Kundera, Milan (Milan Kundera). Kundera Milan "The mumamva lightness cha Umunthu"

Kundera, Milan - wotchuka Czech wolemba. Iye anayamba ntchito yake ndi ndakatulo, anapeza maitanidwe ake prose.

ntchito Early

Kundera anabadwa mu mzinda Czech wa Brno. bambo ake anali rector wa yunivesite ndi katswiri bwino nyimbo. Sukulu ya wolemba m'tsogolo maphunziro mu 1948. Pophunzira lake, iye analemba ndakatulo, anayesa cholembera. Koma, oddly mokwanira, pambuyo chinafalikira mphamvu ya Philosophy, kumene zimayesetsa musicology. Ataphunzira chaka chimodzi, anasamutsa ku Dipatimenti ya mafilimu, komwe kenako ntchito ndi Kundera. Milan nthawi zonse wakhala ubale wolemera ndi zovuta ndi ndale. Monga mphunzitsi wa dipatimenti ndi membala wa mabungwe ndi mkonzi wa magazini awiri zolembalemba, iye anachotsedwa mu Party Communist maganizo individualistic ndi ntchito odana ndi chipani. Koma posakhalitsa anabwezeretsedwa.

Woyamba lofalitsidwa ntchito anaonekera mu 1953. Kudziwika akudza kwa iye pambuyo amasulidwe magulu ndakatulo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Milan Kundera, amene mabuku pang'onopang'ono kupeza kutchuka, ndi mbali pa masewero ndi essays. kupambana Izi ndi lanyimbo lalifupi "Mula Chikondi".

Woyamba buku wolemba

Maganizo andale a wolemba zimaonekera buku lake loyamba "nthabwala". Milan Kundera Anamuuza za Stalinism, sanagwirizane zodabwitsazi. Pakuti 1967 bukhu linali apakhungu ndithu. Buku wakhala akumasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayamba kufala. Ndi kuwala zosaneneka Kundera Milan limafotokoza nkhani ya chisauko anthu wothira mwano wa dongosolo la ndale. Organically nsalu mu nsalu ya mutu buku la nthabwala ndi masewera. Lyudovik Yan - buku - nthabwala osauka, nthabwala chingasinthe miyoyo. Kundera amabweretsa nkhani yake kwa absurdity lapansi. Buku amayang'ana wokongola yowawitsa ndi imvi, koma ndi nyonga.

Kundera, Milan: "The mumamva lightness cha Umunthu"

Amazipanga kwambiri zili Kundera a buku. Mwina wotchuka kwambiri ndi amalemekezabe buku wolemba. , Iye amafuna kuti tanthauzo la ufulu nthanthi wa munthu, chimwemwe. Wolemba kachiwiri amatenga chithunzi inasintha mbiri ya poyesa ndi tsoka ubale miyambo ya anthu wamba. Ena owerenga ndi maganizo ntchito iyi: n'zosatheka kanthu kakang'ono. Buku mwadzaza sizopeka wolemba, mfundo zake ndi MPATUKO. Komabe, ife timayenera chidwi cha mankhwala. Mu buku, ndi storylines awiri. The amachita poyamba ndi tsoka la Theresa ndi Thomas, ndipo chachiwiri - Sabina ndi Franz. Amakhala, ngati zikuoneka pa koyamba, moyo ambiri. Chikondi, kuphwanyika, kuchita zinthu akatswiri. Komabe, mu 1968 pali ngati zimenezi ndale kuti kusintha zonse. Tsopano, amakhalabe ndi omasuka zitha kukhala amene amakonda Soviet boma. Monga amadziwika, mu 1968 mu mzinda Czech kudutsa akasinja Soviet. Anayamba Zionetsero zochita misa limene nawo Kundera. Milan chifukwa anakana kuphunzitsa. Tikuyenera analibe ufulu, kuthamanga wafala wolemba buku. Buku m'zinenero zambiri ndi kupangidwa mwa filimu.

Zochita za ena mabuku

Mmodzi wa mabuku chidwi kwambiri kuti analemba Milan Kundera - "The Tsalani Waltz". N'zotheka kuonetsetsa zilembo zazikulu zisanu ndi ziwiri. Awa ndi amuna ndi akazi wamba, kukhazikitsa onse tsogolo lawo - sizikumveka. Lolembedwa ndi ena sangaganize masamu kasakaniza ndi zimasakanikirana otchulidwa, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa iwo wina ndi mnzake. Buku ladzala ndi chilakolako, intrigue, maganizo. Iwo akhoza limanenedwa ngati buku maganizo ndi zowawa za wachifwamba (ndi ofufuza) polemba chinenero ndi sewero.

