchere lalikulu, ndipo red-hot chipululu, ndi m'nyanja zakuya, choncho ndi wamkulu. Malowa ali pamtunda ku Ulaya, Asia ndi ku Russia.

Ndi apa kuti limatuluka apamwamba mu dziko, Phiri Qomolangma, ambiri adziwe dzina la phiri la Everest. Komanso mu Russia ndi Nyanja Baikal, anazindikira akuya mu dziko ndi nyanja yaikulu, wotchedwa ya Caspian.

Europe ndi ku Asia ndipo chili ndi chilumba yaikulu pa dziko - Mluya, limene pali mayiko monga Bahrain, Yemen, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, ndi UAE ndi Oman.

M'mayiko a kontinenti ichi kwambiri mchere, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, nkhalango ndi madambo anthu mitundu yambirimbiri ya nyama ndi mitsinje ndi wa nsomba. Ana m'kalasi 3 kalasi kuzindikira kuti dziko lawo - iyi ndi mbali Europe ndi Asia, pamene pali anthu ambiri amene ali m'zinenero zawo, chikhalidwe, luso ndi mbiri.

Antarctica

Last kumtunda ozizira ndi yovuta. Ndi ili ku kummwera ndipo ali ndi ayezi kuti kukwaniritsa makulidwe a 4 Km. Ngakhale iye zinsinsi kulibe Mwachitsanzo:

• Kodi pa mitengo ina ya dziko lapansi 2, pamene South adzapeza kontinenti yokutidwa ndi ayezi!
• Pano, pakati pa moyera-floes ayezi, chodetsa ndi penguin zofunika. Apa mosalekeza ozizira, penguin apa ngati kalozera. Iye ali okonzeka kufotokozera aliyense kudabwitsa ... (Antarctica).

Ngakhale kuti kontinenti ili pa Pole South zoona, apa kutentha kunsi kwa dziko, nthawi zina kufika madigiri -89. M'madera ena moyo anyani ndi kukula ndere ndi lichens, koma ambiri ndi m'chipululu.

Nthawi yokha okhala Madzi oundana izi - ndi asayansi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, amene amakhala mu Laboratories amphamvu ndi lotsekedwa maphunziro. anthu awa kuphunzira ayezi, chikhalidwe chake, malangizo ndi mphamvu ya mphepo ndi penyani anyani, yaikulu ya ndilo lotchedwa Imperial.

Antarctica kusamba ndi Kumwera Ocean, monga conventionally amadziŵika ndi oceanographers. Amakhala ndi madzi kum'mwera kwa Indian, Pacific ndi nyanja ya Atlantic. Ndipotu, chotero dziko madzi si kuboma, kotero za iye mpaka chithunzi si ndinagona pansi.