Minofu ya thupi: mayina ndi ntchito

Minofu mbali yofunika kwambiri mu thupi - gawo ili yogwira dongosolo lathu minofu ndi mafupa. Chabe gawo zimapanga fascia, Mitsemphayi ndi mafupa. Minofu minofu ndi anapeka onse minofu chigoba: ndi torso, mutu ndi miyendo. chidule awo limapezeka mosintha.

Minofu ya thunthu ndi miyendo komanso minofu ya mutu, atazungulira fascia - connective minofu zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Iwo kuphimba mbali ya thupi ndi zifika dzina lake (phewa fascia, chifuwa, m'chiuno, forearm, ndi ena.).

40% ya misa okwana thupi amapanga wamkulu chigoba minofu. Kwa ana, chifukwa cha zokhudza 20-25% ya kulemera kwa thupi, ndi okalamba - kuti 25-30%. Thupi la munthu yekha pafupifupi 600 osiyana minofu chigoba. Iwo agawidwa ndi malo pa minofu ya m'khosi mutu, chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi malekezero ndi thunthu (izi zikuphatikizapo minofu yanu m'mimba, chifuwa ndi kumbuyo). Tiyeni akukhala zapitazi. Ife pofotokoza ntchito minofu ya thunthu, kupereka dzina ya aliyense wa iwo.

minofu pachifuwa

Kapangidwe Segmental amasunga m'manja mwa kuya kwa malo minofu pachifuwa, komanso mafupa a m'munda. zigawo zitatu zili kuno thunthu minofu:

1) intercostal mkati;

2) kunja intercostal;

3) lateral pachifuwa minofu.

The zakulera ndi operably zogwirizana iwo.

minofu Intercostal wa mkati ndi kunja

minofu Intercostal ili kunja kwa mipata intercostal wa nthiti chichereŵechereŵe kwa msana. Yapamwamba iwo apite kuchokera pamwamba pansi ndi patsogolo. Popeza mphamvu ndalezo (ndalezo dzanja) ndi wautali mu malo za ubwenzi minofu kuposa m'chiyambi cha izo, minofu pamene kuchepetsa Nyamulani nthiti. Choncho, lateral ndi anteroposterior malangizo kumawonjezera voliyumu ya thorax lapansi. minofu Awa ndi ena mwa kudzoza zofunika kwambiri. Ambiri dorsal awo matabwa amachokera ku vertebrae thoracic (njira zawo yopingasa) zigwire monga minofu zochotsa nthiti.

Internal intercostal zatenga za 2/3 la zapambuyo intercostal danga. ulusi awo kuthamanga kuchokera pansi ndi patsogolo. Kuchepetsa, iwo amapereka nthiti kutsitsa chotero atsogolere mpweya, kuchepetsa kukula kwa pachifuwa anthu.

Ofananira pachifuwa minofu

Malowa ali pamtunda pa chifuwa khoma mkati mwa iye. Imathandiza kuti kuchepetsa mpweya.

Mu 3 intersecting malangizo ndi minofu CHIKWANGWANI pachifuwa. Kapangidwe amenewa kumathandiza kuti kuphatikiza pa khoma pachifuwa.

zakulera

Midriff (zakulera) umatilekanitsa ndi thoracic zonse m'mimba. Ngakhale m'nyengo yoyambirira ya chitukuko embryonic, minofu imeneyi aumbike ku myotomes khomo lachiberekero. Iye akusunthira kumbuyo ndi chitukuko cha Mapapo ndi mtima; koma si adzanyamule malo okhazikika 3-mwezi mwana wosabadwayo. Kabowo malo bookmarks mogwirizana aziwapatsa ubongo, zomwe nthambi ku plexus khomo lachiberekero. Iye zooneka mzikiti-mphako. The zakulera imakhala ulusi minofu kuyambira pa circumference wa kutsegula pansi imeneyi thorax lapansi. Kenako kusamukira pamwamba pa mzikiti tendon ali pakati. Ili mu mtima wa mzikiti uwu srednelevoy. The midriff ndi mabowo imene makungwa kum'mero, msempha, lymph ritsa, mtsempha, mitsempha. Ndi waukulu kupuma minofu. Pamene chifundamtima yafupika, polowetsedwa mzikiti ndi thorax ake kumawonjezera mu gawo choimirira. Kuwala Choncho umakaniko anatambasula ndipo pali mpweya.

