Yaikulu magetsi Russia: mndandanda wa mitundu ndi mbali. Geothermal magetsi ku Russia

Russia kuyambira nyengo Soviet akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwa kupanga magetsi zomera matenthedwe mphamvu. Russian zomera mphamvu amwazikira m'mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri mu dziko. Taganizirani amphamvu kwambiri mphamvu m'badwo ndi zizindikiro zawo zapadera. Onani kuti ambiri a nyumba inamangidwa mmbuyo mu 60-80s wa atumwi wotsiriza, koma kwa nthawi, achita m'Mphamvu ziwembu latsopano.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP

Mphamvu imeneyi akutenga malo 7 pakati pa nyumba alipo mu dziko mawu a mphamvu anaika. Sayano-Shushenskaya opangira magetsi mphamvu siteshoni ili pa Yenisei, ndi damu apamwamba mu Russia ndi mmodzi wa apamwamba mu dziko. mphamvu pazipita ndi 13090 mamita ³ / s. Siteshoni mphamvu ya chigawo chino Russian 21 ndi, makina chipinda zikuphatikizapo mayunitsi hayidiroliki 10, ndipo siteshoni gawo - 10 okhazikika Estern, amene anaika penstocks. Damu magetsi kumathandiza kuukitsa madzi mu Yenisei, potero kupanga mgodi. Kamangidwe mphamvu mbewu 6400 MW.

Krasnoyarsk GES

Woyamba magetsi ku Russia zinamangidwa mu 50-60s Mu zaka zapitazo. Choncho, Krasnoyarsk opangira magetsi opangira magetsi anayamba kumanga mu 1955, nayenso Yenisei. malopa amatchedwa mtima a dongosolo mphamvu ku Siberia, monga mmodzi wa ogulitsa mphamvu kutsogolera m'chigawochi. Panopa, Krasnoyarsk opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ndi chimodzi mwa okwerera khumi lalikulu la dziko, mu dziko la zomwe anthu oposa 550. Pomaliza, iye achita m'Mphamvu kumbuyo mu 1972 ndipo kuyambira pamenepo wakhala mosalekeza bwino. Izi opangira magetsi opangira magetsi imakhala zinthu zingapo:

• konkire yokoka damu;
• damu magetsi nyumba;
• yoika phwando ndi kufalitsa mphamvu;
• Amachotsa ndi pododnym njira.

Pa ntchito yomanga wachiwiri mphamvu Russian magetsi panatenga pafupifupi mamiliyoni 6 mamita ³ konkire. Station losiyana mphamvu pazipita 14,000 ^M3 / gawo, ndi mphamvu opangira magetsi a 6000 MW. Krasnoyarskoe damu mosungiramo anapanga chaka cha 2000 Km ^2. The peculiarity wa mphamvu - mu chimakweza yekha mu Russia, zomwe zingamuthandize ndimeyi ngalawa. M'chaka cha 1995 opangira magetsi opangira magetsi siteshoni mphamvu anali ankavala 50%, choncho anaganiza angakwanitse ndipo modernize iwo.

Surgut GRES

Russia yaikulu amagetsi zikukambidwa ndipo Surgut GRES, yomwe ili Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. siteshoni ali anaika mphamvu magetsi a 5597 MW, wogwira ntchito mafuta kugwirizana ndi gasi. yomanga ake anayamba mu 80s, pamene dera la ob pakati pali kuchepa kwa mphamvu. Malinga ndi ntchito chapachiyambi, onse kuikidwa mayunitsi 8 ndi mphamvu ayenera kuunikila Surgut GRES mwa malo amphamvu kwambiri matenthedwe.

Bratsk HPP

Russia yaikulu magetsi ili pa Angara Mtsinje. Bratsk opangira magetsi zomera ndi mbali ya Angara kugwa, anali mtsogoleri wa yopanga magetsi lonse la Europe ndi ku Asia. Chigamulo pa ntchito yomanga siteshoni linapangidwa mu 1954, ndipo anatuma chinachitika mu 1967. Wapadera mabuku ndi chuma madzi khola nyanja ya Baikal ndi amadza Bratsk mosungiramo kuti HPP anayamba mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko chuma dziko.

