Kapangidwe ndi gulu la minofu anthu

Minofu - ndi mchitidwe yogwira dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa.

Gawo minofu ikuchitika pa malo osiyana: vuto mu thupi la munthu, ndi mawonekedwe, malangizo a ulusi, ntchito zokhudza malo, etc.

The mitundu ikuluikulu minofu

Gulu ndi anthu peresenti minofu akusonyeza pamaso pa mitundu itatu yosiyana: striated chigoba minofu, striated mtima minofu (myocardium) ndi minofu yosalala umene Mitsempha ndi ziwalo dzenje.

Kusankha minofu striated ndi kubweretsa mafupa kusuntha, mbali mu mapangidwe makoma a pakamwa, chifuwa, mimba. Ali mbali ya mbali akuthandiza wa diso limba, bwanji ossicles Makutu. Ntchito chigoba minofu amapereka posungira mu thupi mgwirizano kusamukira ku malo, kugoletsa kayendedwe kupuma ndi Pomeza, pamaso pa nkhope.

Chigoba minofu: kapangidwe

Pafupifupi 40% ya kulemera kwa thupi wamkulu monga minofu minofu. Chigoba minofu m'thupi 400.

Unit minofu chigoba - ndi motoneuron ndi ulusi minofu innervated ndi izi wagawo neuromotor. Ntchito nyemba anatumiza motoneuron kulowa kanthu ulusi minofu.

Chigoba minofu anapereka ambiri ulusi minofu. Iwo ndi mawonekedwe elongated. Gulu la minofu anthu zikusonyeza kuti awiri awo ndi 10-100 microns, ndi kutalika ranges kuchokera 2-3 kwa 10-12 cm.

Minofu khungu lozungulira woonda Kakhungu - sarcolemma chikukhudza sarcoplasm (protoplasm) ndi ambiri mtima. Contractile mbali ya minofu CHIKWANGWANI ankaimira yaitali minofu chingwe - myofibrils, zomwe zigwirizana makamaka a mankhwala otchedwa akitini.

Myosin ali maselo, ndi mu mkhalidwe omwazika. Iwo ali zambiri zomanga thupi, omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kukhalabe ndi zimandilimbikitsa chidule. Ngakhale mwamtendere wa minofu chigoba sikutanthauza zosangalatsa yake. Panthawi imeneyi anapitiriza ndi voteji zolimbitsa, ie, minofu kamvekedwe.

Wothandiza zothandizira minofu

Kapangidwe ndi gulu la minofu chigoba chifukwa magwiridwe awo. Choncho, iwo angakhoze kokha kuchita zinthu zina kudzera nyumba yeniyeni ndi yokhudza anatomical kupanga makina wothandiza, amene zigwirizana fascia, tendon m'chimake, matumba synovial ndi atilakwira. Fascia ndi chivundikiro, chomwe ndi minofu connective, amathandiza pamimba minofu pamene wabizinesiyo, kupewa mikangano minofu padera. Mu nkhani ya kudwala pamaso fascia kuchepetsa kufala kwa mafinya ndi magazi pa kukha magazi a.

Gulu la nyama katundu apeza malo amodzi chigoba

Chigoba minofu, pa maziko a chikhalidwe cha mgwirizano pakati pa mitolo minofu mu mnofu connective minofu formations, zingasiyane kwambiri dongosolo, amene amasankha zosiyanasiyana awo zinchito. Minofu mphamvu zingadziŵike ndi nambala ya mitolo minofu, monga amasankha mtengo wa m'mimba mwake ndi thupi. Zinali maganizo ake kwa anatomical mtanda gawo aweruza kusinthasintha mphamvu ya makhalidwe mphamvu ndi malo amodzi.

Gulu la nyama kusiyana timakhala izi chigoba ukugawa chigoba minofu ndi wochitachita, malo amodzi-apeza malo amodzi.

Kapangidwe yosavuta lililonse kwa minofu wamphamvu. Ngati pali wofatsa peremiziya ulusi awo yaitali kupitirira olamulira kotenga minofu kapena pa ngodya kwa izo, imbaenda mwamwayi wa anatomical mtanda gawo ndi saline. Minofu imeneyi Koma ambiri katundu zazikulu. Ali ndi matalikidwe lalikulu koma mphamvu, iwo alibe amasiyana. Minofu imeneyi amaonedwa kukhala kudya, nimble, koma mofulumira matayala.

M'minofu statodynamic perimysium (mkati ndi kunja) ndi zambiri kwambiri kuyambira kuposa mphamvu, ndi ulusi minofu wamfupi. Iwo amapita ku madera osiyana, T. E. Fomu, mosiyana ndi wochitachita, widths zambiri zokhudza thupi. Ngati pali chimodzi anatomical m'lifupi mwa minofu mwina 2, 3, kapena 10 thupi widths. Izi zikusonyeza kuti statodynamic minofu mphamvu zazikulu. ntchito yawo makamaka kukhalabe ntchito malo amodzi mu thandizo, gwirani kuwongola mafupa pa ataima. Iwo yodziwika ndi zamphamvu ndi mphamvu ndithu.

