Udindo Hrs wa Urals: limatchula ndi peculiarities

Buku la, mapiri a Ural ndi dongosolo kuti ukugawa East European ndi West Siberia zigwa. M'litali kuposa makilomita 2,000, ndipo malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, ndi ngakhale zoposa 2500 Km (Mugodzhary anapatsidwa ranges kum'mwera ndi Pai-Khoi kumpoto). M'lifupi mwa mapiri ndi 40-200 Km.

makhalidwe General

Mapiri a Ural ali pakati akale kwambiri padziko lapansili. Ndicho chifukwa chake iwo ali poyerekeza ndi Andes kapena Tibet. Age Urals ali zaka zoposa 600 miliyoni. Pa nthawi yovuta imeneyi m'malo yaitali mchikakamizo cha mvula, mphepo ndi kugumuka zitunda anali kwenikweni anawonongedwa. Udindo Hrs wa Urals lachindunji kwambiri mfundo andale ndi azachuma maganizo. Koma zambiri zimene pansipa. m'dera wolemera kwambiri mchere zimapezeka miyala ya mkuwa, titaniyamu, magnesium, mafuta, malasha, bauxite, ndi ena. okwana pali akatswiri sikisite kuweruza ores ndi mchere.

History of anapeza

Malinga ndi mbiri ya boma ku mapiri a Ural ankagwidwa kalelo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, asayansi amatchula timva za iwo mu malemba Greek. Iwo amalankhula za mapiri Rhipaean (kapena Riphaeus) Imaus ndi Hyperborean. Lero kuli kovuta kudziwa zimene mbali ya Urals asayansi amati Rome ndi wakale Greece, chifukwa Nkhani zawo molemera imachitika nkhani zosiyanasiyana Fairy, nthano, ndipo ngakhale nthano zenizeni. Iwo konse ku malo awa, koma anamva iwo kuchokera mkamwa lachitatu. Komabe, ngati inu mukukhulupirira nthano anthu okhala mu Urals, anthu atakhazikika mu gawo ili kale kuwuka kwa Greece wakale. Kenako magwero Arab ndikuuzeni za dziko Yugra, kumene anthu amakhala Jurassic. Komanso Urals asayansi amanena mafotokozedwe m'mayiko monga Bulgaria, Visa, Yajuji, Ma'jooj ndi ena. Magwero onse Arab kuti madera awa wokhala ndi anthu oopsa kwambiri, kotero iwo safuna kuti apaulendo. Komanso, amatchulanso nyengo nkhanza m'mayiko amenewa, zomwe kutanthauziridwa mu mtima wa Urals. Komabe, ngakhale kuti mfundo zimenezi, amalonda Arab akhamukira apa ngati ntchentche uchi, ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa tsitsi, komanso mchere. mankhwala amenewa angatchedwe ndalama yaikulu ya Ages Middle, iwo anagwira miyala chimodzimodzi yamtengo wapatali ndi golide. magwero Russian amanena kuti kuyambira zaka 12-13, malo awa anali apainiya athu, amene anapereka dzina la mwala m'dera phiri. Koma m'zaka za m'ma 17 ndi kuwala dzanja V. Tatishchev amadziwika monga Urals lapansi.

Europe kapena Asia

Tsopano tiyeni tione zimene ndi udindo Hrs wa Urals lapansi. Malowa Malire ochiritsira pa Ulaya ndi Asia, ndi awiri nyumba yaikulu ya matanthwe a pansi padziko, komanso waukulu maiwe madzi oyera. Udindo Hrs wa Urals wapadera, izo angayerekezedwe ndi Wall Wamkulu wa China okha mpandawo anamangidwira mwachibadwa. Iye anagawa anthu adani zikhalidwe: kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo mentalities. Ngakhale kuti n'zovuta kudziwa anabwera koyamba. Kaya "mwala nsaru" alibe analola kulima awiri, kuwateteza ndi mzake, kapena onse a anthu anali ndi mbiri wamba ndi mfundo nzeru zaumunthu, ndipo kenako a ku Ulaya chinaperekedwa kwa zochita za anthu ena, ndi thunthu zinasintha chilichonse. mfundo zonse anazondoketsedwa: woyera unali wakuda ndi wakuda - woyera ... Pankhaniyi, chipika wamkulu opulumutsidwa anthu Oriental kwa mdani kunja pakadali pano. Komabe, m'dziko globalized, vuto mwala sadzaleka "mfundo za demokalase" ndipo liberalism zoyikidwa ndi chikhalidwe European. Monga zikunenedwa mu kulengeza? Ngati mulibe ntchito ufa "Vuto," ndiye tipita kwa inu? .. Monga mukuonera, ndi wapadera malo Hrs wa Urals ndi osati ndale ndiponso zachuma maziko, komanso chikhalidwe.

