Ytterbium CHIKWANGWANI laser: chipangizo, mfundo opaleshoni, mphamvu, kupanga ntchito

CHIKWANGWANI lasers ndi yaying'ono ndi cholimba, yolondola, ndi zovuta kuwanditsa anachititsa kutentha. Iwo anabwera osiyanasiyana ndi kukhala kwambiri ndi lasers a mitundu ina ndi ubwino wawo wapadera.

CHIKWANGWANI lasers: opareshoni

Zipangizo za mtundu uwu ndi muyezo kusuntha olimba boma gwero la cheza coherent ku CHIKWANGWANI, osati ndodo ntchito madzimadzi, mbale kapena chimbale. Kuwala kwaiye dopant mu gawo chapakati usasungunuke. Kapangidwe zofunika akhoza osiyanasiyana monga ku zocholoŵana ndithu. Ytterbium CHIKWANGWANI laser zida ngati kuti CHIKWANGWANI ali pamwamba lalikulu chiŵerengero buku, kotero kutentha akhoza zinachititsa ndi mosavuta.

CHIKWANGWANI lasers ndi kupopa optically nthawi zambiri thandizo la lasers diode, koma nthawi zina - magwero chomwecho. Optics ntchito mu kachitidwe aka amakhala akuimira zigawo chamawonedwe, mmene ambiri kapena onse a iwo olumikizidwa kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mu zina, Optics chochuluka, ndipo nthawi zina mkati dongosolo kuwala CHIKWANGWANI ali pamodzi ndi Optics kunja chochuluka.

A diode mpope gwero angakhale diode zosiyanasiyana, kapena kuchuluka kwa diodes munthu, omwe m'pamene kwa cholumikizira CHIKWANGWANI chamawonedwe waveguide. Doped CHIKWANGWANI pa mapeto ali ndi galasi M'mimbamo resonator - kuchita kupanga CHIKWANGWANI Bragg anati grating. Malekezero a Optics zambiri ndi, ngati osati linanena bungwe mtengo alowa china CHIKWANGWANI. Chitsogozo kuwala akhoza anapotoza kuti ngati amalakalaka laser M'mimbamo mwina kutalika mamita angapo.

binuclear

Kapangidwe ulusi ntchito CHIKWANGWANI lasers, n'kofunika. Ambiri ndi Masamu dongosolo wapawiri-pachimake. Undoped akunja pakati (nthawi zina amatchedwanso intima a) amawapopa amatenga kuwala ndipo akutsogolera gulu limodzi usasungunuke. Polimbikitsidwa cheza kwaiye mu CHIKWANGWANI chimadutsa pachimake mkati, chomwe nthawi zambiri ndi mode umodzi. Phata mkati lili ndi ytterbium zowonjezera, analimbikitsa ndi kuwala mpope. Pali mitundu yambiri ya pakati noncircular akunja kuphatikizapo - hexagonal, D zooneka ndi amakona anayi, kuchepetsa Mwina wa angamachite kuwala mtengo uli pachimake chapakati.

CHIKWANGWANI laser atha mapeto kapena mbali ikukoka. M'nthawi ya nkhani kuwala kwa magwero chimodzi kapena zingapo akulowa mapeto CHIKWANGWANI. Pamene kuwala mbali ikukoka umaperekedwa kwa ziboda amene amadyetsa mu pachimake lakunja. Izi isiyana ndi laser ndodo kumene kuwala akulowa perpendicular kwa olamulira a.

Kusankha zinthu zoterozo kumafuna zikuchitika structural. zinthu zimenezi linaperekedwa kwa mwachidule mpope kuwala pakati kutulutsa anthu ndi inversion, zikubweretsa umuna analimbikitsa mu pachimake lamkati. laser pakati mwina amakhala osiyana a amveke mu CHIKWANGWANI kutengera doping, komanso ngati pa m'litali. mfundozi zakonzedwa monga kapangidwe injiniya kwa magawo chofunika.

Mphamvu malire kumachitika, makamaka pamene zikugwira ntchito mu umodzi-mode CHIKWANGWANI. Chonchi pakati ali ochepa mtanda yachigawo malo, ndi chifukwa akudutsa kuwala therethrough mwamphamvu kwambiri. Pamene munthu kukhala yapadera kwambiri sanali liniya Brillouin kubalalika, zomwe zimasokoneza mphamvu linanena bungwe la zikwi zingapo Watts. Ngati linanena bungwe mkulu mokwanira, mapeto CHIKWANGWANI akhoza kuonongeka.

