Golden mphete ya Russia: Kostroma. Mzinda wa Golden mphete ya Russia

Golden mphete ya Russia ndi makumi awiri wakale Russian mizinda, imene ili m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko, mu kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Moscow.

Imene anthu a mizinda ali m'gulu la Golden mphete?

mzinda wa Golden mphete ya Russia ndi Moscow ndi Ivanovo, Vladimir ndi Yaroslavl, Kostroma ndi Tver zigawo. Koma zofunika kwambiri a iwo ankaona kuti midzi itatu. Ena chifukwa kukambirana akatswiri. Mlembi wa Mawu akuti "Golden mphete ya Russia" anakhala wolemba Yuri Bychkov, amene mu 1967 analenga mndandanda wa essays pansi pa mutu wa "Soviet Russia" nyuzipepala.

Mizindayo ndithu kupanga mphete, ndipo aliyense wa iwo anadabwa ndi mbiri yake ndi zipilala wapadera chikhalidwe, amene alibe analogues kulikonse mu dziko.

Aliyense dziko nayo zizindikiro akale, iwo ali mu Russia yathu yaikulu. Ichi ndi mzinda umene unalipo kalelo, ndipo komabe simunataye kununkhira. Mungawerenge zambiri, taganizirani chithunzi, koma ndi bwino kupita pa ulendo anaona Golden mphete ya Russia. Tours njirayi tsopano kupezeka kwa aliyense.

Wina mu gulu m'gulu mizinda Moscow, munthu amakhulupirira kuti magawo ena kuti si woyenera tanthauzo limeneli. Sitizidzakangana za izo. ntchito yathu - kuyambitsa inu (kapena osachepera mwachidule kwambiri) ndi mzinda wakale Russian. Ndani mwa iwo ndi mphete imeneyi zokongola? Mndandanda lidzaonekera izi:

• Suzdal.
• Kostroma.
• Rostov.
• Sergiev Posad.
• Yaroslavl.
• Vladimir.
• Pereslavl.
• Ivanovo.

Izi eyiti anazindikira "golide" a mizinda lalikulu la Russia. Kuwonjezera pa iwo pali anthu angapo amene ndithu zikugwirizanira tanthauzo limeneli. Koma zodabwitsa katswiri zodabwitsa za mbiri Russian ndi chikhalidwe.

Golden mphete ya Russia. Moscow

Kukhululukira akatswiri athu, koma tasankha kuwonjezera mndandanda wa likulu athu akale.

Moscow lili pakati pa Volga ndi Oka. mzinda chimakwirira kudera la 1081 km². Izi yaikulu zoyendera likulu la dziko. Mu likulu, chitukuko cha mitundu yambiri ya mabasi ndi magalimoto, kuphatikizapo okwerera sitima.

The gawo lakale la likulu ali mawonekedwe zozungulira. Phata mbiri ya izo ndi gulu loyimba wa ku Moscow Kremlin, ndi Red Square. Ichi ndi malo okongola kwambiri a mzinda, makamaka kwa Kuuka Chipata.

likulu lathu anakhalabe kwambiri a mtengo wapatali mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe zipilala, omwe amatetezedwa ndi boma. Choncho, likulu woyenera kuimira Russia a Golden mphete. Moscow zasintha wakhala yaikulu European mzindawo, koma apo pali malo omwe kupanga izo inimitable, komwe amapezeka wokondedwa aliyense zipilala Russian mbiri yathu yaikulu.

Kostroma

Tipitiriza kufufuza mzinda, amene amapanga Golden mphete ya Russia.

Kostroma - wokongola Russian mzinda. Yury Dolgoruky alangidwe. Choyamba Kostroma, Tver otchulidwa mbiri mu 1213. Pofika cha m'ma XIII, mzinda uwu inasandulika chilikati cha ukulu palokha, ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIV. kunakhala mbali ya Moscow ukulu. M'zaka za m'ma XV, Kostroma chinaperekedwa ku anawazunza yambiri ya Chitata.