aluntha prose mwaluso - buku adamlenga Milan Kundera - "chosafa" (1990). Bukuli inamangidwa ngati tcheni magulu omwe anatuluka pambuyo limodzi heroine manja. Mwa njira, ichi ndi buku lomaliza linalembedwa ndi Kundera chinenero Czech. Mu French zinalembedwa mabuku monga "kusakwiya", "lodalirika". Buku "kusakwiya" ndi nkhani logwirizana lomwe n'kovuta kupeza mutu umodzi (chifukwa pali ambiri). A buku za mmene anthu amakonda kukwaniritsa chinachake, mosazindikira chakuti yekha chofuna mokhudza za cholinga, koma si mapeto palokha. Pali iye kuzindikira za amajambulapo maluwa okongola ludzu kuwunika. Roma "lodalirika" amatsegula wowerenga wosatha ndikuyenda wa mawunikidwe ndi mukufunira, kumene kuli kovuta kumvetsa zimene kwenikweni kungoganiza ndi chiyani chenicheni. Ntchito imeneyi ikusintha ndi mitu ya ubwenzi, kukumbukira kukumbukira.

moyo Komanso wolemba

Monga taonera, pambuyo ntchito ya Czechoslovakia ndi asilikali a Soviet Kundera anali asalandidwe malo ku yunivesite. Iye anapitiriza ntchito mabuku ake, koma ntchito yake idali lofalitsidwa. Zonse anaziika ndi kuvutitsidwa anakakamizika iye kuti achoke m'dzikolo. Ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri wolemba amakhala ena sakhulupirira za Russian (kotero iye anati Kundera). Milan amapita ku France. Iye ali nawo moyo pamenepo kuyambira 1975. Mu 1981 iye anadzakhala nzika zonse za dziko lino. Kwa nthawi yaitali analemba mabuku ake m'chilankhulo chawo, ndi essays ndi nkhani - mu French. Mu kuyankhulana ndi Kundera ananena kuti, mosiyana ndi ena olemba - ukapolo - iye samva wosiyana nthaka kwawo, choncho angathe kuchita pa mphamvu zonse.

Kundera Milan za mabuku

Ngati aliyense wolemba, Milan Kundera ndi kukolezera odzipereka mabuku. Malinga ndi wolemba, ndi chikoka chachikulu chimene iye anali pa ntchito za ambuye kwambiri mawu monga Fransua Rable ndi Deni Didro. Mu ntchito za alembi amenewa Kundera amakopeka masewera, Izitu n'zovutitsa, "ufulu kusanduka buku la." Kumene, zilibe manyazi Kundera ndi compatriot wake - Frantsa Kafku. Iwo moyenerera akuitana chizindikiro cha chi. Kusowa chikhulupiriro m'kati, anakhumudwa, ndi zabodza chikhalidwe cha patsogolo pa anthu, ndi Izitu n'zovutitsa - ndicho chimene ooneka mabuku Kundera wa Kafka.

Mu mabuku Russian, wolemba makamaka limatsindika zilandiridwenso wa Ln Tolstoy. Malinga ndi iye, Tolstoy chipambano kuposa olemba ena kugwila modernity akuti- nthawi yakutiyakuti. The wapadera phindu Tolstoy - polenga ndi monologue mkati. Milan Kundera amakhulupirira kuti Tolstoy anali wotsogolera wa zolembalemba "mtsinje wa chikumbu mtima", anayamba zina mwa ntchito za Joyce ndi ena analemba amakono ndi postmodernists.

Wotchuka mawu wolemba

Kwambiri nzeru zaumunthu, wolemba aluntha a buku akhoza kwenikweni "kudula" chifukwa amagwira a. Komabe, pali mawu ena a wolemba, sali m'gulu ntchito zake.

"Ine ndimadana nawo ndale, ngakhale ndale ooneka ine modzionetsera, anthu." okhudzika anapangidwa ndi mlembi za chisankho mu France ndi za kuchoka kwake kwa dziko. N'zoona kuti mfundo Kundera - pamenepa pamaso zomvetsa chisoni.

"Moyo, pamene iwe sungakhoze kubisala kwa maso a ena - ichi ndi Jahannama." Mu ntchito mawu anaika onse: ndipo mtima wake kwa boma lopondereza ndi maganizo ndi ulemerero wake. Milan kamodzi ananena kuti ankafuna kukhala wosaoneka. Wolemba sanayambe amamatira, ndipo sanali lengezani moyo zanga.

"Umunthu oona a anthu kumaonekera mtima wake achikulire." Malinga ndi wolemba, si koyenera kuti uweruze anthu yekha ndi ubale wake ndi ana. Ndipotu woona m'tsogolo - ndi okalamba.