M'dera la Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan - dera makhalidwe dziko ndi makhalidwe a dziko

Kazakhstan ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha ulemerero wa nsonga mapiri, m'zipululu mwachinsinsi, emarodi nyanja, nyama wapadera ndi zomera wazolengedwa. Kuti yekha ndi kutchula za chitukuko wakale, kuti dziko lino. Pali wachita kale anthu mafuko woyendayendawu. Apa ndi pamene mabodza gawo lalikulu la Great silika Road. Choncho zimene ana amakumana ndi zodabwitsa ndi wapadera Kazakhstan?

nkhani

mbiri dziko kunayamba mbiri isanayambe nyengo - zaka mamiliyoni 2.5 BC. e. Nyengo wakale amatenga m'ma VIII BC. e. - V m'ma BC. e. Nthawi akale ndi pa zaka V-XVIII. A nkhani kwatsopano kumayambira m'zaka XVIII. ndipo akutsirizira mu 1917. Kazakhstan linali gawo la Russia, ndi Nogai gulu, ufumu Siberia, ndi Chikazaki Khanate.

Ine siteji ya mbiri posachedwapa zinachitika mu nthawi ya kugwa kwa Russian Ufumu kwa kugwa kwa Union a Soviet. Fezi II anayamba December 16, 1991, pamene dziko anakhala wolamulira demokalase ndi malamulo boma.

Pa kuli mapu dziko Kazakhstan zosiyana kwambiri chifukwa kulolerana ake mu maufumu osiyanasiyana maufumu.

utsogoleri magawano

Monga tanenera, Kazakhstan, m'dera la m'gawo lake oposa 2 mamita lalikulu. Km, amatanthauza unitary. Dziko lili ndi mizinda itatu ya subordination Republican, m'mizinda 86, m'zigawo 14, zigawo 168, 174 midzi.

Choncho Kazakhstan dera ali motere:

• Akmola.
• Alma-Ata.
• Aktobe.
• Atyrau.
• East Kazakhstan.
• West Kazakhstan.
• South Kazakhstan.
• North Kazakhstan.
• Zhambyl.
• Kostanay.
• Karaganda.
• Kyzylorda.
• Pavlodar.
• Mangistau.

mzinda tanthauzo national:

• Alma-Ata (Almaty).
• Baikonur.
• Astana - likulu.

nyengo

M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti Kazakhstan m'dera ndi waukulu ndithu. amasiyanitsa Choncho, mu madera osiyana a dziko zingaoneke zokhudza chuma nyengo, zimachititsa chilumbachi, madzi.

Kazakhstan lili kutali kwa nyanja, kotero kumpoto nyengo nkhanza ndi ozizira, ndi maluwa kum'mwera pachimake kunja kwa nyengo. Kutentha pafupifupi mu January: kumpoto ndi kum'mawa - -18 ° C, kum'mwera - -3 ° C. pafupifupi July kutentha kumpoto kwa +19 ° C, kum'mwera - + 28 ° .. + 30 ° C.

m'madera onse a Kazakhstan zili mabacteria 4 nyengo: chipululu, theka chipululu ndi steppe.

anaika dera kumpoto kwa dziko mu zone ya steppe. Apa pali kwambiri mphepo liwiro. Mu steppe woyendera nthambi yozizira wamfupi dzinja. Spring ndi nthawi ya kugwa.

Mu zone m'nkhalango steppe wa zigwa zili kumpoto kwa dziko. Nyengo yaifupi - kasupe. nthawi ndi miyezi 3 chilimwe ndi chisanu - kuchokera October mpaka April.

Mu theka chipululu steppes louma ili m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko. Yozizira pano ali kwambiri, nyengo ndi osakhazikika, chilimwe akulamulira kutentha mumamva.