Mu zaka XVI-XVII mu mofulumira osauka zamanja: blacksmithing zikopa, siliva, zosiyanasiyana zamanja nsalu, kupenta ndi zomangamanga. Mu 1751-mamita mu Kostroma nsalu manufactory poyamba.

zowoneka za mzinda

Kostroma ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha malo wosaiwalika. Phunziro awo azitenga nthawi yaitali. Kutetezedwa ndi boma, ambiri kuona mzinda. Kostroma limaoneka ndi zinthu zimenezi, amene ali pansi pa chitetezero cha UNESCO. Today ife kukuuzani ochepa mwaiwo.

Mpingo wa Kuuka mu Grove

Mawu "Debra" inamera moti mdima nkhuni malo. Monga nthano zomwe zilipo, kamodzi apo panali nkhalango oterowo. Zitatero, akalonga ankakonda kusaka.

A chopereka yaikulu kumanga mpingo zimenezi olemera wamalonda Kirill Isakov. Ndi kokha kupulumuka pasad kachisi amene wonyada kwambiri mzinda wa Kostroma. m'mbali mwake atatu chokongoletsedwa makumbi ndi domes ndi mahema. Mkati mwa kachisi zimasungika zojambula VI Zapokrovskogo - Kostroma wotchuka zojambulajambula.

Chipilala Ivan Susanin

Popanda mzinda laulemerero Russian sikutheka kuyerekezera Golden mphete ya Russia. Kostroma amasunga kukumbukira ngwazi ya mtundu wawo.

Ivan Susanin adalemekeza kwawo kuti 1613 anayamba kumuwombera Polish ndi kwaokha dambo nkhalango, potero kupulumutsa moyo wa Tsar Michael, woyamba wa Romanov mafumu. ft wake anali moyo imeneyi mu zipilala za miyala, amene lero waima pa Njira yaikulu ya mzinda.

Ipatiev obisika

Matchalitchi ambiri aang'ono zimadziwika chifukwa ambiri a mzinda m'gulu la Golden mphete ya Russia. Kostroma yotero. Ipatiev obisika inamangidwa mu 1330, izo anamanga Chitata kalonga Chet. Apa anaikidwa Ivan Susanin.

Mpaka pano pa dera la obisika a zinasungidwa nyumba zakale: Nyumba ya Romanovs, zazikulu belu nsanja, imene inamangidwa pa ndalama Godunov, Utatu Cathedral. Mwa mpanda wa agulupa lero lili Kostroma Museum.

Anastasiin obisika

Lero, osati mwathu muno, komanso alendo ambiri achilendo kuphunzira Golden mphete ya Russia. Kostroma nthawi mwansangala asatambira aliyense amene akufuna kuti ayanjane ndi mbiri yake. Mwa zokopa waukulu Kostroma ambiri kuonetsa Anastasiin obisika.

Poyamba anali zitatu ansembe yotchedwa: Woyera Cross, Epiphany mwamuna ndi mkazi Anastasiinsky. Male (Epiphany) obisika linakhazikitsidwa ndi Nikita Mkuluyo, yemwe anali wophunzira wa St. Sergio. Mu 1847, pambuyo moto yaikulu, izo linathetsedwa ndipo umasamutsidwa ku Woyera Cross (mkazi) obisika.

Anastasiin obisika linakhazikitsidwa m'nthawi XV. tate wake anali woyamba mkazi wa Ivan Groznogo Anastasiya Romanovna. Mu 1764, agulupa anali anathetsa, ndi avirigo anasamukira ku Woyera Cross. Today mzinda wa Kostroma atachitidwa ndi kumachita Anastasiin obisika.

Suzdal

Ife inu Suzdal. Golden mphete ya Russia N'zovuta kulingalira popanda mzinda uwu pachiyambi. Boma la Russia pali cha m'ma chakhumi. Malowa ali pamtunda pa Kamenka Mtsinje. Iwo siyanitsa ndi mizinda ina ya anthu yolembedwa ngalande zadothi ndi makoma. Boma la Russia ndi Chambers Bishopu a, Cathedral wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa Virgin, St. Nicholas Church.