chopunthira cha anthu

Ural dera ndi chiwerengero cha midzi, anthu, komanso mphamvu zachuma tsopano ankaona kuwonjezera pa Central. Udindo Hrs wa Urals anathandiza chakuti inasanduka kumalire Mwachibadwa mafunde ambiri ataliatali. Choncho, Russian ofufuza, kusunthira kum'mawa, kuyesera kuyang'ana malo otsika a m'mbali ndi mipita zosavuta mu "Stone m'Galimoto" ndipo anthu steppe ku gawo Asian m'dzikoli, kufunafuna kumadzulo ndipo anakumana ndi iyi chotchinga chachilengedwe kuti anali kupita mozungulira icho kuchokera kum'mwera. Ndipo ambiri a iwo ngakhale anakakhala pa phazi la mapiri a Ural. Ikufotokoza kusiyana mitundu derali. Urals anakhala chopunthira kwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndi kuchokera konsekonse North Europe ndi ku Asia omwazika anthu a chinenero Ural-Yukaghir banja. Lero likulamuliridwa ndi Russian anthu - 80%, koma m'dera Ural chili kuti Bashkirs ndi, Chitata, Udmurt, Chuvash, Mordovian, Mari, Komi-Permian, ndi ena.

Tayang'anani pa mapu

Economic ndi malo mkhalidwe wa Urals ndi wapadera, monga lili kumalire ndi vuto la zachuma (European) gawo m'dzikoli ndi zopangira (kum'mawa). Motero, derali lili akumukonda ukonde misewu, njanji, mapaipi ndi mizere mphamvu. misewu onsewa anasonyeza Urals ndi dera Volga, ndi Volga-Vyatka ndi West Siberia zigawo za dziko lathu, komanso ndi Kazakhstan. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti dera la mapiri a Ural ndi dera Ural si ndithu chomwecho. Tiyeni tione zimene amatanthauza. Mwachitsanzo, mapiri Subpolar zigawo kumalo ozizira sali m'gulu kapangidwe kake, koma osati pa Piedmont zigwa Urals (ichi ndi kum'mawa m'mphepete mwa chigwa East European) ndi Trans (kumadzulo m'mphepete mwa West Siberia Plain).

Onse-Russian smithy

Ural ndi imodzi mwa madera wamkulu wa makampani migodi ya dziko lathuli. N'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa pali miyala ya miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi theka-mtengo wapatali, alexandrite ndi aquamarine, garnets ndi miyala ya safiro, emeralds ndi zamtengo wapatali, topazi ndi thanthwe Krustalo, Malachite ndi yade. Otsetsereka a kum'mawa kwa mapiri a Ural, amene ankaimira ndi miyala igneous, wolemera kwambiri zosiyanasiyana mchere miyala. Choncho, chifukwa kuthengo zitsulo sanali akakhala ndi akakhala ndi pawned ndipo anayamba makampani a Urals lapansi. Yamkuwa, yachitsulo, chromium, faifi tambala, cobalt, zotayidwa, nthaka miyala, pulatinamu, golide - si wathunthu mndandanda wa larder zachilengedwe, anaikira mu mapiri amenewa. Tikumbukenso kuti mwachirengedwe Ural lokwera zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu asanu. Tiyeni tiphunzire mwachidule aliyense wa iwo.