Makamaka CHIKWANGWANI lasers

Ntchito CHIKWANGWANI monga madzimadzi ntchito amapereka wamkulu mogwirizana m'litali, amene amagwira ntchito bwino pamene diode ikukoka. Izi zotsatira Masamu mu dzuwa mkulu kutembenuka kwa photons, komanso odalirika ndi yaying'ono zomangamanga, ndiponso palibe Optics apawokha, zofuna kusintha kapena mayikidwe.

A CHIKWANGWANI laser, zomwe zida amalola kuti azolowere bwino, zikhoza kusinthidwa kwa kuwotcherera mapepala wandiweyani zitsulo ndi kubala nyemba femtosecond. CHIKWANGWANI-chamawonedwe amplifiers kupereka osakwatiwa-chiphaso phindu ndi ntchito kutumiza monga iwo angakhoze azimveka adziwana dzulo ambiri nthawi imodzi. The phindu yemweyo ntchito mu amplifiers mphamvu ndi mbuye oscillator. Mu zina, mkuzamawu akhoza opareshoni ndi yothandizira yoweyula laser.

Chitsanzo china ndi gwero la mowiriza umuna kuchokera CHIKWANGWANI-zolimba, imene umuna analimbikitsa ndi kuponderezedwa. Chitsanzo china ndi Raman CHIKWANGWANI laser pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kupezeka, zayamba kukameta ubweya timaganiza. Iwo wapeza ntchito kafukufuku, kumene kuphatikiza a mbadwo ndi amveke ntchito galasi fluoride koposa muyezo ulusi silika.

Komabe, zambiri, ulusi la galasi silika ndi osowa-lapansi dopant ku pakati. Zina zofunika ndi ytterbium ndi erbium. Ytterbium ali adziwana dzulo kuchokera 1030 mpaka 1080 nm, ndipo mwina zimatulutsa pa osiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito 940 Cha-nm diode mpope kwambiri amachepetsa kuchepekedwa kwa photons. Ytterbium ali kapena zotsatira kudzikonda othetsa, amene ali pa neodymium pa machulukidwe aatali, kotero yotsirizira ntchito lasers chochuluka ndi ytterbium - mu CHIKWANGWANI (iwo onse kupereka za timaganiza mofanana).

Erbium limatulutsa mu osiyanasiyana 1530-1620 nm, ndi bwino kuti maso. pafupipafupi akhoza kawiri kupanga kuwala 780 nm, amene sikukudziwika zina CHIKWANGWANI lasers. Pomaliza, ytterbium akhoza kuwonjezeredwa erbium kotero kuti zinthu adzakhala kuyamwa mpope cheza ndi kupereka mphamvu izi kwa erbium. Thulium - dopant wina kwa umuna ndi pafupi infuraredi dera, amene choncho ndi bwino kuti zithunzi diso.

mkulu Mwachangu

CHIKWANGWANI laser ndi dongosolo quasi-atatu mlingo. mpope photons chimwemwe kusintha kwa boma nthaka wosanjikiza chapamwamba. Laser kusintha ndi ku gawo kunsi kwa mlingo chapamwamba ku umodzi wa kugawanika kuuluka limati. Izi ndi zothandiza kwambiri: mwachitsanzo, ytterbium-940 Cha nm fotoni mpope limatulutsa ndi fotoni ndi timaganiza za 1030 nm, ndipo chirema kwadzidzidzi (imfa mphamvu) Pafupifupi 9%.

Mosiyana, neodymium, amawapopa pa 808 nm wotaya 24% mphamvu. Choncho, ytterbium analandira ali ndi dzuwa mkulu, kuti si zonse ndi kukwaniritsa chifukwa imfa ya ena photons lapansi. Yb mwina kupopa mu angapo magulu pafupipafupi, ndipo erbium - timaganiza za 1480 kapena 980 nm. Pafupipafupi apamwamba si monga mogwira mawu a photons chilema, koma zothandiza, ngakhale mu nkhani iyi, chifukwa pa 980 nm, magwero zabwino kwambiri.

