Moyo ndi miyambo ya atumwi 18 ku Russia: History

Epochal ulamuliro wa Peter Ine, komanso kukonza ake ambiri umalimbana azungu ndi kuwonongedwa kwa zokhudzana ndi moyo akale tsiku komanso ndale, anali akuthandiza kwambiri pa moyo magulu onse a ufumuwo.

zaluso zosiyanasiyana, mwachangu anayambitsanso mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi miyambo ya ku Russia m'zaka za m'ma 18, anapereka kutsogolera olimba kusintha kwa Russia mu ŵakusanga boma European.

kusintha Peter Ine ndi

Peter Ine, komanso m'malo mwake pa mpando wachifumu wa Catherine II, ntchito yake yaikulu ya familiarizing akazi amakhulupirira kuti moyo yolembedwa ndi accustom makalasi chapamwamba anthu Russian kwa malamulo amakhalidwe abwino. Kuti tichite zimenezi, adzaika malangizo apadera ndi malangizo; olemekezeka Young kuphunzira malamulo a khoti zodyera ndipo azikaphunzira m'mayiko a Kumadzulo, kumene kumbuyo anauziridwa ndi chikhumbo choti anthu Russian ŵakusanga ndipo ano. kusintha kwambiri zagwira aboma moyo, banja moyo sichinasinthe - mutu wa banja anali munthu, anthu ena a m'banja anali kumumvera.

Moyo ndi miyambo zaka za m'ma 18, Russia adalowa kusagwirizana lalikulu ndi zaluso Ndipotu asangalala absolutism ndi ang'onoang'ono asapita sanalole sabweretsa chisoni ndipo mwamsanga kuti akhazikitse kwa Europeanization mu moyo. Komanso, panali kusiyana mpaka moyo zigawo olemera ndi serfs.

moyo Court m'zaka XVIII

Moyo ndi miyambo ya yachifumu mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVIII ankasiyana sikunachitekepo mwanaalirenji, zosayembekezereka ngakhale alendo. Onse anali kwambiri ndi mumaganiza Western: mu Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, panali aphunzitsi, anamkungwi hairdressers, milliners; kumanga kuti inali kuphunzira chinenero French; mafashoni Special anadziwana ndi madona, amene anali pa bwalo.

Luso, mu Paris, onetsetsani kuti kuphunzira kwa anthu otchuka Russian. Court zodyera ngati chionetsero m'bwalo la masewero - yolemekezeka mauta, curtsies analenga tanthauzo wokonda affectedness.

Pa nthawi zambiri kutchuka anali zisudzo. Pa nthawi imeneyi ndi woyamba Russian playwrights (Demetrius, Sumarokov).

Kukula kwambiri mabuku French. oimira apamwamba ambiri lolunjika pa mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha umunthu Mipikisano faceted - amakhala ngati chizindikiro cha kukoma zabwino.

Mu 30s - 40s wa atumwi XVIII, mu ulamuliro Anny Ioannovny, limodzi zosangalatsa otchuka, popanda Chess ndi njuga, wakhala masewera a makadi, amene poyamba anali kuziona chosayenera.

Moyo ndi miyambo ya m'ma 18 ku Russia: moyo wa amazikonda anthu otchuka

Chiwerengero cha Ufumu Russian inkakhala makalasi angapo.

Mu malo ambiri zaphindu anali olemekezeka a m'mizinda ikuluikulu, makamaka Saint - Petersburg ndi Moscow: zinthu bwino ndi udindo wapamwamba anthu, kuti athe kukhala ndi moyo chabe, ndi nthawi zonse kulinganiza ndi kupezeka zochitika zosangalatsa.

mwatcheru linaperekedwa kwa nyumba zawo, dongosolo lomwe zinakhudza ndi miyambo Western.

kukhala apamwamba wolemekezeka mwanaalirenji kukongola: zipinda zazikulu, tastefully choyalamo ndi mipando European, chandeliers yaikulu ndi makandulo, wolemera laibulale ndi mabuku a olemba Western - zonsezi kusonyeza tanthauzo la kukoma ndi kukhala umboni wa otchuka banja. zipinda Lalikulu la nyumba akulola mwini kukonza mipira yodzaza ndi madyerero a boma.

Udindo wa maphunziro m'zaka XVIII

Moyo ndi miyambo ya theka lachiwiri la m'ma 18 anali wapafupi potengera chikhalidwe cha Western ku Russia: inasanduka yapamwamba lolemera salons, kumene Povunduka mtsutso za ndale, zojambulajambula, mabuku, kutsutsana inkachitikira pa mitu aumunthu. Ambiri a chinali chilankhulidwe French, imene ana a otchuka ndi kwa aphunzitsi ubwana ophunzitsidwa mwapadera ganyu alendo. Pofuna kukwaniritsa 15 - 17 zaka anapatsa achinyamata ku sukulu ya mtundu chatsekedwa: anyamata munaphunzitsidwa pano a pomenya nkhondo, atsikana - malamulo a kukoma zabwino ndiponso luso kuimba zida zosiyanasiyana zoimbira, banja.

