Amene anati "Eureka!"? Lodziwika bwino anapeza Archimedes mfundo

Ambiri a ife tikukumbukira Archimedes ku sukulu. Ndipo Iye anati, "Eureka!" Utatha kusamba ndipo anaona kuti madzi ananyamuka. Izi zinachititsa kuti iye kuzindikira kuti voliyumu ya madzi osamukira ayenera kukhala wolingana voliyumu ya adalowetsedwa chinthu.

Gold Korona Gierona

Kunali mfumu ina dzina lake Hieron. Dziko, amene anathamanga, anali yaing'ono, koma ndi chifukwa chake iye amafuna kuti azivala korona wa waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. kupanga ake analangiza kudziwika mwaluso jeweler, kum'patsa ndalama khumi la golide woyenga bwino. Master alonjeza kugwira ntchito mu masiku 90. Patapita nthawi ino, jeweler anabweretsa korona. Iyo inali ntchito yaikulu, ndipo aliyense amene anaona, anati kuti si wolingana padziko lonse.

Pamene Mfumu Hiero anaika korona pa mutu wake, iye ankaona pang'ono womangika, kunatero wokongola nduwira. Wambiri akutama anaganiza kulemera pa sikelo yawo. korona chimalemera mapaundi 10, monga analamula. Mfumu anasangalala, koma anaganiza kuti amuonetse munthu wanzeru kwambiri, dzina lake Archimedes. Iye kulingalira ndi nduwira amange ndi mosamala, ndipo Kenaka anamuuza kuti wosalungama m'manja mwa jeweler akhoza kuba golide, ndi kusunga mankhwala kulemera kuwonjezera mkuwa kapena siliva.

Nkhawa Hiero anafunsa Archimedes kum'patsa umboni chinyengo mu mulanduwo, ngati mbuye anali mwachinyengo. Wasayansi sankadziwa momwe angachitire izo, koma iye sanali munthu amene amaona chinthu chosatheka. Iye nsangala chinkhoswe pothetsa mavuto ambiri, ndipo pamene funso kakasi, iye sanaleke mpaka anapeza yankho. Ndipo tsiku ndi tsiku poganizira za golide ndi kuyesera kupeza njira imene inu angaletse chinyengo, popanda mavuto kwa korona.

atulukira Great mwamwayi

Archimedes kamodzi m'mawa, kuganizira korona wa mfumu, anali kukonzekera kusamba. kusamba Large linadzaza ndi Mlomo, pamene iye analowa, ndipo madzi zinawukhira kuyenda pansi miyala. Zofanana zachitika kale nthawi zambiri, koma wasayansi woyamba kuganizirapo kwambiri. "Kodi madzi ochuluka Ine anazunzidwa, kupita kusamba?" - anafunsa yekha. - "madzi anabwera monga mmene zinalili ine. Man theka kukula wanga aithamangitse theka. The chofanana chingachitike ngati tiika korona "mu kusamba.

Amene anati "Eureka!"?

Gold kumalemera kwambiri chifukwa kachulukidwe zenizeni kuposa siliva. Ndipo ndalama khumi la golide woyenga sadzatha aithamangitse madzi monga mmene aithamangitse mapaundi asanu ndi awiri a golide, wothira mapaundi atatu za siliva. Mu siliva zamitundu adzakhala zikuluzikulu Choncho, madzi ndi izo aithamangitse kuposa golide woyenga bwino. Hooray, potsiriza! Ndinapeza izo! Choncho wina anati, "Eureka!" Zinali Archimedes. Ndikuiwala china chirichonse, iye analumpha kuchokera kusamba, ndipo popanda moona kuvala yekha, anathamanga kudutsa mu misewu ku nyumba ya mfumu, kufuula "Eureka! Eureka! Eureka! "Kumasulira kwa tanthauzo Greek" Ndapeza! Ndinapeza! Ndinapeza! "

Korona wayesedwa. Chifukwa, mlandu jeweler anali zinapereka umboni wosatsutsika wololera. Kaya iye analangidwa kapena ayi, mbiri chete, izo kwenikweni zilibe kanthu. Chokhacho kuti amene anati, "Eureka!" Mu kusamba anapeza chachikulu, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri kuposa Korona Gierona.

Lingaliro la "Eureka"

mawu amagwirizana ndi heuristics, chidziwitso makampani, amatanthauza zinthu ndi yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale kuthetsa mavuto mu ndondomeko ya kuphunzira ndi kufufuza. malangizo chikugwirizana ndi Archimedes wasayansi amene anati "Eureka" atafa iye mu mutu anabwera kusankha mafunde zake pa nthawi ya vuto. msangani uwu ndi kolona wa golide kwa nthawi yoyamba inatuluka mu kulemba m'buku la Vitruvius, zaka ziwiri pambuyo nkhaniyi.

Akatswiri ena amakayikira yolondola nkhani imeneyi ponena kuti njira imeneyi kumafuna miyezo yokwanira bwino kuti kudzakhala kovuta kuchita pa nthawi. mavuto ofanana nawo Galileo Galiley, kupereka pulani bwino hydrostatic, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyerekeza kulemera kwa misa wouma chinthu ndi chinthu chomwecho, kokha kumizidwa m'madzi.

chosefukira zilandiridwenso

Mmodzi wa wamkulu ndi odziwika nthano chimazungulira ndi lodziwika bwino Archimedes. Amene anati: "Eureka!"? Ndipo chifukwa, ine ndikudabwa, zambiri zimene zazikulu m'kati tsiku chizolowezi ndi zochitika - mu bafa, kugona pansi pa mtengo? Archimedes anapitiriza amathandiza zofunika kuti chitukuko cha sayansi. Wotchuka Greek masamu, wasayansi ya zakuthambo, anabadwa mu 287 BC ku Surakusa, Greek njuchi ku Sicily, ndipo anafa 212 BC. e. pa nkhondo ya Aroma. lamulo lake kusukulu, ndipo iye akadali ndi chimodzi cha asayansi chachikulu munthawi zonse.

Mfundo Archimedes '

Mfundo wotchuka, limodzi ndi nkhani zosangalatsa imati motere: kulemera kwa chinthu chomwecho ayenera zofanana, kaya mawonekedwe. Amene anati "Eureka"? Ndipo zikutanthauza chiyani? Zinali wosangalala pa kutulukira zofunika. The sayansi mfundo Archimedes akufotokozedwa motere: pamene thupi kumizidwa mu madzi, iwo amayamba kuchita mphamvu buoyancy wofanana ndi kulemera kwa madzimadzi ena.

N'chifukwa chiyani anthu ena zinthu tiwolokere ndi ena satero? Ichi ndi chifukwa chodabwitsa buoyancy. Mwachitsanzo, zitsulo mpira idzatitimira, koma zitsulo za thupi lomwelo, koma mafanizidwe a chikho adzakhala tiwolokere chifukwa kulemera ndi anagawira dera zazikulu, ndi osalimba a zitsulo kumakhala kosavuta kuposa kachulukidwe ka madzi. Mwachitsanzo angakhale zombo chachikulu, chimene kulemera matani angapo ndipo kusambira m'madzi.