Kola Peninsula mbiri. The mtsinje ndi mzinda wa Kola Peninsula

chilumba ili mu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Chitaganya cha Russia, ndi mbali ya m'dera Murmansk. Kuchokera kumpoto kusamba Nyanja Barents, ndi kum'mawa, ndi kum'mwera - White. Kumadzulo malire a pachilumbachi - ndi meridional beseni, kuyambira ku wa Kola Bay m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Kola kuti Kandalaksha Bay.

Malo - 100 zikwi makilomita lalikulu, gombe kumpoto kwa phompho ndi lalitali, kum'mwera - mosabisa ndi otsika kunama, kuphwa. Mu kumadzulo kwa chilumba cha zili mitandadza - Khibiny ndi Lovozero Massif. Pa malo ake ukufika lokwera Keivy.

malo Hrs

The Kola Peninsula chimakwirira peresenti makumi asanu ndi awiri a m'dera Murmansk. Iwo lili kumpoto kwa Russia. Pafupifupi onse m'gawo lake ndi mu Arctic Circle.

nyengo

The Kola Peninsula lili ndi nyengo yosiyanasiyana. Ofunda North Antlanticheskoe pa umafunda izo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa. Apa nyengo wofatsa subarctic m'madzi. Cha kum'mawa, pakati ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa dera la kukula chokhala - apa nyengo yozizira mwapang'ono. Wapakati January kutentha ranges ku -10 ° C mu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa -18 ° C pakati. Mu July, mpweya ndi usavutike ku +8 ° C kwa +10 ° C.

Kwathunthu chisanu chivundikiro ali mu masiku oyamba a October ndipo akupita mpaka mapeto a May (m'mapiri, mnjira anachedwa mpaka m'ma June). frosts pafupipafupi ndipo kunagwa chipale chofewa m'chilimwe. Pa gombe nthawi zambiri mphepo yamphamvu (mpaka 55 m / s), m'nyengo yozizira achezera Mkuntho - chodabwitsa wamba.

Mpumulo ndi chikhalidwe

Kola Peninsula - bwalo ndi zigwa, zitunda zathyathyathya ndi mapiri. Magulu nyamuka chilumba pamwamba pa nyanja ndi mamita oposa mazana asanu ndi atatu. Zithaphwi ndi nyanja zambiri ndi zigwa.

Amatunga wolemera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba - ndi paliey nsomba, mumapezeka nsomba ndi whitefish, Pike ndi Grayling. Malo ochapira ndi nyanja zambiri plaice mwachizolowezi ndi m'nyanja zikuluzikulu capelin ndi Greenland nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere, nkhanu ndi hering'i.

Mbiri ya pachilumbachi

akatswiri ake anawagawa magawo akuluakulu anayi. Choyamba izo zinayambira isanafike Russian Kola Peninsula. Pa nthawi imeneyo, munkakhala anthu zakwawoko - ndi Sami. Iwo akhasaka nswala, mabulosi kutola nsomba. Sami ankakhala kwake ndi padenga - Tupaj kapena m'mahema zopangidwa mphalapala khungu - kuvaksah.

The chachiwiri mbiri nyengo akuyamba m'zaka khumi mkubwela kwa midzi woyamba Pomeranian. Anthu okhala m'mizindayo ankachita chomwecho, ndi kuti Sami, koma mosiyana iwo, kawirikawiri kupita kusaka.

Iwo ankakhala kwake wamba Russian, koma ndi mazenera yopapatiza. Iwo anali zofunikira pofuna kusunga kutentha pazipita. Mu mazenera awa yopapatiza anapereka chunks olimba ayezi. Pamene chimasungunula, ndipamene kugwirizana kwambiri ndi mtengo.

