Chemosynthetic mabakiteriya: zitsanzo. Udindo wa mabakiteriya chemosynthetic

Kodi kumanga ndi kusunga njira yofunika tizilombo chemosynthetic zinthu zosiyana? Kuti tiyankhe mafunso amenewa, m'pofunika kuti athane ndi osiyanasiyana mfundo kwachilengedwenso.

mbali khalidwe la mabakiteriya

Choyamba, tipeze yemwe ndi mabakiteriya. Izi lonse ufumu wa chirengedwe. Iwo zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi ndi tosaoneka kukula, amene ali wopanda mtima. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti mabakiteriya alibe nyumba udindo kufala kwa mudziwe cholowa. Iye ali basi gulu zambiri achikale. Izi zozungulira mamolekyulu DNA kuti wambiri mbali zina za cytoplasm lotchedwa nucleoid.

Akamanena za zakudya autotrophic

mabakiteriya Chemosynthetic zitsanzo za tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino, nkhani zawo zokolola mwini organic. Iwo autotrophs, ngati zomera. Komabe, yotsirizira ntchito mphamvu imeneyi ya dzuwa. Pamaso pa plastids wobiriwira chloroplasts zinawathandiza kugwira pa ndondomeko ya photosynthesis. Kwenikweni umenewu chagona mu mapangidwe shuga ku zinthu zimam'patsa zochita kupanga - mpweya woipa komanso madzi. mankhwala wina wa mankhwala anachita ndi oxygen. Mabakiteriya alinso autotrophic. Koma mphamvu iwo safuna dzuwa. Akamagwira ndondomeko ina - chemosynthesis.

chemosynthesis Kodi

Chemosynthesis otchedwa mapangidwe zinthu organic chifukwa zochita redox. chikhalidwe chake ikuchitika prokaryotes yekha. mabakiteriya Chemosynthetic angagwiritsidwe ntchito kaphatikizidwe wa mankhwala organic mankhwala sulfure, asafe ndi chitsulo. Izi akumasula mphamvu amene anapeza mu nsinga loyamba ATP, kenako maselo bakiteriya angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Chemosynthetic mabakiteriya: malo

Popeza moyo chemotroph sikudalira kukhalapo kwa dzuwa, kugawa awo osiyanasiyana ndi lonse zokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya sulfure angathe kukhala pa kuya kwambiri, nthawi zina pali nthumwi yekha wa zamoyo. deta Habitat prokaryotes ndi zambiri nthaka, madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magawo wolemera zina mankhwala mankhwala.

chitsulo bakiteriya

Mabakiteriya chemosynthetic monga prokaryotes, bongo zikuchokera mankhwala chitsulo. Iwo anapeza ndi otchuka Russian wasayansi Sergei Nikolaevich Vinogradskii mu 1950. Mtundu wa bakiteriya mu makutidwe ndi okosijeni anachita amasintha mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni ya chitsulo, kupanga izo trivalent. Iwo amakhala mu madzi atsopano ndi mchere. Mu chikhalidwe zimasenza makope chitsulo m'chilengedwe, makampani ndi kuti apange mkuwa koyera. bakiteriya ichinso chikukhudza litoavtotrofam angathe ulekisloty lithe zinthu zina maselo ake.

mabakiteriya sulfure

Mabakiteriya chemosynthetic thunthu la mankhwala sulfure, pangakhale osiyana pansi pa matupi madzi kapena mtundu kudalirana ndi nkhono ndi invertebrates m'madzi. Pamene iwo ali gwero la makutidwe ndi okosijeni ntchito sulphide wa hydrogen, sulphide, thione asidi maselo kapena sulfa. Mtundu wa mabakiteriya wakhala nkhani yaikulu ya kutsegula ndi kuwerenga ndondomeko chemosynthesis. gulu monga prokaryotes ndi ena prokaryotes phototrophic. Mwachitsanzo, monga magenta kapena mabakiteriya wobiriwira sulfure.