Mu chipululu, kukuchitika pamodzi m'chipululu cha Kazakhstan, pali nthawi yotentha chilimwe, zambiri youma mpweya, yozizira.

mpumulo

Wachibale mpumulo mukufuna kuona kuti Kazakhstan malo wokwanira ¾ wotanganidwa ndi zigwa. Kummawa ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa mutha kuona mapiri a Altai, Tian Shan, Jungar Alatau. Ili mu kumadzulo ndi Caspian maganizo. Pakati pa dziko ndi mapiri dongosolo la Chikazaki melkopesochnika.

ka madzi

Ndi madzi, ine ndinganene kuti Kazakhstan, pafupi 8500 ang'ono ndi lalikulu mitsinje. North ndi nthenda yotaya kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Irtysh, Tobol, Ishim. Komanso pa dera la dziko loyenda mtsinje Ural, Ili, Syrdarya. M'chaka cha sing'anga ambiri ndi mitsinje yaing'ono adzauma chifukwa cha nyengo youma.

dziko ndi ya Caspian. kuya kwake ndi 5-7 mamita. Kuwonjezera m'dera la Kazakhstan, ndi Caspian Nyanja ndi yofunika Russia, Iran, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan.

Mabwalo komanso anaika 48 zikwi nyanja zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Lalikulu ndi Balkhash, Zaisan, Tengiz, Nyanja Aral, Alakol.

Flora ndi zinyama

Uliwonse dera la Kazakhstan, mukhoza kuona khalidwe chabe nyama ndi zomera ake. Choncho, mu dziko aona kwawo mitundu 480 ya mbalame, 155 - nyama, 150 - nsomba. Mu zipululu, ndi theka-zipululu akhoza kukumana zokwawa ndi tizilombo. Mu steppe moyo saiga, insa, nkhandwe, kalulu, makoswe, nkhandwe, mimbulu. Nyanja ya dziko chobisa swans, atsekwe, gulls, abakha, mphama. Mu mapiri mungapeze anyalugwe chisanu, mbuzi phiri, zimbalangondo, nkhosa, agwape ndi mbalame zambiri.

Koma zomera, palibe angathe kukumbukira zosiyanasiyana. Pa gawo la Kazakhstan kukula junipers, nkhalango paini, birch, apulo, Aspen. Mapiri amasiyana ya m'mapiri ndi subalpine meadows ndi zipululu, ndi theka-zipululu - sagebrush udzu, forb udzu, zomera sagebrush-saltwort. Kum'mwera mutha kuona chapadera cha zomera - tsitvarnaya kapena Santonin chowawa.

ntundu

Kazakhstan Area (sq Km.) - miliyoni 2,724, dziko tithe pa chizindikiro ichi mu malo chinayi mu dziko. Ambiri Republic ndi pa 60 malo. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri a Republic of Kazakhstan adzakhala njila kwa dziko. Choncho, lero kunyumba kwa anthu oposa 17.098.500. Iwo likukhalira kuti 1 sq. Km pali anthu 6 okha.

Kazakhstan malire - ndi Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China. N'zosadabwitsa kuti dziko moyo Kazakhs, Russian, Ukrainians, Uzbeks, Uighurs, Germany, Chitata. Kodi malire a Kazakhstan, Tingaone pa mapu nkhaniyi.

zokopa

Kazakhstan anatchuka chifukwa zokonda zake. Anthu ambiri amatchulira dziko lino ndi wapoyera owonetsera zakale. Dziko amakhala okongola maganizo wowoneka bwino ndi zipilala mbiri.

Choncho, aliyense akufuna kukayendera mu Nyanja Burabay mu Kokshetautskoy m'deralo yokutidwa ndi nthano; kuona kukongola kwa dzikoli kuli mapiri meadows wa pa Trans-Ili Alatau ndi malo otchuka wa chigwa Charyn mtsinje.

Umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri ndi Almaty. Malowa ali pamtunda pa phazi la Trans-Ili Alatau. Almaty amakopa alendo ndi ensembles mapulani pachiyambi. Near mudzi pali wapadera chikhalidwe malo umene allocated pa 90 zikwi mahekitala.