Wachitatu mbiri nthawi ya Kola Peninsula tinganene kuti nkhondo ndi Aisiraeli. anthu a m'dziko kuyambira nthawi yakale chinalepheretsa Norwegians. Iwo ndi kwa nthawi yaitali ankati dziko la Sami. Iwo anali kumenyana nawo kuteteza dziko lawo. Pakuti Norwegians amati chilumba anakhala British. Mu XVII ndi XVIII zaka, anatentha Cola - linga, anamanga m'kamwa mwa mtsinje chomwecho.

Mbali chachinayi mu mbiri ya chilumba ndi kwathunthu chifukwa maonekedwe a mzinda wa Murmansk. The prospectors poyamba anaonekera mu malo awa mu 1912. Lero ndi doko lalikulu kwambiri ku Arctic.

Cities Kola Peninsula

Ndi kuthetsa woyamba wa kugombe-okhala, amene anaonekera pa dera la mzinda panopa Cola, anaonekera mu 1264. Iwo m'mabuku a Simoni galimoto Saling - wamalonda ku Netherlands m'zaka XVI.

Panthawi imeneyi gombe-okhala anayamba mwachangu kusinthanitsa ndi Norwegians, asilikali a Sweden, ku Britain, ndi Danes, amene anabwera zombo pa Kola Peninsula. City Cola anakhala likulu. anthu zake zikugwira nsomba, kuswana nkhuku ndi ng'ombe.

Mu 1814, mwala woyamba mpingo pa chilumba cha inamangidwa pano. Nzika wotchuka opandamantha chinyezimiro matenda asilikali a Sweden ndi British.

Murmansk

Ndi mzinda waukulu ili pa Arctic Kola Peninsula. Idamangidwa mu October 1916. Poyamba, iye ankatchedwa Romanov pa-Murman. Ili ndi dzina la mzindawo unali mu April 1917. Malowa ali pamtunda m'mbali mwa Kola Bay, makilomita 50 kuchoka ku nyanja Barents. Wazunguliridwa ndi mapiri ambiri.

Malo - mahekitala 15055 (kuphatikizapo madzi m'dera la Kola Bay - mahekitala 1357). m'tawuni agawidwa zigawo zitatu utsogoleri - Oktyabrsky, Leninsky ndi Pervomaisky.

Murmansk sangathe zimachitika umodzi mwa mizinda yaikulu ya dziko lathu, koma ndi mzinda waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse, lili ku Arctic Circle.

Mu May 1985, iye anapatsidwa udindo mkulu wa "Hero City," ndipo mu February 1971 kupereka dongosolo la Red mbendera ya Labor.

Apatity

Kola Peninsula, amene zithunzi nthaŵi zambiri pa masamba a mabuku apaulendo ku dera lawo siligwirizana ndi mizinda yambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo - Apatity, ndi malire akuwayang'anira wake, womwenso siteshoni ndipo m'mudzi Hibiny Tik-Guba.

Mzindawu unali pakati pa nyanja Imandra ndi Khibiny mapiri, pa magombe a White Mtsinje. Population - anthu 57905.

Mu 1916 pa malo a mzinda pano anatuluka pasiteshoni ya sitima, mogwirizana ndi pomanga msewu. Mu 1930 famu "Makampani" unapangidwa bungwe pano.

Bookmark mzinda chinachitika mu 1951 ndi kumanga Akademgorodok anayamba patapita zaka zitatu. Mogwirizana ndi imfa ya ntchito Stalin anali akudikiritsani mpaka 1956. Ndiye, mu mzinda wa Kirov TPP anayamba kumanga. Mu 1956 iye anapatsidwa mu nyumba yoyamba.

Mu 1966, mumzinda losandulizika. mamembala ake adalowa achinyamata m'mudzi.