Pachifuwa minofu ntchito

Monga mukuonera, ntchito yaikulu ya minofu tatchulazi, ndi nawo limagwirira kupuma. Mpweya ndionetse kuti kuonjezera buku la pachifuwa. Wachitira anthu osiyana kapena makamaka mwa chifundamtima (otchedwa m'mimba kupuma), kapena ndi minofu kunja intercostal (thoracic mtundu wa kupuma). Izi mitundu zikhoza kusintha, iwo ali osati nthawi zonse. Minofu kuti amathandiza kuchepetsa voliyumu ya chifuwa, adamulowetsa kokha pamene mpweya amphamvu. Mpweya imakhala yokwanira pulasitiki katundu, amene ali wokha thorax.

minofu ena pachifuwa

M'mphepete mwa sternum, clavicle ndi sternum chichereŵechereŵe mbali zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi m'mbali cham'mwamba zimachokera pectoralis lalikulu. Iwo Ufumuyo humerus, ndi Crest wa tuberosity wake wamkulu. Pakati ndi minofu tendon ndi bursa. Minofu, kudula, proniruet amatsogolera phewa lake, kukoka iye mtsogolo.

Mu minofu kwambiri pectoral ndi yaing'ono. Umayamba kwa lachinayi ndi nthiti chachiwiri zolumukizidwa ndi coracoid ndi imakoka tsamba phewa malangizo ndi downwardly ndi forwardly pa kuchepetsa.

The serratus zapambuyo minofu zimachokera kachiwiri ndi chinayi nthiti mano naini. Izo ndi zolumikizana ndi scapula (m'mphepete medial ndi ngodya zake m'munsi). Ndi yamasika zogwirizana zambiri za matabwa ake. Minofu pamene kuchepetsa tsamba anakoka patsogolo, ndipo m'munsi ngodya zake - outwards. Tsamba potero imazungulira padziko olamulira sagittal, ndi lateral fupa ngodya kukacha. Ngati mkono ndi kwathu, onsewo tsamba, serratus zapambuyo akukweza dzanja lake pamwamba olowa phewa.

minofu m'mimba

Tipitirize kuganizira minofu ya thunthu ndi kupita ku gulu lotsatira. M'gulu minofu yake m'mimba kupanga khoma m'mimba. Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo.

Direct ndi pyramidal minofu

Rectus abdominis akuyamba ku chichereŵechereŵe cha wachisanu ndi nthiti chiwiri ndi ndondomeko xiphoid. Iwo Ufumuyo kwa symphysis obisika outwards kwa izo. minofu Izi intercepted kudutsa ntchito 3 kapena 4 tendon jumpers. Ndi rectus mu m'chimake fibrous popangidwa ndi aponeurosis oblique minofu.

Kenako, pyramidal minofu ndi yaing'ono, nthawi zambiri kwathunthu kwina. Ndi chokhudza kunachitika nyama, matumba ndi minofu kumbuyo. Umayamba pafupi symphysis obisika. minofu imeneyi, kuchepetsa oposa, amamangiriridwa ku mzere woyera, pamene kuchepetsa akukoka pa izo.

The kunja ndi mkati oblique minofu

oblique kunja limachokera ku nthiti za m'munsi matabwa asanu ndi atatu. ulusi wake kuthamanga kuchokera pamwamba pansi ndi patsogolo. minofu Izi zaikidwa ndi ilium (Crest ake). Front akudutsa mu fascia lapansi. CHIKWANGWANI yamasika nawo mapangidwe a rectus m'chimake. Iwo zapiringizana mu midline ulusi aponeuroses ili mbali ina ya minofu oblique, potero kupanga mzere woyera. Free m'munsi m'mphepete mwa fascia ndi unakhuthala pamalo mkati. Ndipamene ndi mitsempha inguinal. malekezero ake wokwera pa lonnom chitunda ndi ilium (ndi zapambuyo mafupa ake).

The mkati oblique minofu limachokera ku iliac Crest, komanso ku fascia chifuwa lumbar ndi inguinal mitsempha. Komanso, ayenera kukhala pansi ndi pansi ndi chikugwirizana ndi nthiti zitatu m'munsi. The aponeurosis ikuyenda minofu mitolo m'munsi.

Yopingasa minofu limachokera ku chifuwa lumbar fascia, m'mbali m'munsi mwa mitsempha inguinal ndi iliac fupa. Iye amapita kutsogolo mu fascia lapansi.