Ku Southern Kazakhstan kuwona manda ambiri a mafumu a Saki. Neri manda wa Iron Age. awiri ake mamita oposa 104, ndi kutalika - mamita 17 kapena kuposa. Palibe malo mu Europe ndi ku Asia sangathe kudzitama wa ndende ngati mkulu wa n'chodabwitsa m'manda a mafumu.

Atafika ku Kazakhstan, aliyense alendo akanati kukaona midzi zotsatirazi kuti auze mbiri ndi mbiri ya boma mapangidwe:

• Astana.
• Almaty.
• Aktau.
• Aktobe.
• Atyrau.
• Baikonur.
• Balkhash.
• Borovoye.
• Zhezkazgan.
• Karaganda.
• Kokshetau.
• Kostanay.
• Kyzylorda.
• Pavlodar.
• Petropavlovsk.
• Mabanja.
• Taldykorgan.
• Taraz.
• Turkestan.
• Uralsk.
• Ayenela-Kamenogorsk.
• Shymkent.

chikhalidwe

ndi tchuti:

• March 8;
• March 22;
• 1 January;
• August 30;
• December 16;
• May 1;
• May 9;
• 6 July.

Popeza Kazakhstan m'dera ndi waukulu kwambiri ndipo mmenemo anthu a zikhulupiriro zosiyanasiyana, maholide achipembedzo ndi Eid Ramadani ndi Kurban ait.

Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa kuti anthu a Republic - anthu kuchereza alendo kwambiri. Pakuti Kazakhs angadze popanda akaitanidwa, ndi mwininyumba adzakhala wosangalala kwambiri. Pakati pa mbali khalidwe la Kazakhs zigwire kulolerana, mtendere, kulemekeza akulu. makhalidwe zonsezi anabweretsa lililonse kuyambira ubwana, kotero boma analibe mtundu kapena chipembedzo mikangano.

Ali Kazakhstan ulemu wosanganiza a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, anthu ambiri mu dziko kulankhula Russian. M'zaka zaposachedwapa amafika otchuka Chikazaki ndi English zinenero. Okhala dziko angatchedwe "Kazakhstani" kapena "Chikazaki". Ngakhale, monga mchitidwe mapulogalamu lonse, pambuyo pa zonse, mawu akuti "Chikazaki" ndi zambiri ntchito.

mgwirizano wa mayiko

Kazakhstan amathandiza mgwirizano wa mayiko ndi mamembala onse a United Nations. The geopolitical bwenzi limati chachikulu ndi: European Union, USA, China, Middle maiko ndi Russia.

Popeza 2005, Republic anayamba mwachangu kukhala njira zachuma ndi chikhalidwe Yakutia, Tatarstan, Chuvashia, Bashkortostan, China. Boma kugwirizana ndi OSCE ndi, CAC, Bungwe la Turkic Kulankhula States, Bungwe la Cooperation Chisilamu, ndi CSTO, CIS, EurAsEC, SCO, CICA, etc.

Republic watenga mbali mu ntchito zambiri okhazikitsa mtendere. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri a ku Kazakhstan kuti anakwanitsa n'chongoletsa oposa 5 miliyoni munitions ku Iraq. boma limaperekanso chithandizo kwa mayiko monga Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Tajikistan.

Zimavuta ndi la Russia, Kazakhstan akugwira ntchito mawu a Soviet Customs, kugwilizana ndi Mgwirizano Security Pangano, amaona kuti kukhala membala wa CIS. Relations ndi China akhala kwambiri waubwenzi ndi chikondi.

Pa mgwirizano zachuma tinganene kuti boma anatsogolera mfundo yogwira ndi maiko CIS, phindu la kudera la Kazakhstan chololera. Wachibale maganizo geopolitical tinganene kuti boma nthawizonse ndayesera kukhala ndale.

Kazakhstan - Dziko amene anapambana kukhulupirira mayiko ena, anapambana kagawo kakang'ono mu mabungwe. Ndi wotchuka chifukwa bata ake mu chuma, geopolitics ndi chikhalidwe.