Gawo minofu imasonyeza kukhalako kwa mtundu wachitatu. Izi minofu malo amodzi. Iwo akhoza kukhala mu maphunzirowa lalikulu malo amodzi katundu imagwera pa iwo. M'munsi malo minofu m'thupi, m'pamenenso iwo amasiyana mawu a dongosolo malo amodzi. Ambiri malo amodzi ntchito ataimirira ndi pa nthambi pansi thandizo zoyenda, kulimbitsa mafupa mu malo ena ndi mbali ya ntchito zawo mwachindunji.

Gulu la minofu malangizo ulusi minofu ndi wachibale wawo kwa tendons ndi

Minofu ulusi amene anakonza kufanana kwa olamulira kotenga, wotchedwa spindle woboola pakati kapena kufanana. Pamene ulusi ali pa ngodya kwa olamulira a minofu lotchedwa pinnate. miyendo ndi isanafalikire makamaka monga spindly ndi pinnate minofu.

Mu mnofu tendon wosanjikiza, koma chiwerengero ndi malangizo a zigawo minofu ndi muyezo umene minofu pinnate anawagawa mitundu ingapo:

• semipenniform imene palibe tendon interlayer, minofu ubwenzi Ulusi tendon, pali dzanja limodzi lokha;
• dvuperistye; ali mmodzi tendinous wosanjikiza ndi kugwirizana ziwiri kwa tendon ulusi minofu;
• mnogoperistye amene ali awiri kapena kuposa wosanjikiza tendon, ndilo chifukwa pali interweaving wa mitolo minofu, ankayandikira tendon mbali zingapo.

Kodi kugawanitsa minofu mawonekedwe?

Gawo mu mawonekedwe a minofu likusonyeza zosiyanasiyana wawo mitundu zofunika zochepa.

1. Long. Ili makamaka nthambi. mawonekedwe awo akufanana ndi spindle. Aliyense minofu ndi chidagawika patatu, gawo pakati amatchedwa chibadwire; chiyambi cha minofu kutchedwa mutu pandunji pa mapeto pamwamba - ndi mchira. tendons awo ali mawonekedwe riboni ngati. Pali minofu yaitali kuti tiribe koma zingapo atsogoleri a mafupa osiyanasiyana, m'pofunika kuwonjezera thandizo lawo. minofu zimenezi zimatchedwa ambiri mutu.
2. Short. Iwo ali pomwe sali kwambiri lalikulu kayendedwe lonse. Izi amayika munthu vertebrae mankhwala danga pakati pa vertebrae ndi nthiti, etc.
3. Lathyathyathya lonse. Iwo zili makamaka pa thunthu ndi malamba chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi malekezero. Iwo anawonjezera tendon otchedwa aponeurosis. Lathyathyathya minofu ali ndi galimoto ntchito, komanso thandizo ndi chitetezo.
4. Minofu akalumikidzidwa ena: lalikulu, zozungulira, deltoid, imodzi, trapezoidal, fusiform neri Al.

Kudulidwa kwa minofu m'magulu malinga ndi chiwerengero cha mitu ndi malo

Kapangidwe ndi gulu la minofu zapiringizana. Chotero, mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi ngala zingapo. Iwo apatsidwa dzina malinga ndi chiwerengero cha mitu: mutu awiri (kukongola), triceps (triceps), etc.

Malinga malo, amene wotanganidwa ndi minofu m'thupi, iwo ndi kungotengeka ndi zakuya, medial ndi lateral, kunja ndi mkati.

Minofu malinga ndi yaikulu malo

Gawo minofu poyerekezera ndi malo zikutanthauza odnosustavnyh (bwanji olowa chimodzi chokha) dvusustavnyh (ankavala kudutsa mfundo ziwiri) ndi minofu polyarticular (ntchito pa atatu kapena kuposa olowa).

Gulu la ntchito za minofu

Malinga ndi muyezo izi kuonetsetsa minofu, synergistic ndi minofu antagonist. Synergists kuyambitsa gulu olowa mu njira imodzi yokha (flexors kapena extensors) ndi muzikangana kuchita olowa mu awiri mbali zosiyana (flexors ndi extensors).

Gulu la ntchito za minofu ndi zikuphatikizapo zina zimene mungachite. minofu amagwiritsidwa akutsogolera abductor. Kodi ntchito rotational kuti compress, anachepetsa, wotsegula, kwezani m'munsi, kuti anyamule, kuzengereza.