Pakali pano, Bratsk HPP tichipeza mayunitsi 18, ndi mphamvu opangidwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana. siteshoni imakhala zokambirana angapo, kenako zonse kuonera ndodo ya anthu 300. Popeza Angara palibe kudzera panyanja, ndi matamanda a madzi komanso alibe navigation mipata. Kukhoza anaika wa Bratsk opangira magetsi siteshoni - 4500 MW.

Balakovo NPP

The mndandanda wa zomera Russian mphamvu imene chakudya tochuluka kwambiri magetsi, ndipo ife kulembako Balakovo mphamvu za nyukiliya Mmera wonse, umene ndi mtsogoleri makampani nyukiliya wa dziko. ntchito yolimba zimatheka chifukwa cha kusintha mosalekeza kwa zipangizo. njira kuonjezera kupanga mphamvu anali chinawonjezeka ndi kutukula kapangidwe ka mafuta nyukiliya. Apokwelerapa amagwiritsa mathanki mayunitsi awiri dera mphamvu.

Kursk NPP

Mphamvu ndi maziko a chuma ndipo m'dera Kursk. Ili apa magetsi Russia ndi pakati woyamba okwerera asanu, amene kupanga mphamvu zambiri. magetsi kuti malopa amapereka ambiri a makampani m'chigawochi. Kurskaia siteshoni mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi mtundu umodzi-kuzungulira, amachita ngati coolants mwachizolowezi madzi oyera amene amazungulira mu dera chatsekedwa.

Leningrad NPP

Leningrad nyukiliya siteshoni mphamvu ndi loyamba m'dziko limene lili RBMK-1000. Leningrad NPP tichipeza mayunitsi zinayi, ndi zambiri kutulutsa mphamvu zipita mowa okwana. malopa ndi yaikulu sewerolo mphamvu mu dera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia.

magwero Geothermal kuti athandize dziko

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera mphamvu Russia. Choncho, mphamvu geothermal akuganiza zingamuthandize kwambiri m'mbiri yamakono, kuphatikizapo dziko lathu. Akatswiri amavomereza ndalama kuti kutentha mphamvu dziko lapansi mabuku wokulirapo wa mphamvu mafuta ndi gasi nkhokwe dziko. Geothermal amalima kuti m'pofunika kuti adzamanga pamene pali madera chiphala. Chifukwa olowa ndi madzi madzi chiphalaphalacho intensively usavutike, madzi otentha ndi kugonja pamwamba monga geysers.

Chotero katundu zachilengedwe kulola kumanga ano zomera geothermal mphamvu Russia. Iwo ali mu dziko lathu kwambiri:

1. Pauzhetskaya GeoPP. malopa inamangidwa mu 1966 pafupi phiri Kambalny chifukwa cha kufunika kwa midzi zogona ndi mafakitale pafupi mphamvu. Anaika mphamvu pa nthawi ya chiyambi anali kokha 5 MW mphamvu anali ndiye ziwonjezeke kwa 12 MW.
2. Upper Mutnovskaya woyendetsa geothermal malonda magetsi ili pa Kamchatka Peninsula, ndi unayambitsidwa mu 1999. Amakhala mayunitsi atatu 4 MW. Yomanga zinachitikadi pafupi kuphulika Mutnovsky.
3. Ocean Geothermal magetsi. malopa inamangidwa pa Islands Kuril mu 2006.
4. Mendeleevskaya mphamvu geothermal zomera. malopa inamangidwa kupereka Kutentha ndi magetsi Yuzhno-Kurilsk.

Monga mukuonera, geothermal zomera ulamuliro ankagwira ntchito ku Russia. Yogwira ntchito pa moyo wamakono maofesi a wogwila ikuchitika kuti adzalola zigawo ndi mabizinesi lili miyala chiphala, zofunika kuchuluka kwa mphamvu.

Zotsatirazi patsogolo

Onani kuti chitukuko mphamvu alibe kuima. Choncho, anadziwika kuti Russia, makamaka m'dera Samara, adzakhala anamangidwira mphamvu dzuwa. Akatswiri amanena kuti ntchito iyi idzakhala chodabwitsa kwambiri, osati kwa dera Samara ndi dziko lonse. Anakonza yomanga zomera dzuwa ngakhale pa dera la Stavropol ndi Volgograd. Pankhani maofesi alipo, ndi chidwi chifukwa ndi wamakono yake, adzakhala kupezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ngakhale kutali zigawo Russia.