Volga - gwero. Volga - gwero ndi pakamwa. Beseni wa Volga

Volga - umodzi wa mitsinje zofunika kwambiri mu dziko. Mawuwa madzi ake kudzera mbali European la Russia ndi amalowa Nyanja Caspian. Industrial kufunika kwa mtsinje waukulu, 8 opangira magetsi zomera mphamvu, bwino anayamba kutumiza nsomba wamangidwa pa izo. Mu 1980 Volga inamangidwa mlatho, amene ankaona yaitali mu Russia. M'litali chochokera ku gwero kukamwa kuzungulira 3600 Km. Koma chifukwa chakuti sakuvomereza kuganizira malo za Madamu ndi kutalika boma cha Volga Mtsinje liri 3530 Km. Mwa madzi onse European umayenda ndi motalikitsa. Pa pali m'mizinda ikuluikulu monga Volgograd, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan. Gawo la Russia, umene uli pafupi ndi mtsempha wamagazi chapakati dziko, otchedwa dera Volga. Zoposa pang'ono 1 miliyoni Km ² mtsinje beseni. Volga Iwo ali ndi wachitatu gawo European wa Russia.

Mwachidule pa mtsinje

Chakudya Volga kumachitika chifukwa chisanu, pansi ndi Madzi a mvula. Iwo amakhala ndi kusefukira kasupe ndi autumn kusefukira kwa madzi, komanso otsika zili madzi m'chilimwe ndiponso m'nyengo yozizira.

Achisanu mtsinje Volga, gwero ndi m'kamwa mwa zomwe okutidwa ndi ayezi pafupifupi mwakamodzi, mu October-November ndi March-April, izo zikuyamba m'firiji pamtunda.

Poyambirira, mu zaka kalelo ankatchedwa Ra. Kale mu Ages Middle, panali otchula Volga pansi pa dzina Itil. Dzina watsopano wa madzi amachokera ku mawu mu chinenero Chisilavo, limatanthauza Russian "chinyontho". Palinso Mabaibulo ena a dzina la Volga, koma kutsimikiza kapena kukana mpaka n'zosatheka.

gwero la Volga

Volga, amene gwero zimachokera ku dera Tver, kumayamba okwera 230 m. Mudzi Volgoverkhovye pali akasupe angapo amene anaphatikizidwa mu dziwe. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi chiyambi cha mtsinje. Mu malire ake chapamwamba wasefukira mwa nyanja yaing'ono, ndi mamita angapo pambuyo chikudutsa Verhnevolzhskie (Peno, Vselug, Volga ndi Sterzh), panopa ogwirizana posungira.

Ting'onoting'ono dambo kuti maonekedwe awo ndi chodziwikiratu kuti kukopa alendo - ndi gwero la Volga. Map, ngakhale yolondola kwambiri, sadzakhala ndi deta zenizeni pa chiyambi cha madzi.

m'kamwa mwa Volga

M'kamwa mwa Volga ndi ya Caspian. Iwo agawidwa mazana a nthambi, motero kupanga ankadziwana ndi yotakata, kuphimba malo pafupifupi 19 000 Km ^2. Chifukwa wambirimbiri madzi chigawo ichi ndi zomera olemera ndi nyama. chakuti pakamwa pa mtsinje lili pa nambala yoyamba padziko lonse chiwerengero cha Nsombazi, odziwikiratu. mtsinje uwu kumakhudza okwanira pa zinthu nyengo, zomwe zimakhala zolimbikitsa kwambiri pa nyama ndi zomera, komanso anthu. Chikhalidwe cha m'dera n'zosangalatsa ndipo amathandiza nthaŵi yanu. Usodzi yabwino kuchokera April kuti November. Nyengo ndi chiwerengero cha nsomba sikudzamvekanso analoledwa kubwerera chimanjamanja.

masamba dziko

Mu madzi a Volga kukula mitundu ya zomera:

• Achule (Susak, bango, cattail, zamaluwa);
• madzi kumizidwa (naiad, hornwort, elodea, Ranunculus);
• madzi akuyandama tsamba (kakombo, duckweed, pondweed, mtedza);
• algae (hari, kladofora, hara).

