Ethylene okusayidi: kupanga ntchito

Ethylene okusayidi - ndi achromatic dziko cloying kuchititsa nseru fungo amatikumbutsa urethane. Mankhwala waukulu oxygen. Ikamauma pa kutentha - 115 ^{° C,} ndi pa kutentha 12 ^{° C} ndi amachepa mu mandala osakaniza makina kukhala aftertaste Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala. thunthu mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi, ethyl mowa ndi zipangizo zina zofunika. Mu kaphatikizidwe ndi oxygenic amakhala zachiwawa.

nkhani za m'mbiri

okusayidi ethylene anapeza mu 1859 ndi French wasayansi, organic sayansi Charles-Adolphe Wurtz. Anakhala woyamba wa anthu amene ankafufuza pawiri pano ndi makhalidwe ake Mkhalidwe, ndi kuyeza mlingo kutentha pa zimene okusayidi ethylene zithupsa. Poyamba, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti okusayidi ethylene, magawo physico-mankhwala ndi makhalidwe, ali kufanana ndi m'munsi organic. Ndi zoona chinakhalapo mpaka 1896, pamene ofufuza ena (Bredig ndi Usov) Sadapezeka ethylene okusayidi si chinthu electrolytic.

Kwa nthawi yaitali wakhala kudziwika njira imodzi yokha ya mwachindunji yopezera ndi okusayidi ethylene ku ethylene yokha. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito asayansi ambiri. Koma mu 1931, compatriot Charles, Himik Teodor Emile Lefort, walenga njira yatsopano kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa ethylene mwachindunji, ntchito enzyme siliva. njira imeneyi, olengedwa mwa zaka za m'ma 20 mochedwa, ndipo ntchito pa mphindi.

Great quadruple yopanga okusayidi ethylene

Wasayansi woyamba amene analenga okusayidi ethylene ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi accelerator siliva anali Emile Lefort. Iye anali setifiketi njira imeneyi mu 1931. A ndondomeko yopangira ethylene okusayidi kusinthidwa mobwerezabwereza nazo ndiponso zosiyanasiyana embodiments kupanga mafakitale.

The kampani choyamba kuti akuyendera njira mafakitale kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni mwachindunji ethylene, kuyambira 1995, ndi kampani UCC (Union Carbide Corporation). Pali ntchito ndondomeko, dzina lake "chammwamba" amene amakhala ndi dzuwa mkulu, likulu ndalama otsika. kampaniyo anakhazikitsidwa mu 1917 ndi Richard Wells. Ethylene okusayidi ndi glycol mbewu ukugwira ndi kubzala patsiku. Kampaniyi anagula setifiketi, lomwe masiku ano cholowa chake ndipo wapeza ntchito kwake kokha pa mabizinezi mwawomwawo, ndipo agwilitse oposa 25% mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi.

The kampani chachiwiri ntchito njira zofanana, koma ikuluikulu kufalikira mu dziko chifukwa cha mtundu wa dongosolo chiphatso, ndi Scientific Design Company, Inc. Popeza 1983, iye ali ntchito zoposa 95, pafupifupi 27% ya mphamvu dziko ndi 80% onse kupanga chiphatso cha okusayidi ethylene. Iwo anakhazikitsa kampani mu 1946.

The kampani chachitatu chimene amagwiritsa njira imeneyi ndi Nkhono Mayiko Mankhwala BV wocheperapo wa Royal Dutch Nkhono kampani, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1907. The njira ya ogwira ntchito iyi ndi yosiyana ndi opanga ena, amaika zofuna kwa kupanga okusayidi ethylene ndi moyo wautali wa desiccant (pa 3 zaka). kampaniyo chimakwirira oposa 45% ya mphamvu dziko kubala.

Wachinayi sewerolo - Japanese kampani Japan othandizira Chemical Co. Limagwiritsa ntchito njira chiphaso ofanana ndi njira Scientific Design, bungwe lokhazikitsidwa ndi zovuta limodzi, kaphatikizidwe yopanga ethylene okusayidi ndi ethylene glycols. Japanese bungweli anakhazikitsidwa mu 1951.

