Nusu - ndi zingati? 1 nusu - mmene magalamu ambiri

Ambiri a inu Ndithu adamva mawu "nusu". Koma aliyense amadziwa chomwe chimatanthauza? Ichi ndi chinthu chakale muyeso kulemera osati. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, lingaliro ili ali ndi mbiri wolemera. Ndipo kumabungwe ena chuma popanda muyeso izi sungathe. Ndiye kodi magalamu ambiri 1 nusu akulemera?

mawu

Mosakayikira, mawu ndi lochokera Latin. Mu Roma, otchedwa chimodzi khumi la Libra - waukulu muyeso kulemera. Komabe, osati ake kulemera anali anayeza. Ambiri, zingaoneke kuti mawu kutikonda kwambiri Aroma.

Pali zambiri anati: "Ine ndinapita ku aunsi anayi njira .." kapena "Ndinawerenga buku aunsi atatu." Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Zinatheka kuyeza mtunda mothandizidwa ndi zolemera? Ayi, ndithudi. Nusu - ichi ndi chimodzi-akhumi chilichonse. Chabwino, kapena khumi kapena khumi ndi chitatu - malinga ndi dziko ndi nthawi. Choncho kodi ngakhale anayeza? Ndipo bwanji? Komanso nusu ku Rome unali ndalama. Iwo anaika coining mfundo limodzi. ndalamayo ndiye, ndithudi, kunali chipembedzo yaing'ono. Tidamchita iye ndi aloyi malata, mkuwa ndi mtovu. Ife otchedwa ndi ena Spanish (doubloons) ndi Chinese ndalama za golidi.

miyeso

Choncho, aunzi - zoona, osati muyezo kulemera. Ndi ziwiri buku wagawo ndi chimodzi - mphamvu. Ambiri, kuphunzira zambiri, pali aunsi ochepa. Aroma, monga tatchulazi, nawonso ntchito m'litali, dera, mphamvu ndiponso cholowa phindu. Mwachitsanzo, 1 oz yaitali Ancient Rome, inde ndipo sipadzakhalanso mamita 0,0246. pamwamba A (dera) pali uger anayeza. Choncho, chimodzi-akhumi za izo - 1 nusu - wofanana mamita 209,91.

mitundu

Roma muyeso kulemera - 1 nusu (chimodzi khumi la Libra) ndi wofanana 28,34 ga Zikuoneka pang'ono ndithu. Koma anagawa m'zigawo: semuncia, sitsilikusy, scruple ndi silikvy. Yotsirizira anali kale 144 aunzi.

Mpaka dongosolo chinkafunika nusu anali kufalikira ponseponse mu Europe. Izo ntchito lero. Komabe, ngakhale miyezo ya kulemera ndi dzina omwewo ndiwo yomweyo. Tiyeni akukhala wotchuka kwambiri.

Troy nusu

Za unit wa muyeso kunena, mwina, ndi kwambiri. Panopa, izo ntchito masekeli zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Ali monga gulu mu malonda atsopano pa kuphana wapadera.

Pali, mtengo wa golide ndi miyala ina yamtengo wapatali anatsimikiza ndi mlingo wa munthu Troy nusu. thupi lakelo, zochokera dongosolo chinkafunika ndi za 31.103 magalamu. Monga mukuonera, ndi osiyana oz wamba. Chikadali ntchito mu zodzikongoletsera kubanki. Kuyeza komanso kulemera kwa zosakaniza mu zodzoladzola. Koma monga anawonekera?

Zikamera akuti unkagwiritsidwa kwa khumi ndi chitatu atumwi AD. Wina akhoza ngati zodabwitsa, koma muyeso izi zokhudzana ndi mzinda lodziwika bwino kwa Troy. Ndipo anaonekera Troyes ndi French. Pali nthawi (12-13 atumwi, ndipo malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena - kuchokera 5 TH m'ma) zatchuka kwambiri miyezi itatu chilungamo, amene amakopa anthu a m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zosiyanasiyana (ndalama zanu ku France, mukanthawi mu mzinda uliwonse) ndi amaona zolemera za (aliyense mankhwala kulibe malo) analenga chisokonezo malonda, koma chifukwa patapita kanthawi anaganiza kutenga buku la livre French, limene analembapo muyeso umodzi wa siliva.

1 Troy nusu, motero, ndi chimodzi khumi la kuti muyezo. Akukhulupirira kuti sanali wopanda nawo korona French. Mulimonsemo, unit ankaoneka zabwino kwambiri. Ndipotu ndalama izi kulemedwa ndendende paundi imodzi. Ndipo pamene ndalama wofunika kwa kulemera kwake. Izi kenako chitsulo chabwinocho m'menemo n'kuyamba faifi tambala kapena mkuwa. Komabe, mafumu anadza napita. Ndipo kulamulira chasers, zomwe zinali zokwanira, sanali mlingo wokwanira. Choncho siliva ndalama French anayamba kuvutika. Nthawi zambiri, ndalama wapatali zambiri kudula kubala siliva kapena golide. Choncho, kunali koyenera kuti akabweretsa Ndalama muyezo ndi malire bwino. M'kupita kwa nthawi, golidi ndi siliva, ndithudi, kwambiri anakula mtengo mwadzina la ndalama dziko. Ndipo pafupifupi anasiya anawonjezera.

ndalama

Pakali pano, magombe m'mayiko ambiri pa dziko lapansi kupitiriza vypuskayutsya ndalama za golidi. Ndipo iwo tikhale osati kwa zopereka payekha. Choncho anthu akhoza aganyali ndi kusunga ndalama golide. M'njira imeneyi, iwo ndi ofanana bullion golide. Zambiri mwa ndalamazi lili chabe aunzi ya golide:

1. Australia golide bullion (ndalama).

2. Austria Philharmonic.

3. The American Gold Buffalo.

4. American Gold Mphungu.

5. Canada golide mapulo tsamba.

6. China Panda.

7. South African Krugerrand.

Iwo onse ndi lolembedwa kake. Ndipo, ndithudi, iwo alibe onse kulemera ndendende wina Troy nusu. Iwo anyamula zitsulo zina. Koma Troy nusu la golide, siliva kapena pulatinamu mwa iwo kuchita. Mwazina, kugula zitsulo zamtengo wapatali pa Intaneti, samalani kuti: mayunitsi wa muyeso mwachindunji kulemera uko. Ndipotu, aunzi ya averdyupua (ndi tsopano kwambiri amagwiritsidwa kwambiri malonda) Troy mosavuta. Monga mukuonera, ichi wokalamba, mwakuwoneka, ndi muyeso kulemera ndi sanaganize kudzipereka pamalo ake izi magalamu m'dera ndi makilogalamu. Mwina chifukwa cha katundu chofunika monga golide, mwachitsanzo, ayenera anayeza monga mfundo yofunika. Inde, ndi kosavuta ingots masekeli magalamu 31, osati odnogrammovye. Ambiri chitsanzo cha ndalama kungakhale kwambiri ndipo amapezeka kuti muyankhe funso ili: "oz - izi ndi mochuluka bwanji ndi galamu ya golide?"

Dongosolo American ya miyeso

Mu United States, ndi lero ndi ntchito kuyeza kulemera kwa mapaundi. Pamodzi ndi iwo, chotero, aunsi. Koma, mobwerezanso, osati chimodzimodzi monga kwina kulikonse.

Averdyupua kapena otchedwa malonda nusu. Agwiritsidwa kwa kugulitsa pa kulemera kwa katundu. Mu dongosolo chinkafunika, mtengo wake ndi wofanana 28,349 ga

US madzimadzi nusu ntchito kuyeza mabuku. Ndi wofanana za 29,537 ml. Pamene kutchula buku phukusi ndi chakudya cha mayiko izo salisiyanitsa 30 Botolo. The English, ndi njira, ali ndi nusu madzimadzi. buku ake ndi 28,413 ml.

miyeso European kulemera

Monga kwambiri wina, aunzi anaitenga ku Roma, kuti pafupifupi anthu a ku Ulaya. Ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu dongosolo chinkafunika. Mwachitsanzo, mu Germany, izo ankaona imodzi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi gawo la malonda mapaundi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mankhwala, amene ali wofanana 1/12 wa apothecary yaing'ono kulemera. Imatha kulemera anali anayeza pokonza mankhwala. Otchedwa sayansi nusu nakhalabe chete. The Germany analanda Russia, ndi dzikoli. Iye kulemedwa 25 35 ga - malinga ndi dziko komwe ntchito. Nthawi zina ntchito lero. Choncho, kugula zina mankhwala yachilendo mankhwala, ndikofunika kudziwa magalamu angati 1 nusu. Ambiri osokoneza sayenera inu kapena dokotala.

ankagwiritsanso ntchito nusu mu Netherlands. Ndipo ngakhale pamene 1820 anasamukira ku dongosolo latsopano, Dutch anali nusu awo akusonyeza ake kulemera magalamu zana.

Musati kwanthawi kumbuyo m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya. Mu Italy, ndi mapaundi anali 12 Roma aunsi, ndi Spain ndi Portugal 16, motero, mu Chikasitilia Libre komanso kumvera.

Mu England munali kale pamwambapa Troy nusu, sayansi ndi malonda. Iwo anali magawo mapaundi ofanana. Koma ngati Troy ndi sayansi - ndi 1/12, malonda anakwana limodzi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi cha nusu ndi.

Ndipo kamodzinso za ndalama. Sicily mpaka 1860 anali m'kupita kwa nusu ndi. Ndi awiri ndi theka ACS, ducats atatu. Ndipo anali ofanana ndi zana ndi makumi awiri atatu lyres Italy nthawi yatsopano.

M'maiko ena

Kuwonjezera America, kumene nusu anagwira mu United States, anapeza ntchito yake mu Africa. Kumpoto kwa Africa lotchedwa ukkiya ake. Mu Algeria, izo chofanana magalamu 34,13, Tunisia - 31,68, mu Egypt - 37,068 ndi 1 nusu ku Tripoli kulemedwa 30,02 ga

pomaliza

Kotero tadziwa wofanana 1 nusu. Ndipo anaonekera mu Roma. Apo izo ntchito kuyeza kulemera osati kokha, anali chizindikiro masamu. Kuchokera kumeneko iye anapita kugonjetsa dziko lapansi. Makamaka nusu mwachidwi, dongosolo chinkafunika mu Europe. Only m'malo limodzi la magawo khumi la 1/12 anaonekera mu Roma. Mwina chifukwa nthano ya. Miyoyo ya anthu ndiye chithunzi khumi wophiphiritsa ndithu.

Kenako nusu molimba mtima anawoloka Europe, kusintha pang'ono, malingana dziko. Ndiyeno m'malo zoposa makilogalamu omasuka ndi magalamu. Koma Troy nusu ndi averdyupua anafika mpaka pano. Mwina chifukwa zoipa zabwino kuiwalika. Pajatu anali woyamba muyezo muyeso kulemera ku Ulaya kuyambika. Ndipo zinthu zambiri analephera kukhala bwino chifukwa chuma chake. Iye wagwiritsa ntchito malonda ndi kukhala muyeso wa phindu pa nthawi katundu - golide.