mabakiteriya nitrite

Pa mizu ya zomera leguminous kuthetsa tizilombo nitrifitsiruschie. Chemosynthetic prokaryotes gulu oxidize amoniya kwa asidi nitric. Zimenezi ikuchitika zinthu zingapo kupanga intermediates. malo komanso ndi asafe-chikukonzekera mabakiteriya. Iwo kukhazikika pa mizu ya zomera leguminous. Ozama mu thupi subterranean minofu, iwo apanga khalidwe thickening. Mkati nyumba izi amalenga malo abwino kwa otaya chemosynthesis. chomera kudalirana ndi rhizobia ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa. The prokaryotes woyamba kupereka kanthu organic opangidwa pa dzuwa. Mabakiteriya amatha kukonza mumlengalenga asafe ndi kusintha mu mawonekedwe kupezeka kwa zomera.

N'chifukwa chiyani ndondomeko zimenezi n'kofunika? Pambuyo asafe ndende mu mlengalenga ndi mokwanira lalikulu ndi 78%. Koma mu fomu iyi zomera singakwanitse kutenga chinthu. A zomera asafe ayenera kuti chitukuko cha dongosolo mizu. Imeneyi ndi kuthandiza a mabakiteriya nodule, amene uzidzatenga nitrate ndi mawonekedwe ammonium.

thiobacteria

mabakiteriya Chemosynthetic ndi prokaryotes ndi thione. gwero mphamvu zawo mankhwala osiyanasiyana sulfure. Mtundu wa mabakiteriya kuwabwezeretsa ku asidi sulfuric. Zimenezi limodzi ndi kuchepa kwambiri kufunika pH a sing'anga. Thiobacteria acidophiles anaphatikiza m'gulu. Zikuphatikizapo zamoyo kuti kupulumuka ku asidi wambiri. zinthu zimenezi ndi khalidwe la madambo. Pamodzi ndi gulu thiane limapangidwa lactic ndi mabakiteriya asidi acetic, flagellates ndi rotifers.

mabakiteriya wa hydrogen

Izi mitundu ya prokaryotes Ndi anthu nthaka. Iwo maselo a hydrogen ndi oxidized kuti madzi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu. mabakiteriya chotero ifenso mu thermophiles gulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iwo akukhalabe viability pa kutentha, mlingo umene mozhetdo atapeza 50 madigiri Celsius. Izi luso mabakiteriya wa hydrogen chifukwa chakuti secrete michere wapadera kuti uziyenda ngakhale m'mikhalidwe yoteroyo.

Udindo wa mabakiteriya chemosynthetic

Chemotroph zimapezeka mu njira zovuta za kusintha ndipo makope mankhwala a nkhawa mu chikhalidwe. Popeza sulfide hydrogen ndi amoniya ndi poizoni ndithu mankhwala, pali kufunika n'chongoletsa iwo. Izi anagwiritsanso mabakiteriya chemotrophic. M'kupita kwa zochita mankhwala opangidwa zinthu zofunika ndi zamoyo zina kuti zimawathandiza kukula zachilendo ndi chitukuko. Large miyala ya chitsulo ndi manganese ores pansi pa nyanja ndi zithaphwi uka chifukwa cha zinthu chemotroph. Ndicho - mabakiteriya chitsulo.

Munthu waphunzira ntchito yapadera katundu wa chemotroph ndi zochitika zawo. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito mabakiteriya sulfure mwayeretsa madzi zinyalala ku sulfide wa hydrogen ndi kuteteza zitsulo ndi mipope konkire ku dzimbiri ndi ku acidification nthaka.

Choncho, mabakiteriya chemosynthetic ndi prokaryotes wapadera, amatha kusonyeza yoyenera mankhwala anachita m'mikhalidwe anaerobic. Tizilombo timeneti oxidize kanthu. Mphamvu imene Motero anamasulidwa, iwo choyamba kusungidwa mu nsinga za ATP, kenako ntchito kwa njira yofunika kwambiri. The akuluakulu ndi chitsulo, sulfure ndi asafe-chikukonzekera mabakiteriya. Iwo amakhala m'madzi ndi chilengedwe nthaka. Chemotroph ndi mgwirizano singasiyanitsidwe mu kufalitsa zinthu, kupereka zamoyo ndi zinthu zofunika ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito mwa munthu m'zochita zake zachuma ndi mafakitale.