Ntchito minofu m'mimba

ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimagwiridwa ndi minofu m'mimba. Iwo apanga khoma m'mimba ndi umachitika chifukwa cha Tome ziwalo mkati. Minofu imeneyi, kuchepa, Ndikuchepetsa zonse m'mimba (makamaka za minofu yopingasa) ndipo monga abdominals bwanji ziwalo zimathandiza kuti kuchotsa ndowe, mkodzo, masanzi, kukankha kudzera kutsokomola ndi mbadwa kuchita, ndipo anawerama patsogolo vertebrae (makamaka rectus minofu, kupinda thupi), tembenuzani nguli kotenga ndi mbali. Monga mukuonera, udindo wawo thupi kwambiri.

minofu kumbuyo

Pofotokoza minofu maziko a thupi, ife tikubwera kwa gulu lomaliza - minofu kumbuyo. Ndipo ife za iwo. Komanso pa chifuwa, kumbuyo minofu ndi mwakuya zawo. Iwo anaphimba ndi minofu, chifukwa mu kayendedwe ka miyendo chapamwamba ndi kuwalimbitsa mu thunthu. Awiri nthiti mathero m'minofu underdeveloped ikukhudzana minofu awo kumbuyo (ventral) ndi zapambuyo otsika zapambuyo kuposa zida. Onse a iwo ali nawo kupuma. Muzilankhula pansi m'mbali, ndi pamwamba angakwanitse iwo. Minofu imeneyi kutambasula pachifuwa, kuchita nthawi yomweyo.

Pamodzi ndi ndime msana pansi pa kumbuyo imodzi minofu kwambiri minofu kumbuyo. Iwo ali ndi magwero dorsal. Iwo kupitiriza anthu wosazindikira, dongosolo kwambiri kapena zochepa metameric. Iwo ili mbali ya msana, njira zake spinous anakafika ku chigaza kuti sacrum lapansi.

Pakati pa njira yopingasa zili intertransversarii ili pafupi vertebrae. Iwo nawo ndi kuchepetsa kutsogolera mbali ya msana.

minofu Interspinous nawo ukugwirizana ake. Iwo lili pakati pa vertebrae moyandikana (a njira spinous).

Short-occipital peresenti minofu (a okwana 4) zili pakati Buku la mapu a, occipital fupa ndi ofananira linkawonongeka. Iwo zimayenda ndi anaweramuka mutu wake.

Ntchito ya minofu kumbuyo

chakuti thupi ukufanizidwa ndi ambiri minofu mmbuyo, chifukwa zosiyanasiyana za thupi lonse ndi msana makamaka. Udindo ofukula munthu akukamba mphamvu ya minofu. Njovu popanda iye akanati kukhotetsa patsogolo. Ndipotu, kutsogolo kwa msana ndi pakati yokoka. Komanso, gulu lina ili monga ena kuti azitha kulera torso. Gwirizanani, phindu kwambiri mkulu.

Wosanjikiza 2 chikugwirizana ndi nthambi kumtunda kwa gulu la minofu kumbuyo. Trapezius ndi latissimus kugona mu wosanjikiza pamwamba. Wachiwiri ndi rhomboid ndi levator scapula.

Kuwonjezera mfundo pamwamba ili minofu thunthu miyendo chapamwamba nazo zonse. Mwachitsanzo, anthu amene amagwira ku tsamba, osati kubweretsa mu filimu. Iwo anakonza tsamba pamene magulu ankatsutsa minofu pa nthawi yomweyo yafupika. Komanso, ngati nthambi kuyenda kupsyinjika minofu zina, iwo ali, pamene odulidwa, sikungawononge njira kwambiri, koma pa chifuwa. Iwo kuwakomera, ndiko kuchita minofu wothandiza kudzoza. Izi minofu thupi amagwiritsa ntchito kupuma adakangalika nakweza mawu ake, makamaka, ndi ntchito zamanja, akuthamanga kapena matenda kupuma.

Kotero, ife anayang'ana pa akatumba maziko a thupi. Kaswili - sayansi kuti amafuna kuphunzira mozama. Pamwamba Kupenda nkhani munthu sangathe kuwona dongosolo lonse. Nthawiyi, minofu ya thunthu ndi khosi - ndi mbali chabe ya limagwirira zovuta umene ife amalamulira thupi lathu.