Gerunds - izo ... Suffixes gerunds

Gerund ... Kodi mbali yapadera ya kulankhula! Kapena mtundu wa mneni amene? Kapena chinachake? Koma mpaka pano asayansi akusiyana maganizo kwambiri pankhani kuti gerunds chomwecho. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti mapangidwe mfundo zingapo view pa nkhani imeneyi. Timayesetsa kuti adzaone zomwe mtundu wa "chipatso" ndi gerund, kuthana ndi mitundu yake, komanso kuphunzira suffixes gerunds.

mawonekedwe mneni kapena mbali ya kulankhula?

Pakali pano, pakati pa akatswiri a zinenero zidzasankhidwa, kodi zikutheka gerund. Taganizirani mfundo za maganizo a zilankhulo wotchuka pa nkhaniyi.

1. The odziwika zilankhulo Bogoroditskiy V. A. gerund amatanthauza ... adverbs! Koma kwenikweni, pali kufanana! Mwachitsanzo: Ine mwamsanga (adverb) ndipo ndinayankha ndilipo (gerund) - kuyankha funso lomwelo - motani?

Zingaoneke, musazengereze - ndi adverb wamba njira, komabe amatipatsa kumasonyeza ndondomeko, titero, kuwonjezera kanthu yaikulu ya mneni KUYANKHA.

maganizo kwambiri maganizo, koma malo kukhala.

2. akatswiri a zinenero monga Shanskiy N. M. ndi Babaytseva vv mukukhulupirira gerund gawo osadalira pa mawu, koma ndi chenjezo la "wapadera." Ndi, ngati liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba kapena adjective, ali zingapo zochititsa amene alibe gawo lina la mawu. Paokha ntchito bwana, iwo ali derivation ake chiwembu. Tsono bwanji kutenga ku mbali ya kulankhula?

3. Shvedova N. Yu, mmodzi wa The kompayila "Galamala 80", ndipo ndi iyo Gvozdev AN, tiganizirane wina wa gerund mtundu wa mneni amene, invariable ndi unconjugated. Ndipo pano sitingathe kuvomereza kuti: "Bambo" gerunds - ndi mneni. Iye anamupatsa iye zizindikiro, funso anampatsa chizindikiro cha zimenezi, ngakhale owonjezekera.

Nazi mfundo zazikulu akatswiri a zinenero nawo. Ndipo aliyense wa iwo pakali chake, monga gerunds - Umenewu ndi mwachilungamo zovuta. N'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu ambiri sakumvetsa pa nkhani imeneyi. M'masukulu, malingana ndi pulogalamu, akuphunzira gerund kalasi 7, ndi kuvomereza kuti ina wapakamwa mtundu kapena mbali ya mawu, ponena kamodzi lingaliro limenelo si wolondola kutali.

Zizindikiro za mneni gerunds

Kufanana zofunika kwambiri pakati gerunds ndi mneni ndi m'kukoma chakuti otsiriza a iwo ndi ophunzira. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti, chabe gerund aumbike ku kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi china chirichonse, ndipo limasonyeza kanthu kuti si zikuluzikulu ndi zina.

makhalidwe Morphological, amene adatenga pa gerund wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi:

• The recoverability (pamaso -sya postfix).

Sankhani - kufika kusuntha - avundulidwe.

• View (wangwiro ndi wopanda ungwiro).

Thamanga (nesov.vid) - akuthamanga (Nessov view.);

ndikuganiza (sov.vid) - maganizo (akadzidzi kuyang'ana.).

• Transitivity (osakaniza ndi mneni accusative popanda anawagwiritsira):

Kuwoloka msewu (vinyo. Inc., Palibe chowiringula), mphaka galu (vinyo. Pad, palibe chifukwa chomveka).

Gerunds kuti amawatenga adverbs

Monga momwe taonera, 'tate' ndi mneni gerunds. Koma "mayi" tinganene kuti ankalankhula, ndi kuchokera kumadera awa wa kulankhula, ndipo anatenga zizindikiro.