The Europeanization a moyo ndi maziko a m'tawuni unali wofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha dziko lonse. Zaluso zojambulajambula, zomangamanga, chakudya, zovala mwamsanga mizu m'nyumba za amazikonda anthu otchuka. Imachitika ndi zaka makhalidwe Russian ndi miyambo, anaganiza moyo ndi miyambo ya atumwi 18 ku Russia.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, zaluso musati anafalikira m'dziko lonselo, wokutidwa okha patsogolo kwambiri m'madera ake, kamodzinso kugogomeza phompho pakati pa wolemera ndi zigawo osauka.

Moyo olemekezeka akuzigawo

Mosiyana ndi anthu otchuka a likulu, oimira otchuka akuzigawo moyo modzichepetsa kwambiri, ngakhale anayesa mwa onse amafanana ndi apamwamba olemera. Nthawi zina chilakolako pa gawo anayang'ana okongola cartoonish. Ngati inu mukudziwa likulu anakhala kumbali Mabuku ochuluka ndi ntchito pa zikwi za serfs la banja la midzi akuzigawo ndi midzi ndalama waukulu amachokera misonkho osauka ndi ndalama kuchokera ku minda yawo. Nyumbayi wa mfumu anali m'mafanizidwe a nyumba likulu otchuka, koma ndi kusiyana kwambiri - pafupi ndi nyumba inali outbuildings ambiri.

Mlingo wa maphunziro wa anthu otchuka akuzigawo anali otsika kwambiri, maphunziro anali kwakukulukulu okha ndizosowa galamala ndi masamu. Amuna kuthera nthawi yawo yonse yopuma, kupita pa kukasaka, ndipo akazi gossiped za bwalo moyo ndi kachitidwe, popanda izi ulaliki chilungamo.

The eni zigawo kumidzi anali kumagwirizana ndi osawuka, amene anachita mbali ya ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito ku nyumba zawo. Choncho, anthu otchuka a kumidzi anali oyandikira wamba kuposa olemekezeka matauni. Komanso bwino ophunzira olemekezeka, komanso alimi, nthawi zambiri anali kutali ndi zaluso anayambitsa, ndipo ngati iwo anayesa kusunga ndi kachitidwe, kunapezeka ndi zimaseketsa kuposa tsaya.

Alimi: moyo ndi miyambo ya atumwi 18 ku Russia

Ankawonjezereka onse anali Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira wotsikitsitsa wa Russian Ufumu - serfs.

Ndimagwira ntchito masiku asanu ndi limodzi pa mlungu kuti mwininyumba sanapereke nthawi mlimi kuti kusintha moyo wawo. ziwembu yekha a m'dziko iwo anali kusamalira tchuti ndi kumapeto kwa sabata, chifukwa wamba mabanja ndi ana ambiri, ndipo tinali mwanjira kuwadyetsa iwo. Ndi ntchito okhazikika ndi kusowa nthawi ndi chuma ufulu umangidwa ndi moyo wosalira zambiri Amaya: nyumba nkhuni, akhakula zamkati chakudya zochepa ndi zovala yosavuta. Komabe, sanaleke iwo kubwera ndi zosangalatsa: mu maphwando kwambiri inachitika masewera chachikulu, ankachiritsa magule, nyimbo.

Ana a osawuka, popanda kulandira maphunziro aliwonse, mobwerezabwereza za tsogolo la makolo awo, ndi kukhala atumiki a serf ndi otchuka pamene wotchuka.

Chikoka cha West pa chitukuko Russia

Moyo ndi miyambo ya anthu Russian pa mapeto a XVIII m'ma ambiri anali mchikakamizo lathunthu la mumaganiza dziko kumadzulo. Ngakhale bata ndi chinthu chimodzimodzi miyambo yakale Russian ndi zochita za mayiko pang'onopang'ono analowa moyo wa anthu ambiri a Russian Ufumu, kupanga izo gawo wolemera kwa ophunzira kwambiri ndi kulemba. Zimenezi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi maonekedwe a mabungwe osiyanasiyana mu utumiki wa imene inali kale enaake a maphunziro, (mwachitsanzo zipatala oyang'anira tauni).

chikhalidwe ndi Europeanization pang'onopang'ono alionse ndithu amasonyeza mbiri Russian. Moyo ndi miyambo zaka za m'ma 18, chifukwa mfundo kukweza maphunziro a Peter ine, chinali chiyambi cha padziko lonse chikhalidwe chitukuko cha Russia ndi anthu ake.