Cacikulu Mwachangu wa laser CHIKWANGWANI chifukwa cha tsatane awiri ndondomeko. Choyamba, ndi dzuwa la mpope diode. magwero michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi cheza coherent zimathandiza kwambiri, ndi 50% Mwachangu akatembenuka ndi chizindikiro magetsi mu kuwala. Zotsatira za maphunziro zasayansi amati n'zotheka kufika phindu 70% kapena zambiri. Ndi enieni machesi linanena bungwe cheza mayamwidwe mzere CHIKWANGWANI laser zimatheka ndi mkulu ikukoka dzuwa.

Kachiwiri, izi kuwala-kuwala kutembenuka dzuwa. Pamene yaing'ono chilema photons akhoza kukwaniritsa digiri yapamwamba ya malemeredwe ndi dzuwa m'zigawo za kuwala, kuwala kwa dzuwa kutembenuka kwa 60-70%. Mwachangu chifukwa ali mu osiyanasiyana 25-35%.

masanjidwe zosiyanasiyana

CHIKWANGWANI kwadzidzidzi mosalekeza yoweyula magudumu akhale wosakwatiwa kapena multimode (yopingasa modes). Singlemode kubala mkulu khalidwe mtengo zipangizo, ntchito kapena kutumiza mtengo mumlengalenga, ndipo multimode mafakitale CHIKWANGWANI lasers akhoza kupanga mphamvu zambiri. Izo ntchito kudula ndi kuwotcherera, ndipo makamaka kwa kutentha mankhwala, kumene lalikulu ndi magetsi.

The yaitali CHIKWANGWANI laser ndi zayamba quasi-mosalekeza zida zambiri millisecond nyemba ikuyambitsa mtundu. Kawirikawiri udindo mkombero ndi 10%. Zimenezi zimathandiza munthu wamphamvu kwambiri pachimake kuposa mode mosalekeza (amangoona kakhumi) kuti ntchito Mwachitsanzo, kwa pobowola pulsed. pafupipafupi kungakhale 500 Hz, malingana ndi nthawi ya.

Q-kusinthitsa mu CHIKWANGWANI lasers komanso amachita monga mwa chochuluka. A lililonse zimachitika nthawi ndi mu osiyanasiyana nanoseconds kuti microseconds. Motalikira usasungunuke, yaitali pamafunika kuti Q-kusinthitsa wa cheza linanena bungwe, chifukwa mu zimachitika yaitali.

CHIKWANGWANI katundu ndi zofooka pa Q kusinthasintha mawu. The nonlinearity wa laser CHIKWANGWANI ndi zofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha yaing'ono mtanda yachigawo m'dera la pakati, kotero kuti mphamvu pachimake ayenera kukhala wochepa. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kaya Q buku masiwichi, yomwe ntchito apamwamba, kapena modulators chamawonedwe, amene chikugwirizana ndi malekezero a mbali.

Q-anazimitsa nyemba akhoza nakweza mu CHIKWANGWANI kapena M'mimbamo resonator. Chitsanzo cha yotsirizira angapezeke mu National ovuta kayeseleledwe mayesero nyukiliya (NIF, Livermore, CA), kumene CHIKWANGWANI laser ndi katswiri oscillator chifukwa 192 milimo. nyemba Small mu slabs lalikulu la galasi doped nakweza kuti megajoules.

Mu CHIKWANGWANI lasers ndi kalunzanitsidwe kubwerezabwereza pafupipafupi zimadalira kutalika kwa ikuthandizira zakuthupi, monga mwanjira ina madera kalunzanitsidwe ndi zimachitika nthawi kumadalira luso la kumapangitsanso matulukidwe. Yachidule ali mu osiyanasiyana FS 50, ndipo ambiri lililonse - mu osiyanasiyana 100 FS.

Pakati ytterbium ndi erbium CHIKWANGWANI, pali kusiyana zofunika, limene iwo ntchito mu modes osiyana kupezeka. Erbium-doped CHIKWANGWANI emitting pa 1550 nm m'dera la kupezeka anomalous. Zimenezi zimathandiza solitons. Itterbievye ulusi ali kupezeka zabwino kapena wabwinobwino; chifukwa, iwo kupanga nyemba ndi liniya pafupipafupi kusinthasintha mawu kulitchula. Chifukwa cha Bragg anati grating izo angafunike compress adzionere kutalika.

Pali njira zingapo kukweza nyemba CHIKWANGWANI-laser, makamaka kwa maphunziro picosecond ultrafast. ulusi Photonic galasi angathe kupanga ndi mitima ochepa zotsatira amphamvu osalunjika, monga supercontinuum m'badwo. Koma timibulu photonic akhoza chopangidwa ndi lalikulu kwambiri osakwatiwa-mode pakati pofuna kupewa zotsatira osalunjika pa mphamvu yapamwamba.