Kuyambira gerund adverb muli:

• Chinthu chofunika kwambiri - wosasinthika. Komanso agogo, ndi safuna ndipo conjugated, choncho alibe mapeto, ngakhale ziro.

Amalankhula mokweza za (adverb) - nkhani prikrikivaya (gerund).

• Junction - ndipo iye ndi mtundu wina ali yekha ulalo syntactic.

Monga anapanga gerunds imperfective

Kutiumba gerunds ngati otengedwa mneni, nayenso, ndithudi, Nesov. mtundu, ndipo anachimanga ndi suffixes. Suffix A (I) ndipamene participle imperfective:

Onani - kuyang'ana, kuthamanga - akuthamanga, Mwachitsanzo - Mwachitsanzo.

Ngati kumene mneni suffix ndi -wa gerund amenewa apangidwa ndi mneni infinitive:

Kulungamitsa - chilango kulungamitsa - chilango, kuwapindapinda - kuwapindapinda.

Ena kasewenzetsedwe ka mau opanda ungwiro mawonekedwe gerunds simungathe:

1. kasewenzetsedwe ka mau opanda ungwiro ndi suffix Chabwino: zimasuluka, kufuula;
2. monosyllabic kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, chifukwa cha zomwe itha A kapena B ndi: kugunda, tulo;
3. Ena kasewenzetsedwe ka mau alibe maonekedwe wangwiro gerunds: kuwaza, kuitana kupita ndi ena.

kawirikawiri tikhoza kukumana suffixes gerunds -UCHI kapena -YUCHI. Izi mawonekedwe akale, komabe nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulankhula.

Khalani - monga, kusewera - effortlessly.

Gerunds, ncholinga wangwiro

mawonekedwe Izi si anapanga kuchokera kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu pakali pano, ndipo kuchokera infinitive lapansi. Kuti izi akuwonjezeka suffixes -B kapena -VSHI kapena -SHI:

Kodi - kupanga kulilembanso - kulilembanso kudya - atatha kudya, kubweretsa - anabweretsa.

Wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau reflexive, ndi suffix -VSHI atangotha kubweza participle wangwiro.

Ntchito m'sentensi

Gerunds, ngati adverbs ziganizo zonse ndi mbali ya mavuto:

Pambuyo kusewera, ndinapita kunyumba. Iye anakhala mwakachetechete chipinda popanda kulowerera.

Kuyenera anati zimenezi ndi dongosolo zofunika chinenero cha Chirasha, zomwe aumbike mwa gerunds. Izi wapakamwa participle mawu. Loba otchedwa gerund ndi mawu yake yozungulira.

Mwachitsanzo, gerund kupanga wokha limodzi, analibe kanthu kuwagonjera. Koma ntchito - izi ndi wapakamwa participle mawu, chifukwa tsopano njira kupanga anagwirizana amadalira mawu ntchito.

Ophunzira ntchito, malemba.

zolowa Participial anatengedwa kupeza (kudzipatula) delimited mbali zonse. Kaya udindo wa mawu yaikulu amanena. Mwa njira, mawu waukulu zolowa okwana adzakhala mneni. Koma ntchito yaikulu ya gerunds - yothandizana ntchito ya mneni chachikulu.

zolowa Participial, pokhala kapangidwe lolankhulalankhula kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mabuku, zokongoletsa kulankhula. M'mawu colloquial, chifukwa ena Sindinamvetsetse pa nayenso. Mwina chifukwa nzeru zake. Mu moyo, timayesetsa ntchito ziganizo wosavuta.

Gerunds - ichi ndi chinthu chachinsinsi kwambiri chinenero cha Chirasha. Tikadali sindingakhoze kunena kuti gawo lirilonse la mawu, kapena mawonekedwe mneni. Koma tsopano, podziwa zinthu zonse, mukhoza kusankha tione yabwino kwa aliyense wasayansi. Gerund imakongoletsa chinenero chathu zimapangitsa izo wangwiro kwambiri, chabwino. Ndipo ntchito wapakamwa mawu participle akutembenukira lemba aliyense wotopetsa tsopano ndi ntchito zolembalemba.