Ethylene okusayidi - waukulu mu mfundo za ulimi wa mankhwala organic makampani mankhwala padziko lonse. Komabe, wochepa ndi zinthu zina, monga ethylene, propylene, Mowa, methanol, benzene, vinilu enaake, styrene, toluene, T. D. The yopanga okusayidi ethylene zonse ndi kukhala yokha kufunika polyethylene ndi 14 zokha%. mchitidwe uwu ntchito yopanga polyethylene glycol, polyethylene okusayidi copolymers ndi okusayidi polypropylene, zimaonekera yogwira lembani mafuta demulsifiers fumigants.

Transport zinthu

Ndondomeko ophimba kumachitika mwa muli, mabotolo ndi akasinja. okusayidi ethylene amasungidwa akasinja mpaka zikwi zitatu. ^M3 pa kutentha madigiri 15-20 Celsius, pansi pa mavuto 7-19 kgf / masentimita ^2. Ethylene okusayidi ndi chinthu poizoni amene ali akutivutitsa, zoledzeretsa ndi katundu poizoni ndithu. Ndi chomasuka kukhala mpweya likulowerera kudzera zovala ndi nsapato, kuchititsa lakuthwa ayankhe matupi awo sagwirizana ndi pokhudzana ndi diso mucosa - amayaka.

Zizindikiro za poyizoni ndi ethylene

Ethylene ntchito ambiri kupanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kukongola, umoyo kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, izo anawonjezera kuti:

• vanishi;
• kujambula;
• solvents;
• zoletsa kuwuma;
• sopo ndi detergents;
• mafuta onunkhira komanso zodzikongoletsera;
• mankhwala ndi zina zambiri.

Ethylene okusayidi yolera yotseketsa kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu kwa disinfection wa mtundu mpweya. Takumana ndi mankhwala poizoni tsiku ndi tsiku. Amayambira Pe kugwirizana ndi poyizoni wa okusayidi ethylene. Taganizirani zizindikiro za njira poizoni ndi mankhwala.

Kuledzela ethylene okusayidi

Zizindikiro za kuledzera pachimake ndi:

• mutu kapena chizungulire;
• wokoma kukoma pakamwa;
• kunyansidwa ndi kusanza;
• redness a nkhope;
• ambiri kufooka;
• osasamba kugunda;
• ziwalo za minofu nkhope;
• ofooka zimene ana kuwala;
• kupweteka;
• chiwindi kukulitsa ndi kusokoneza ntchito zake.

Galeta poyizoni

Matenda poyizoni ndi zizindikiro amenewa:

• madandaulo zonse kasitomala wa mutu;
• olowa ululu;
• mavuto ndi kapepala kakuti m'mimba;
• kugwedeza zala atatambasula manja patsogolo;
• thukuta ndipo glaciation miyendo;
• ndichepe mu tilinazo, etc.

Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi pamwamba khungu zimayambitsa dermatitis ndi zilonda ndi limodzi ndi malungo ndi leukocytes magazi.

Thandizo loyamba kwa munthu wovulalayo. chithandizo

Ngati wodwalayo mosasamala kuti amuchotse ndekha diso zikutanthauza pamaziko a ethylene, ayenera kukhala bwinobwino ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali kusamba maso ndi madzi oyera, ndiye dokotala.

Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi khungu mwachangu zofunika kuyeretsa pamwamba ndi swab thonje choviikidwa mowa. Pambuyo, nadzatsuka ndi dera lomwe linakhudzidwa ndi sopo ndi madzi ndi kuchitira ndi lanolin.

Zikavuta kwambiri odwala poyizoni ayenera:

• mpweya wabwino;
• mtendere ndi kutentha;
• mpweya inhalation;
• Mavitamini B1, B6, B12, ndi calcium;
• wolemera madzi a mchere;
• dropper zochokera shuga ndi asidi ascorbic;
• tiyi kapena khofi ndi kordiamin.

Yolera yotseketsa ntchito ethylene okusayidi

Ethylene okusayidi chotchuka kwambiri ngati wothandizira sterilizing. Nthawi yoyamba ethylene okusayidi mpweya monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda anayamba ntchito mu makumi anai Mu zaka zapitazo. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwala chidali gasi monga mtundu, ndi bwino mu CD zipangizo zachipatala ndi kupha tizilombo. Njira imeneyi ankagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira ina, amene anali tcheru kutentha, chinyezi ndi kawopsedwe. Popeza ethylene okusayidi amatanthauza gasi wakupha, yolera yotseketsa ikuchitika m'zipinda womata.

