Nsomba uek (capelin): kufotokozera, malo, zofunikira zachuma

Lero tikambirana za uk fish. Timaphunzira zonse za nsomba, za momwe zimakhalira, momwe zimabwerera komanso zomwe zimakhala nazo. Zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza capelin, werengani m'nkhaniyi pansipa.

Zakudya za nsomba zakhala zikudziwika kwambiri. Ngati mutha kukonzekera bwino nsomba, simungakhoze kokha chokoma, komanso ndibwino kudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba nthawi zonse kumakhudza kwambiri moyo waumunthu. Ndikofunika kuti nsomba zikhale bwino, komanso momwe zimakhalira. Ngati zinthu zonse zatha, mukhoza kudya nsomba nthawi zonse.

Kodi "capelin" amatanthauzanji?

Mawu akuti "capelin" ali ndi mizu yakale kwambiri. Amachokera ku zilankhulo za gulu la Karelian-la Finnish. Mawu ofanana mu zilankhulo za Finnish ndi Karelian amatanthawuza nsomba yaing'ono, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo pamene ikugwira khodi. Komabe, nsomba za capelin zimakhalanso ndi dzina lachitatu - nsomba ya nsomba.

Malongososo a nsomba

Nyanja ya Ray ray imakhala ndi maina atatu, monga ife tawamvera kale. Capelin ndi nsomba yowonongeka. Icho ndi cha banja la smelt.

Ali ndi thupi lopangika, lomwe limakhala pambali. Kutalika, kumatha kufika pa masentimita 15 mpaka 25, ndi kulemera - mpaka 54 g. Masikelo onse m'thupi ndi ofanana kukula: omwe ali pambali mwa mimba komanso pamzere wotsatira ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa omwe akuphimba kumbuyo. Mutu wa nsomba ndi wochepa kwambiri, koma uli ndi chilema chachikulu. Mafupa a nsagwada amatha kufika pakati pa maso. Koma mano, pali zambiri, ndizochepa ndipo zimapangidwa bwino.

Mbali ya nsomba imatengedwa ngati mapepala ndi malire akuda. Mapiko a pectoral ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, pamene mapiko oyenda pansi amatsitsimula kwambiri. Mbali ndi mimba ya nsomba za capelin ndizitsulo ndi kutuluka koyera, ndipo kumbuyo kumakhala kobiriwira.

Kusiyana pakati pa akazi ndi amuna

Nsomba zili ndi mbali, yomwe ndi kusiyana pakati pa akazi ndi abambo, omwe amawonekeratu. Mwamuna wamphongo amakhala ndi mapiko ambiri, thupi lake limakhala lalikulu kwambiri kuposa thupi la mkazi, ndipo mutu uli ndi zovuta kwambiri. Pa nthawi yobereka pambali ya mimba, amunawo ali ndi tsitsi lofanana ndi mamba omwe amapanga pamwamba. Mtengo wochuluka wa nsomba sizoposa zaka khumi.

Zosiyanasiyana

Nsomba yotchedwa fish capelin ndi yofanana. Ofufuza ena, pofuna kuwerengetsa ndalama zochepa, anagawa magawo awiri a subspecies malinga ndi mfundo za malo okhala. Kwa lero, kusiyanitsa pakati pa Pacific ndi Atlantic capelin.

Kodi ndingapeze kuti?

Nsomba yaying'ono imasankha madzi amchere. Amakhala pamtunda wa mamita 300. Nthawi zina zimatha kufika mamita 700. Mng'oma wa smelt sudzasambira m'madzi kapena mitsinje. Malo abwino kwambiri a nsomba ndi madzi a m'nyanja. Pokhapokha pokhapokha nsomba zimabwera kumphepete mwa nyanja.

Nyanja yotchedwa Atlantic capelin ingapezeke m'nyanja ya Arctic ndi Atlantic. Amapezanso ku Labrador ndi Davis Strait, pafupi ndi gombe la Greenland, m'madzi a Chukchi, White, Kara, Barents ndi Laptev.