Zima pa Kola Peninsula

Izi ndi nyengo yaitali m'madera amenewa. Zima kumatenga miyezi itatu. Mu October, pali matalala, ndipo mu May, nyanja ndi mitsinje akadali icebound. Ndipo ndi yozizira Kola Peninsula (chithunzi inu onani nkhani yathu) - ndi wapadera, Fairy-nthano dziko. Ngakhale kuti kutentha akhoza kusiya pansipa madigiri 40, kuzizira sanali nsinga ndi pafupifupi sadamve, chifukwa cha mlingo wochepa chinyezi.

usiku kumalo ozizira

Chifukwa chakuti Kola Peninsula ndi kumpoto kwa Arctic Circle, mu nthawi kuchokera mochedwa November mpaka mapeto a January pano akulamulira usiku kumalo ozizira.

Black kumwamba tizinthu nyenyezi zowala mzinda, magetsi. Masana, thambo pang'ono mbandakucha, kuwonekera wofiirira, mdima buluu ndipo ngakhale pinki mithunzi. Choncho maola awiri yochepa madzulo. Ndiye thambo darkens kachiwiri.

magetsi kumpoto

Ochepa a anthu a mbali Loona za dziko nawo mwayi kuona choonetsedwa zapadera zimene imakongoletsa Kola Peninsula m'nyengo yozizira. Black Mwadzidzidzi mitambo maluwa malirime a moto mithunzi - kuchokera yofiirira buluu wobiriwira. Ziri ngati laser zimasonyeza ku sikutheka kuyang'ana kumbali. Iwo akhoza anati kuchokera September mpaka April. Kufikira tsopano lino, Aurora borealis imatengedwa chodabwitsa mwachinsinsi, azolowere amene akhoza ngakhale anthu a Arctic.

Peninsula mtsinje

Madamu m'dziko muno makamaka kudyetsa madzi Sungunulani (60% ya otaya ndi). Kola Peninsula mitsinje ndi yodzaza madzi miyezi 2 chaka (May-June), ndiyeno iwo kwambiri kukula osaya. The madzi mu iwo mwachuluka amadalira mvula chilimwe.

Kutalika kuposa zikwi 50. Km. Iwo ali ku chigwa cha nyanja Ziwiri kumpoto - ndi Barents ndi White. Ena a iwo ndi yaitali kuposa 200 Km - Varzuga Ponoy, Tuloma. Amakhala 70% ya okwana beseni dera m'chigawo Murmansk. Pafupifupi mitsinje yonse ndi meridional otaya malangizo mavesi latitudinal losiyana yekha mtsinje Ponoy.

Ambiri mwa mtsinje (Niva, Khwangwala, Umba, etc.) Kodi anachokera ku nyanja yaikulu. madzi ndi zambiri Kamaoneka buluu ndi poyela. Pa chigumula cha mtsinje apitirize yambiri matope, mchenga, masamba akufa. Kola Peninsula ndi yaitali amaundana-mmwamba - miyezi 7, ayezi chivundikiro kumatenga masiku 210 pa chaka. Mitsinje mu May.

chitsime

Pa mitsinje Tuloma, Niva, Kovda, akhwangwala ndi hydropower zomera ndi madamu. Mosiyana ndi mitsinje kumveka kum'mwera, kumpoto chifukwa yozizira madzi mu mathithi pansi nyengo yozizira anapanga ayezi.

Mitsinje ya Kola Peninsula agawidwa m'magulu anayi:

• poluravninnye (Varzuga Ponoy, Strel'na);
• Amadyetsa mtsinje (Varzina, Niva, Kolvica);
• nyanja mtundu (Umba, Drozdovka, Rynda);
• mtundu phiri (Kuhn zosaya White).

nsomba

Kola Peninsula ndi lero malo osangalatsa kwambiri kwa connoisseurs woona wa nsomba kuti mumapezeka nsomba ndi nsomba. Izo ziri zodziwika bwino padziko lonse monga malo yabwino kugwira "nsomba wolemekezeka." Conventionally Mtsinje Peninsula asodzi anawagawa amene amagwa mu ozizira Barents Nyanja, ndi iwo amene amafikitsa madzi awo ku White.