Cathedral wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa Virgin waima pa malo a kachisi, amene inamangidwa pa nthawi ya Vladimir Monomakh. mbali m'munsi lili m'zaka za m'ma XIII, ali chokongoletsedwa ndi kusema zabwino. pamakoma ali chokongoletsedwa ndi osiyanasiyana zithunzi. Ambiri kumabweretsa ake obisika wotchuka Suzdal. Golden mphete ya Russia, ena alendo ayamba kuphunzira kwa mzindawu.

Mu XIV atumwi Suzdal anamanga chitetezo adani linga, yomwe kenako n'kukhala obisika Spaso-Efimov. Padziko yomweyo, zomangamanga ndi Pokrovsky ansembe yotchedwa, yomwe zaka ziwiri kenako adzakhala malo a ukapolo akazi manyazi boyars 'ndi mfumukazi. Mu masiku amenewo, inali yaikulu mu Russia.

Wopambana wa Akhristu German, wotchuka Alexander Nevsky, anayambitsa Alexander obisika pa mtsinje Kamenka. Poyambirira pano Rizopolozhensky obisika inamangidwa. malo lodziwika bwino ndi mbiri Suzdal kulikonse. Mwachitsanzo, Basil Suzdal obisika Chikristu.

Vladimir

Mu mzinda uwu mwamtheradi ayenera kupita aliyense amene amaphunzira Golden mphete ya Russia. Vladimir unali likulu la North-West Russia, lomwe linali maziko a tsogolo la Russia.

Mu mzinda yaikulu ya zipilala wapatali kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Golden Chipata liwakhalira UNESCO chitetezo. Iwo inamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XII, zaka mazana XVII-XVIII. iwo adzamangidwenso. Pa malo panali zisanu ndi ziwiri pakhomo zipata, koma kuti anapulumuka imodzi yokha - waukulu. Poyamba anali TACHIMATA pepala gilded mkuwa. amphamvu kwambiri, ndi mwangwiro limagwirizana kufanana, ndi mpingo waung'ono pamwamba. Iwo anali pakhomo waukulu kalonga Vladimir.

Osati chabe mzinda m'gulu la Golden mphete ya Russia. Vladimir amasangalala aliyense ndi woyera-mwala tchalitchi. The zisanu ozungulira Mfundo Cathedral anali frescoes Andreya Rubleva ndi Daniil Cherny, zimene zinalembedwa mu 1408. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XII linamangidwa Demetrius ozungulira tchalitchi, amene amadziwika m'mbale ake kudzikondweretsa pamakoma a. zinthu izi kuteteza ndi UNESCO.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII mumzinda panali Mpingo wa Mfundo za Virgin, St. Nikita, Nikolaya Chudotvortsa ndi ena. Vladimir anakhalabe nyumba bwanamkubwa wa atumwi XVII. Tsopano apa pali Center kwa Wabwino Tirhana.

Pereslavl

Kale, mtsinjewo unali pa Trubezh Pereslavl. Pamene ofufuza Russian chinayamba gawo pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Volga, pali mudzi wina ndi dzina lomweli. Koma chifukwa inamangidwa pa kuwoloka, inamera wandiweyani nkhalango dziko komwe ankakhala vyatichi atambira ndi gawo lachiwiri la dzina - Zaleski. Anayambitsa mzinda imatengedwa Yuriya Dolgorukogo.

Mu 1152, mzinda anayamba kumanga Cathedral wa Chiwalitsiro (a mwala). Atamaliza kumanga Andrew Bogolyubskii - mwana wa Grand Duke. Kunkakhala Kremlin mitengo anapulumuka. Ndipo zaka zoposa zisanu ndi zitatu mmbuyo mwawo moyera-kachisi, mmodzi wa zipilala wamkulu wa Russia wakale. Limasangalatsa alendo onse kumzinda amamanga ake silhouette ukulu ndi changwiro.