Pacific capelin imakhala kumpoto kwa nyanja, yomwe ili pachilumba cha Vancouver ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Korea. Nkhosa zambiri za nsomba zing'onozing'onozi zimapezeka m'madzi a ku Japan, Bering ndi Okhotsk.

Mphamvu

Monga tanenera kale, nsomba za uk ndi nyama. Chakudya chake chimakhala ndi mphutsi za shrimp, zooplankton ndi nsomba roe. Komanso capelin imadyetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mphutsi za m'nyanja. Chifukwa uek ndi nsomba yogwira ntchito, imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Ndichifukwa chake ngakhale mu miyezi yozizira, capelin imasiya kudya.

Kupanga

Choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kubzala nsomba iyi kumadalira malo omwe amakhalamo. Capelin, yomwe imakhala kumadzulo akumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Pacific ndi Atlantic, imafera m'nyengo yam'masika ndi chilimwe. Capelin, yomwe ili kummawa kwa Atlantic, ikupitirizabe ntchitoyi. Nsomba, kukhala m'madzi akummawa a Pacific Ocean, imayambitsa nyengo yonse yophukira.

Musanapite kumalo osungiramo malo, ziweto zing'onozing'ono zimasonkhanitsa nsapato zokwana mamiliyoni ambiri. Zilombo zina zomwe zimadyetsa capelin zimayesedwa ndi nyama yotere ndikuyitsata. Moyve ayenera kupewa ziphuphu, zisindikizo, nyanga ndi cod. Nthaŵi zambiri, pamene nsombazi zimayambira pamphepete mwa nyanja, zimatayidwa kunja ndi mamiliyoni.

Kodi malo otchedwa capelin amasankha kubzala? Kawirikawiri izi ndi malo akuluakulu, omwe ali ndi kuya kozama komanso pansi pa mchenga. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti masukulu ena a nsomba amakonda kukwera kwambiri, kufika mamita makumi awiri. Kuti njirayi ipambane, kutentha kwa madzi kukhale pafupifupi 2-3 ° C. Oxygen ndi ofunika kwambiri. Kwa feteleza ya amayi amodzi, amuna awiri amafunika, omwe amawunikira kumbali iliyonse. Mothandizidwa ndi mchira, abambo amapanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono pansi, momwe amai amaika mazira. Mazira ndi okonzeka kwambiri, motero amavutikira mosavuta pansi. Mimba mwake imafikira 0.5-1.2 mm. Chiwerengero cha mazira akudikira chimadalira malo. Nambala iyi ikhonza kusinthasintha m'mipiringi yopenga: kuyambira 5 mpaka 39,000 zidutswa. Pambuyo poponya caviar, nsomba zimabwerera ku malo ake okhalamo. Anthu ena amapita kukabzala, koma nthawi zambiri amafa, kubwerera.

Pafupifupi tsiku la 28 pambuyo pa feteleza, mphutsi imawoneka, yomwe nthawiyi imakhala 5-7 mm. Kuthamanga kwa iwo nthawi yomweyo kumapita kunyanja, kumene pang'onopang'ono pamakhala anthu akulu kapena kufa, kukhala chakudya cha odyera ena. Atsikana amayamba kukondana chaka chotsatira, koma amuna amatha kusamba pokhapokha patapita miyezi 13-15.

Zothandiza

Kugwira capelin kumagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chakuti ndilo chakudya cholandiridwa pa tebulo lililonse. Nsomba zimagwidwa nthawi zambiri m'magazi akuluakulu, omwe amatha kufika pa 0,5 miliyoni pachaka. Sikuti amangokhala kukoma kwa nsomba iyi, ngakhale kuti ndikofunikira. Mtengo wake wamtengo wapatali wamakono umayamikiridwa kwambiri, womwe umapangitsa kuti apange zakudya zambiri zakudya. Cocktail imapangidwa ndi mapuloteni osavuta. Nsomba zawo zili pafupifupi 23%. Kuonjezerapo, popeza pali zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito nsomba, zimakonzedwa mwamsanga.