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zomera anayimiridwa mwa m'kamwa mwa Volga. Ambiri sedge, chitsamba chowawa, pondweed, spurge, halophyte, astragalus. Mu meadows ambiri kukula tarragon, chotchezera, bango udzu ndi cleavers.

Mtsinje Delta, wotchedwa Volga, kumene gwero ndi alibe wolemera zomera tichipeza mitundu 500 osiyana. Palibe osowa sedges, milkweed, marshmallow, chowawa ndi timbewu. Mungapeze nkandankhuku ndi mabango. Pa magombe a madzi kuyenderera kuwuka meadows. Mikwingwirima ndi nkhalango. A mitengo ndi ambiri msondodzi, phulusa ndi popula.

dziko nyama

Volga wolemera nsomba. Kuli nyama zambiri za m'madzi, kusiyana iliyonse zina aliko. Pali 70 mitundu, amene 40 - nsomba. Mmodzi kakang'ono nsomba dziwe - pugolovka, kutalika kwa zomwe si upambana 3 cm Angathe kusokonezedwa ndi namchidwe ya .. Koma lalikulu - beluga. kukula kwake angafikire 4 mamita ndi nsomba nthano :. Kodi ndi moyo zaka 100 ndi kulemera matani oposa 1. Zofunika kwambiri ndi roach, mlamba, Pike, Nsombazi, carp, nsomba, Nsombazi, bream. Zimenezi amatipatsa mankhwala a m'madera ozungulira, komanso bwinobwino zimagulitsidwa ku mayiko ena.

Nsombazi, Pike, bream, carp, mlamba, ruffe, nsomba, burbot, chub - oimira onsewa nsomba moyo mu mtsinje athandizira, ndi malo awo mpaka kalekale okhala imatengedwa kuti ndi mtsinje wa Volga. Istok, mwatsoka, sangathe kudzitama wa totere zosiyanasiyana wolemera. M'madera otaya madzi ndi bata ndi losaya kuya, kumene kuli kum'mwera stickleback - yekha woimira gasterosteiformes. Ndipo m'madera amene ambiri ali Volga zomera akhoza kukumana carp, wakonda madzi chete. Stellate Nsombazi, hering'i, Nsombazi, lamprey, belugas kubwera mumtsinje ku Nyanja Caspian. Kuchokera kalelo mtsinjewo imatengedwa bwino nsomba.

Mungapezeponso achule, mbalame, tizilombo ndi njoka. Pa gombe nthawi zambiri inali lopotana zikovili, nkhukutembo, egrets, swans ndi woyera-tailed. oimira zonsezi n'zochepa kwambiri ndipo m'gulu pangozi. Pa magombe a Volga m'madera ambiri atetezedwe, amathandiza kuteteza mitundu osowa chithe. Apa kukaikira mazira atsekwe, abakha, teals ndi mallards. Mu Volga ankadziwana moyo nguluwe, ndi mu steppe ozungulira - saiga. Nthawi zambiri pa mwanyanja angapezeke Caspian zisindikizo, zomwe zili ndithu momasuka madzi.

Mtengo wa Volga ku Russia

Volga, amene ali gwero lake m'mudzi wa dera Tver, kukuchitika kudutsa Russia. madzi ake ndi mtsinje zikugwirizana ku Baltic, Nyanja ya Azov, Black ndi Nyanja White, ndi Tikhvin ndi Vyshnevolotskaya kachitidwe. Mu Volga beseni akhoza kukumana nkhalango lalikulu olemera minda pafupi afesedwa ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana luso ndi monga chimanga. M'dziko m'madera awa chonde zimene zinathandiza kuti chitukuko cha horticulture ndi vwende. M'pofunika kufotokozera kuti m'dera Volga-Ural pali miyala ya mafuta ndi gasi, ndipo pafupi Solikamsk ndi Volga - gawo mchere.

Iwe sungakhoze kutsutsana ndi chakuti Volga ali wamkulu ndi mbiri yotchuka. Iye ndi membala wa zinthu zina zofunika ndale. Ndipo komabe kungathandize kwambiri chuma, pokhala waterway chachikulu cha Russia, motero kaphatikizidwe mu umodzi m'madera angapo. Pa ndi boma komanso mafakitale malo ambiri m'mizinda Anthu. N'chifukwa chake ichi madzi amatchedwa kwambiri Russian mtsinje.