Kusintha photonic galasi CHIKWANGWANI ndi pakati lalikulu analenga ntchito zofuna mphamvu yapamwamba. Imodzi mwa njira ndi dala kupinda wa CHIKWANGWANI kuchotsa chilichonse osafunika apamwamba kuti modes pokhalabe lofunika mode yopingasa. The sanali linearity amalenga harmonics; ndi Kuchotsera pafupipafupi yopindika, inu mukhoza kulenga wamfupi ndi wautali mlengalenga ngati kuwala. Zotsatira osalunjika angathe kubala zimachitika psinjika, imbaenda ku zisa mawonekedwe pafupipafupi.

The supercontinuum gwero monga nyemba kakafupi kutulutsa sipekitiramu mosalekeza kudzera gawo kusinthasintha mawu. Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera koyamba 6 nyemba Sal pa 1050 nm, amene amalenga ytterbium CHIKWANGWANI laser sipekitiramu zopezera osiyanasiyana kuchokera ultraviolet oposa 1600 nm. Chinanso IR-amawapopa erbium-supercontinuum gwero pa timaganiza za 1550 nm.

mkulu mphamvu

Makampani ndi ogula waukulu wa CHIKWANGWANI lasers panopa. Mu ankafuna mkulu pompano amakonda mphamvu ya dongosolo la kilowatts ntchito makampani magalimoto. Makampani magalimoto azisintha pang'onopang'ono yopanga magalimoto mkulu-mphamvu zitsulo kuti akwaniritsa zofunikira za kwake ndipo mosavuta chuma wamkulu mafuta. Zida ochiritsira makina zovuta Mwachitsanzo, nkhonya mabowo mtundu wa zitsulo ndi magwero cheza coherent kophweka.

Kudula zitsulo CHIKWANGWANI laser, poyerekeza ndi zina kwadzidzidzi jenereta angapo ubwino. Mwachitsanzo, pafupi-infuraredi waveband bwino chosakanikirana zitsulo. Mtengo akhoza anapulumutsidwa CHIKWANGWANI, amene amalola Makina mosavuta kusuntha cholinga pamene kudula ndi kuboola.

CHIKWANGWANI kuwala amakwaniritsa zofuna apamwamba mphamvu. Zida US Navy, anayesedwa 2014, imakhala 6-CHIKWANGWANI lasers 5.5-kilowatt amaphatikiza mtengo wina ndi yochokera mwa dongosolo kupanga kuwala. 33 kW wagawo anamugwiritsa ntchito kuti akunde ndi opanda mlengalenga galimoto. Ngakhale mtengo si limodzi-mode, dongosolo ndi chidwi, monga timatha kulenga CHIKWANGWANI laser ndi manja awo kunja kwa muyezo, zosakaniza mosavuta.

The apamwamba mphamvu osakwatiwa-mode coherent kuwala magwero a IPG Photonics ndi 10 kW. Mbuyache oscillator umabala Watt mphamvu kuwala, omwe umaperekedwa kwa mkuzamawu siteji amawapopa pa 1018 nm ndi kuwala kwa lasers ena CHIKWANGWANI. Dongosolo lonse ali ndi kukula kwa refrigerators awiri.

Ntchito CHIKWANGWANI lasers Komanso anapatsa mphamvu kudula mkulu ndi kuwotcherera. Mwachitsanzo, iwo m'malo kukana kuwotcherera zitsulo pepala kuthetsa vuto la mapindikidwe zakuthupi. Mphamvu kulamulira magawo ena amalola enieni kwambiri kudula zokhotakhota, makamaka ngodya.

Amphamvu kwambiri multimode CHIKWANGWANI laser - kudula zitsulo kwa Mlengi yemweyo - mpaka 100 kW. dongosolo zachokera osakaniza mtengo incoherent, kotero si wapamwamba apamwamba mtengo. kukana Izi zimapangitsa CHIKWANGWANI lasers wokongola kwa makampani.

pobowola konkire

Multimode CHIKWANGWANI laser linanena bungwe la 4 kW angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudula ndi kuboola konkire. N'chifukwa chiyani icho? Pamene akatswiri akuyesetsa kukwaniritsa zivomerezi kulimbikira nyumba yanuyo kusamala kwambiri ndi konkire. Pamene anaika mu izo, monga zitsulo zolimba ochiritsira percussion pobowola zikhoza zolakwika ndi kufooketsa konkire, koma CHIKWANGWANI lasers unapangidwa wopanda kuzipera.