Izi tchalitchi okhulupirira msewu wa dziko lathu komanso chifukwa pali Sergiy Radonezhsky anadzozedweratu kuti abbots lapansi. kachisi anapulumuka pa nthawi yovuta ya Chitata ndi Chilituyaniya nkhondo mavuto Nthawi ya Mavuto.

Rostov Veliky

Aliyense angathe kuona okha Golden mphete ya Russia. Tours ulendo uno chidwi kugulitsa pafupifupi onse mabungwe kuyenda la Russia. M'malingaliro athu, ndi bwino kupita pa ulendo ku Moscow. Today kuchotsera apaulendo 53 kuyenda pa mzinda basi Golden mphete. Izi ndi mwayi wawukulu yocheza mlungu m'malo akale. Inu mukhoza kupita ndi ulendo Mipikisano tsiku.

Chabwino, ife tipita ku Rostov, limene lili m'chigawo Yaroslavl. Mu "nthano ya makedzana Zaka", munthu wa mbiri yakale Russian, mzinda uwu wakhala zokhudzana ndi chaka 862. Iwo akunena kuti mzinda mwini wa Rurik.

Akatswiri kuphatikiza mzinda wakale m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko mu Golden mphete ya Russia. Rostov, maganizo awo, ndi "ngale" mu izo. anthu okonda amakedzana kudziwika zipilala kamangidwe ka mzinda lodabwitsa. Loyamba ndilochokera, ndithudi, wotchuka Rostov Kremlin ndi wake Chambers Bishopu, anthu belfry, amene anatchuka chifukwa domes ake khumi ndi zitatu kulemera osiyana. Kwa zaka zoposa zitatu, anthu anamva kulira kwa mabelu.

Rostov Kremlin

Iwo lili mkatikati mwa mzindawo. Boma la Russia inamangidwa 1683 pansi Metropolitan Yona Sysoevich nakhala nyumba yake. Pamene nyengo ya nyumba kale kulembedwa. Kamodzi m'nyumba ya Anam'samutsira Yaroslavl, boma la Russia anataya kufunika ndi lawola. M'zaka za m'ma XIX malonda m'dera kwezani ndalama ndi akachisi limzake.

Pakuti onse amene ali ndi chidwi Golden mphete za Russia, ndi zokonda zake zachilendo n'kofunika kwambiri.

Mu Rostov Kremlin zipilala ambiri kamangidwe kake, koma lofunika kwambiri awa ndi Cathedral wa Akukwera. Iye ndi ofanana kwambiri kwa eponymous Moscow Cathedral wa Akukwera. Izi ndi yaikulu zisanu ozungulira nyumba. msinkhu wake (ndi mtanda) - 60 mamita Linapangidwa wa njerwa, ndi kapu -. mwala woyera. nyumbayi amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri kukongoletsa: zone arkaturno-columnar, yopingasa ndodo .. pomangira, etc. Zonsezi zikupereka maonekedwe a kachisi zachilendo expressivity, bata ndi kukongola kwa lero.

Ivanovo

Patsogolo ulimi wa 1917 mumzinda wotchedwa Ivanovo-Voznesensky. Pali ntchito mafakitale kuluka, omwe adamangidwa mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Ivanovo-Voznesensk weavers otchuka chifukwa maganizo awo chosintha. Choncho, pali zipilala ambiri odzipereka kuti nthawi imeneyi.

Mokwanira akuimira Ivanovo Golden mphete ya Russia. mudzi uli nyumba zakale za nyumba. Mu likulu lake mbiri pali wamalonda nyumba za XIX atumwi. The chidwi kwambiri alendo amachititsa Schudrovskaya hema inamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XVII, komanso Vvedensky obisika, amene Ming'oma chiyambi cha XX atumwi.