Izi njira disinfection imatengedwa zabwino njira zonse kudziwika. Processing zipangizo njira imeneyi imakhala njira zitatuzi:

1. Choyamba zida lakonzedwa ndi mpweya, kusintha kutentha ndi chinyezi.
2. phukusi ladzala ndi mpweya ethylene okusayidi ndi kuyembekezera nthawi zida zamankhwala akhala chosawilitsidwa.
3. Muzicheza degassing kuchotsa ma CD akhala mpweya zikuwononga.

Hydration wa okusayidi ethylene

ethylene okusayidi wapeza ntchito makamaka kumanga glycols zosiyanasiyana ethylene. Hydration wa okusayidi ethylene m'chigawo madzi ikuchitika kapena pamaso pa catalysts asidi pa kutentha madigiri 50-100 + kapena kupanikizidwa popanda accelerator pa ^kutentha 200 C. Nthawi zambiri ntchito njira yachiwiri kutsatira kuthamanga, monga ena zidulo katundu kenako kuyeretsa analandira mankhwala, ndipo m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina za kuyeretsa.

Pambuyo hydration wa ethylene glycol ali - losavuta diatomic mowa. Kugwirizana akufanana batala. Ethylene glycol ndi odorless, colorless, ali ndi zokoma kukoma. Kodi chinthu poizoni amene ntchito detergents. Ena mwa anthu kungofuna ntchito m'malo mowa, imbaenda ku imfa.

Kuwonjezera chakuti ethylene glycol ntchito kupereka detergents, monga akulowa kapangidwe ndi mankhwala ena:

• antistatic wothandizila;
• polishes;
• amatanthauza ku icing ndi;
• anawonjezera kuti dongosolo yozizira makompyuta ndi magalimoto;
• mu pang'ono ntchito creams nsapato;
• ntchito kupanga mabomba.

Mmene ethylene glycol pa thupi

Ethylene glycol kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito malo processing kapena nyumba ndi dera lalikulu, chifukwa cha ntchito njira anafuna kutsuka inhalation ya nthunzi amapezeka. Mwa kugwiritsa kusasamalira mankhwala kuti alowe mu pakamwa panu, koma zimenezi si zokwanira poyizoni wa. N'zosavuta poizoni anthu amene tikukhumba utumiki zambiri kuthana ndi zinthu zomwe zili ethylene glycol. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo madalaivala ndi antchito a zomera mankhwala.

Zizindikiro za poyizoni

1. Nthawi koyamba imatenga maola 12 ndipo anamuonetsa pang'ono kuledzera munthu. Nthawi zina akuwonetseredwa mutu, nseru, kusanza likukulira, kufooka wofatsa. kuwala lokoma kununkhira angafike ichi kwa munthu. Koma ambiri, boma yachibadwa thanzi.
2. Khumi ndi mawola kungoganiza bwino akuona kuti pali kuyenda mu danga la thupi lanu, mutu, nseru, ndi kuphwanya ndi sodium-kashiamu kuwombola, kusanza. Pamimba ndi minofu lumbar anayamba zikuchepa kubaya.
3. pang'ono Patatha okha kusonyeza zizindikiro za CNS kuwonongeka: imfa ya chikumbumtima, malungo, omangana.
4. kulephera aimpso akufotokozera pa tsiku lachisanu, edema m'mapapo mwanga, ntchito mtima wasweka ndi kuchepetsedwa magazi.
5. Imfa amapezeka mkati mwa sabata chifukwa chakuti mtima, edema m'mapapo mwanga, ndi mavuto mu impso ndi chiwindi.

Easy poyizoni limapezeka pambuyo wina akapuma utsi, ndipo amakhala ndi chizungulire, kunyansidwa komanso kufooka. Kupulumutsa woberedwa, muyenera kupita kuchipatala pamaso iwo kumwalira maola 12 pambuyo poizoni.