Komabe, sikuti capelin imeneyo ndi zakudya zokoma komanso zokoma. Zina mwa zinthu, zidakali zothandiza kwambiri. Nsombazi zili ndi mafuta a polyunsaturated mafuta. Amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri cholesterol, chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa pamakoma a mitsempha. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa capelin kwa chakudya kumakhala ngati njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira odwala, matenda a mtima ndi ischemic.

Mnofu wa nsomba iyi uli ndi mavitamini A, D, B, omwe ndi ofunika kuti thupi la munthu lichite bwino. Komanso, nsombayi imakhala ndi mchere wambiri: sodium, potaziyamu, phosphorous, zomwe ndizofunika kuti tipewe matenda a dementia komanso kusintha kwa malingaliro a anthu, ndi ayodini, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri kutentha kwa chithokomiro.

Capelin ndizosavuta kupanga mankhwala omwe amawunikira kupanga shuga m'magazi ndipo amathandizira kuchepetsa malire ake. Monga momwe mukuonera, nsomba ndi zosakanikirana ndi anthu odwala matenda a shuga, kuchepa ndi anthu omwe amayang'ana thanzi lawo.

Pankhaniyi, nsomba zili ndi zotsutsana. Sitiyenera kudyedwa ndi omwe ali ndi tsankho. Sikoyenera kuti adye nsomba mowonjezereka kwambiri, chifukwa zam'mimba zomwe zimapezeka m'mitengoyi zingathandize kuti chitukuko chisawonongeke. Ngakhalenso pogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, ziŵerengero zambiri zimatha kukhala mu nsomba, zomwe zingathenso kumayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana.

Kufunika kwachuma

Nsomba za m'mphepete mwa Sakhalin ndizofunikira kwambiri zachuma. Choyamba, tiyenera kunena kuti iyi ndi nsomba zamalonda. Malo ake okhala mu chilengedwe ndi abwino, kotero kuti zaka zomwezo zinapitirira matani 4 miliyoni. Kuchokera mu 2005 mpaka 2009, nsombazi zinasinthasintha mkati mwa matani 270-750,000. Mu 2012, chigwirizano cha padziko lonse cha ukachi chinapitirira matani 1 miliyoni. Nsomba yaikulu kwambiri imagwidwa mu nsomba zamalonda. Thupi lake limatha kufika 20 cm m'litali.

Zosangalatsa

Chaka chilichonse mumzinda wa Russia wa Murmansk umachita phwando pofuna kulemekeza nsomba iyi. Chikondwererocho chimachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March. Panthawi ino pamapikisano a mumzinda mungayese zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku capelin ndikuzigula zambiri pa mtengo wokongola kwambiri.

Anthu okhala ku Canada kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe sayenera kupita ku msika kapena ku masitolo kuti akawapatse okondedwa awo ndi chakudya chokoma kuchokera ku capelin. Zokwanira kuti mupite kunyanja ndikusonkhanitsa nsomba zambiri momwe mukufunira.

Kola Peninsula imatchuka chifukwa cha mbalame zambiri zomwe zimakhalapo. Zimatheka chifukwa chakuti pafupi ndi gombe pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha capelin, chomwe chimayambira monga chakudya cha nthenga za nkhono za peninsula.

Kufotokozera mwachidule nkhani ya capelin, ndikufuna kunena kuti nsomba iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la zakudya kwa onse okonda mbale za nsomba. Simungathe kukana zinthu zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti nthawi zonse azidya nsomba wopempherera nsomba mu chakudya kuti ateteze kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pankhaniyi, kugwiritsira ntchito capelin nthawi zambiri kungabweretse mavuto. Monga mu chirichonse, kulingalira kumafunikira apa. Ngati mumakonda kwambiri nsomba iyi ndipo simukufuna kuigwiritsa ntchito, yigulani okha kwa ogulitsa odalirika komanso atsopano. Kusuta fodya kuchokera ku sitolo yapafupi si chinthu chomwe chingabweretse phindu kulikonse kwa thupi.