Usodzi Kola Peninsula ndi zosangalatsa osati kwa oyamba, komanso okonda ntchito imeneyi ndi zinachitikira. Mu July, mu chilumba cha mtsinje abwera ambiri nsomba waukulu kwambiri - "Tindi" ndipo mu August ng'ombe muli sing'anga-kakulidwe nsomba.

Izi dziko nkhanza unakhudzadi kwambiri pa anthu a madamu. Ambiri mwa mitsinje palibe Grayling pano m'malo mwake akubwera kozizira gale- ndi whitefish.

Nathenje pano limakula ndi olimba kwambiri asanu, ndipo nthawizina zamitundu semikilogrammovyh ndi mumapezeka nsomba zosakwana makilogalamu 2.

The mtsinje wotchuka kwambiri, entailing asodzi ochokera ku maiko onse ndi ochokera m'mayiko kwa Kola Peninsula (Russia), kufanizira ndi kumtunda kumpoto, ndi Jokanga, Cola, Rynda, Kharlovka, Varzina, East Nkhope. Iwo bungwe ndi nsomba bwino pa Kola Peninsula molapitsa.

mtsinje Kharlovka

mtsinje lodabwitsali ndi lodziwika bwino kwa ambuye aluso nsomba nsomba. Komanso, apa zambiri kwa apaulendo amene amazindikira chikhalidwe chachilendo cha kumpoto. Iwo amakopeka ndi mathithi okongola. misa yaikulu madzi kungachititse kuti akuchitiridwa kusangalala munthu amene kamodzi kuona choonetsedwa lodabwitsali.

Kharlovka amadziwika makamaka nsomba zazikulu ndi osachepera waukulu bulauni mumapezeka nsomba. Komabe, kudutsa utuluke ndi mathithi akhoza nsomba okha ndi mulingo woyenera madzi mu mtsinje. Nthawi zina asodzi nsomba kutaya ndipo penyani nsomba kuyesera zopinga izi. The woyera thovu madzi nsomba kudumpha madzi. Mu gawo chapamwamba pali zachilengedwe mathithi mbale amene angathe kugwila ndondomeko pa filimu. Okhala Kola Peninsula kalekale n'zosadabwitsa wapadera kanema ya nsomba ija ngati ntchentche mu kamera mandala.

Mu Kharlovka nsomba kwambiri, chifukwa osati kuno rybolovy- "mbuli", komanso bungwe apamwamba motsogozedwa maulendo.

belu

mtsinje n'zimene zimachititsa kuti magulu nsomba zazikulu ndi zachilengedwe zokongola. Zikuluzikulu zitatu multistage mathithi, kuchuluka yaikulu mumapezeka nsomba kunyanja ndi nsomba kupanga malo awa wokongola kwambiri.

Usodzi Kola Peninsula mu belu mtsinje ali kwambiri mafani. Ena a iwo anabwera ku malo amenewa pa maulendo nsomba kwa zaka 17-18.

Terek Beach

Mtsinje, umene uli kum'mwera banki ya Terek ali otchuka kwambiri osiyanasiyana anglers padziko lonse.

Izi zazikulu mtsinje Umba, ndi mathithi ndi Razdolnaya Varzuga makhwawa, Kica ndi Pan anthu ng'ombe zambiri za nsomba, ndi odziwika Terek mtsinje Strelna Chapoma, Chavanga, Pyalitsa.

Tikumbukenso kuti wa Terek mtsinje gombe ndi mndandanda kwambiri nsomba wamoyo. Iwo amapita pa spawning shoals wa nsomba, nsomba, nyanja mumapezeka nsomba.

Mu mitsinje izi zonse moyo mtsinje mumapezeka nsomba, zofiirira mumapezeka nsomba, Grayling, whitefish.

Mitundu carp ndi roach, ide. ogwirira A anapereka nsomba, Pike, burbot.