Udindo Hrs wa kumalo ozizira Urals

gawo ili la mapiri lili Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ndi Republic Komi. zigawo malire umadutsa ndi kugawaniza waukulu, umene ndi wosiyana maiwe ob (kum'mawa) ndi Pechora (kumadzulo). Stoke kumpoto otsetsereka mlandu Baidarata Bay Arctic Ocean. Mu kumalo ozizira Urals chimakhala chogwidwa ndi m'mapiri ndi msinkhu wa 800-1200 m, ndi nsonga zazitali kwambiri (Phiri samalipira) kufika 1,500 m. Ndipotu, chiyambi chake, m'dera zimatenga otsika pamwamba Konstantinov Kamen (okwana okwana 492 m). mapiri kumawonjezera kwambiri malangizo kum'mwera - mpaka 1350 mamita Zolemba kutalika cholinga kum'mwera (pafupifupi 65 ° N ..), apo limatuluka pamwamba pa Anthu (1894 m.) - chimbuzi cha Urals lonse.

Ndi kumpoto chomwecho kumalo ozizira Ural kwambiri kukodzedwa - mpaka 125 Km - ndi chitatha mu 5-6 zitunda yomweyi. Kum'mwera kwa dera ili kutali kumadzulo ku chitsogozo cha Pechora anasamukira saber mapiri (1425 m).

Urals kumalo ozizira

Kuyambira malo osiyanasiyana saber ndi malekezero vertex Konzhakovskiy Kamen, kutalika kwa amene ali 1569 m. Wonse wa gawo ili chimafikira ndendende pamodzi meridian ndi 59 °. yakumadzulo., amene amasankha malo ake lawolawo. Kumalo ozizira Urals imakhala zitunda makamaka awiri kotenga. East ndi okulira, amadziwika monga Poyasovoy Stone. West Ridge amadziwika ndi mitu iwiri phiri Telpos-Out, kapena Stone mphepo. kutalika kwake ndi 1617 mamita The ya m'mapiri. landforms mu Urals kumalo ozizira si wamba, ambiri a nsonga ali ndi mzikiti mawonekedwe.

Udindo Hrs wa Middle Urals

Kudera limeneli amakhala ndi nsonga kuthungo. Uli pakati pa 59 ndi 56 madigiri kumpoto kumpoto. Mosamalitsa kumpoto ndi kum'mwera Tambasula wa lamba mapiri m'malo ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Pamodzi ndi South, Sredniy Ural chimphona imapanga Arc ndi mbali otukukira kunja akukumana cha kummawa, ndi encloses Ufimskoe yachonde (East Russian protrusion nsanja). ndi malire ake kumpoto amaonedwa mapiri Konzhakovsky Stone ndi Kosvinsky Kamen, ndi kum'mwera - phiri Utah (Chelyabinsk dera). Pafupifupi kutalika kwawo musalumphe mamita 800. Kuchokera kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Urals Middle zogundana Urals mapiri. Mu ichi dera climatically yabwino kwa munthu kuposa kumalo ozizira. Kuno ndi yotenthera otentha. Kutentha ambiri July mu m'tsinde mwa 16-18 °. Phazi la mapiri kumpoto kuphimba nayonso kum'mwera, ndi kumwera - nkhalango-steppe.

Yuzhnyy Ural

The peculiarity a dera ili ndi pano mapiri anakula kwambiri kachiwiri. Mwachitsanzo, pamwamba Iremel limatuluka kuti 1582 m, ndi kutalika Yamanatau - 1640, Angelezi mamita Geographical South Ural monga Ridge zimachokera kuchokera pamwamba jurmala kumpoto kumpoto ndi chimafikira kwa gawo. Za Ural Mtsinje kum'mwera. Nagawira lokwera Uraltau ankatembenukira mu malangizo easterly. Apa zilamulire pakati mtundu mpumulo. Mu gawo kum'mawa ofananira akudutsa mu Zauralskaya, ndi yokhota kumapeto m'munsi m'chigwa. Nyengo yofunda kuposa pakati. Dzinja lili youma ndi mphepo yotentha. Kutentha ambiri July mu m'tsinde mwa 20-22 °.

pomaliza

Kulunjika pa malo Hrs wa Urals ndi kuti amagona pa malire a mbali Asian ndi European dziko lathu. Komanso, mbali ya chitukuko miyala ya lokwera chakukhudza kuchuluka yapaderayi zinthu zake mchere. A waukulu wothandiza okwera zone, kusiyana kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo mbali ya Urals, ndi madera osiyana a kutukula dera lino la zosiyanasiyana yaikulu kwambiri zachuma ndi masoka malo malo.