Lasers ndi Q-anazimitsa CHIKWANGWANI ntchito chitsanzo cha olemba kapena kupanga michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi zamagetsi. Iwo ntchito finders osiyanasiyana: zigawo ndi kukula kwa dzanja ali maso otetezeka lasers CHIKWANGWANI amene linanena bungwe ndi 4 kW, pafupipafupi 50 kHz ndi zimachitika nthawi ya 5-15 NS.

chithandizo pamwamba

Pali chidwi chachikulu lasers yaing'ono CHIKWANGWANI kwa yaying'ono ndi nanoprocessing. Mukamafinya pamwamba wosanjikiza, ngati zimachitika nthawi ndi lalifupi 35 Sal, palibe chuma kupopera. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe dimples ndi zina zakale osafunika. The nyemba mu ulamuliro femtosecond kubala zotsatira osalunjika kuti simuli tcheru timaganiza ndi madera ozungulira si mkangano, kulola kuti ntchito popanda kuwononga yokulirapo kapena kufooka mwa madera ozungulira. Komanso, mabowo akhoza kudula ndi akuya mkulu m'lifupi - mwachitsanzo, mwamsanga (mkati milliseconds ochepa) mabowo Small 1 mamilimita ntchito zosapanga dzimbiri 800 FS nyemba ndi pafupipafupi 1 MHz.

N'zothekanso kubala pamwamba kuzunzidwa mandala zipangizo, mwachitsanzo, diso la munthu. Kudula khumudwitsidwa pa diso microsurgery, nyemba femtosecond vysokoaperturnym mwamphamvu cholinga mandala pa mfundo pansi pa diso pasanabuke kuwonongeka padziko, koma diso mwa kuwononga zinthu pa akuya ankalamulira. The yosalala pamwamba pa diso, chimene chili chofunika kwa masomphenya silinasinthe. The khumudwitsidwa ndi wosiyana pansi, tsono angathe anakoka zimaonekera mandala excimer laser kupanga. Ntchito zina mankhwala monga opaleshoni osaya malowedwe mu khungu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya kuwala Mgwirizano tomography.

lasers femtosecond

lasers Femtosecond mu sayansi ntchito kusangalatsa laser kusokonezeka kafukufuku wazamawalidwe, kuwala kafukufuku wazamawalidwe ndi chikalata wosakhalitsa, komanso kufufuza ambiri zipangizo. Komanso ali ofunikira kwa kupanga femtosecond pafupipafupi Chisa chofunika metrology ndi maphunziro ambiri. Imodzi mwa ntchito kwenikweni kwa kanthawi kochepa adzakhala mawotchi atomiki ya nthambi GPS mbadwo watsopano, umene ikhale yolondola pamalo.

Single pafupipafupi CHIKWANGWANI laser imagwiridwa ndi linewidth kawalidwe wa zosakwana 1 kHz. chipangizo ichi chidwi ndi yaing'ono mphamvu cheza linanena bungwe 10 MW kuti 1W. Apeza ntchito m'munda wa mauthenga, metrology (mwachitsanzo, mu CHIKWANGWANI gyroscopes) ndi kafukufuku wazamawalidwe.

Kodi yotsatira?

Monga ntchito zina zofufuzira, icho chiri kwambiri a iwo kuphunzira. Mwachitsanzo, kukonza ankhondo, zomwe tingagwiritse ntchito pa zinthu zina, chomwe mu kaphatikizidwe ndi matabwa CHIKWANGWANI-laser kupeza mtengo mkulu ntchito coherent kapena kawalidwe kuphatikiza. Chifukwa, mphamvu kwambiri zimatheka mmodzi-mode mtengo.

Kupanga CHIKWANGWANI lasers ikukula mofulumira, makamaka kwa zosowa magalimoto makampani. Komanso, pali m'malo zipangizo sanali fibrous CHIKWANGWANI. Kuwonjezera patsogolo ambiri mu mtengo ndi ntchito, pali zambiri zothandiza femtosecond lasers ndi magwero supercontinuum. CHIKWANGWANI lasers zatenga niches ndi kukhala gwero la kusintha kwa mitundu ina ya lasers.