Kapangidwe ka zamadzimadzi lapansi. Features ya kapangidwe ka lipids

Mafuta - imodzi yofunika kwambiri zinthu organic ofunika zamoyo zonse. M'nkhaniyi tiona kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya lipids. Iwo anabwera zosiyanasiyana onse mu dongosolo ndi ntchito.

Kapangidwe ka zamadzimadzi ndi (zamoyo)

Zamadzimadzi - kuipidwa organic mankhwala pawiri. Amakhala ndi zigawo zingapo. Tiyeni tione kapangidwe ka lipids mwatsatanetsatane.

lipids yosavuta

Kapangidwe lipids wa gulu limapereka zigawo ziwiri: mowa ndi mafuta zidulo. Kawirikawiri mankhwala zikuchokera zinthu zina zikuphatikizapo zinthu zitatu zokha: Mpweya, hydrogen ndi oxygen.

Zosiyanasiyana lipids yosavuta

Iwo agawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• Alkilatsilaty (waxes). Iwo esters mafuta zidulo apamwamba ndi alcohols mono- kapena dihydric.
• Triacylglycerols (mafuta ndi mafuta). Kapangidwe ka lipids wa mtundu uwu lili pamaso pa glycerol (trihydric mowa) ndi zatsalira kwa mafuta zidulo apamwamba.
• Ceramides. Esters wa sphingosine ndi mafuta zidulo.

lipids zovuta

Zinthu za gulu Kodi suli wa zinthu zitatu. Kuwonjezera izi, iwo monga mwa umembala wake ambiri a Sulfa, Nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous.

Gulu la lipids zovuta

Iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• Phospholipids. Kapangidwe ka gulu zamadzimadzi zikuphatikizapo, kuwonjezera zatsalira kwa alcohols polyhydric ndi mafuta zidulo apamwamba, pamaso pa zatsalira asidi phosphoric, kumene amagwira magulu ena zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
• Glycolipids. Awa ndi mankhwala zinthu opangidwa ndi mitundu lipids ndi chakudya.
• Sphingolipids. Izi aliphatic aminoalcohols.

Woyamba mitundu iwiri ya lipids, nayenso, anawagawa subgroups.

Choncho, mtundu wa phospholipids akhoza kuganiza phosphoglycerolipids (muli mu zikuchokera glycerol ake, zatsalira awiri mafuta zidulo, asidi phosphoric ndi alkanol amine), cardiolipins, plasmalogens (ali mu dongosolo unsaturated monohydric apamwamba mowa phosphoric acid ndi alkanol amine), ndipo sphingomyelins (zinthu zimene zigwirizana wa sphingosine, asidi mafuta, asidi phosphoric ndi choline aminoalcohol).

Mitundu ya glycolipids ndi cerebrosides (kupatula sphingosine ndi mafuta asidi okhala galactose kapena shuga), gangliosides (munali oligosaccharide wa hexose ndi zidulo sialic) ndi sulfatides (zaikidwa asidi sulfuric hexose).

Udindo wa lipids mu thupi

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya lipids zogwirizana. Chifukwa chakuti mu mamolekyulu awo alipo imodzi kumalo ozizira ndi nonpolar structural makombo, zinthu zimenezi akhoza kugwira pa mawonekedwe.

Lipids ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ntchito zofunika:

1. Mphamvu. Chifukwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa zinthu zimenezi thupi afika maperesenti oposa 30 mphamvu kuti iye.
2. Kapangidwe. Features zamadzimadzi nyumba kuwalola kukhala yofunika zikuluzikulu za zipolopolo za. Ali mbali ya Kakhungu ndi kumalumikiza matupi osiyanasiyana kupanga nembanemba wa zimakhala mitsempha.
3. Stock mmwamba. zinthu zimenezi ndi asidi mafuta mawonekedwe ndalama chamoyo.
4. Antiokisdantnaya. zamadzimadzi dongosolo zimawathandiza kuchita ntchito zimenezi, ndi mu thupi.
5. Zolimbana. Ena lipids ndi amkhalapakati a mahomoni mu maselo. Ndiponso, ena a lipids ndi kupangidwa mahomoni ndi zinthu yotithandiza immunogenez.
6. Zozitetezera. Subcutaneous wosanjikiza mafuta amapereka matenthedwe ndi makina kuteteza nyama. Monga zomera, ndiye sera ndipamene chipolopolo zoteteza padziko masamba ndi zipatso.
7. Information. Lipids gangliosides kupereka ojambula pakati pa maselo.
8. M'mimba. Zamadzimadzi mafuta kuchokera pachilengedwe zidulo ya ndulu nawo ndondomeko ya chimbudzi.

Kaphatikizidwe wa lipids mu thupi

mankhwala ambiri a kalasi imeneyi apanga mu chipinda momwemo poyambira zakuthupi - asidi acetic. Zonse mahomoni kagayidwe mafuta monga insulin, zikuwonjezereka masiku ano ndi pituitary mahomoni.

Palinso lipids kuti thupi sangabereke yake. Iwo ayenera kulowa m'thupi la munthu ndi chakudya. Makalatawa makamaka ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, masamba, mtedza ndi mbewu, mpendadzuwa ndi azitona mafuta ndi mankhwala ena a magwero mbewu.

Lipids, mavitamini

Mavitamini mu chikhalidwe chawo mankhwala ndi gulu la lipids. Awa ndi mavitamini A, D, E ndi K. Iwo ayenera ingested ndi chakudya.

Apa ife kufufuza kapangidwe ndi katundu wa lipids. Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe ndi zinthu izi, zimene kusiyana pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana a lipids udindo kuchita anthu.

Pomaliza

Lipids - zinthu zovuta organic, amene anawagawa yosavuta zovuta. Zimagwira thupi ntchito eyiti: mphamvu awasungira, structural, antioxidant, kuteteza, zolimbana, m'mimba ndi zambiri. Komanso, pali lipids, mavitamini. Iwo amachita zosiyanasiyana ntchito kwachilengedwenso.