Russian: orfogrammy. Onse orfogrammy Chirasha

Chirasha wolemera orfogrammy, akudziwa mwana aliyense. Popeza ife kuphunzira malamulo ambiri, amene mulibe kuwerenga ubwana wake pa maphunziro Russian, ndipo onse kuti adziwe kalembedwe ka olondola a mawu. Onse orfogrammy Chirasha saganizira iwo mwakuti ngakhale akatswiri a zinenero zina asokonezeka ndipo aiwala. Nkhaniyi itithandiza kumvetsa malamulo yaikulu ya kalembedwe.

Unstressed mavawelo mu muzu verifiable ndi orfogrammy "che schA"

lamulo limeneli, ana amayamba kuphunzira, monga ulamuliro, mu kalasi yoyamba kapena mkaka. ulamuliro kumathandiza kudziwa zomwe kalata zinalembedwa ku muzu wa mawu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "och_rovanie" akhoza kulembedwa ngati kalata "o" ndi kalata "a". Kupeza zimene kalata zinalembedwa mawu, m'pofunika kusankha muzu mawu omwewo. mawu yoyenera adzakhala "chara", chifukwa kuno ndi yomwenso imagwera pa kalata "a". Zikutanthauza kuti "chithumwa" walembedwa ndi kalata "ndi" mu Mphukira.

Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti orfogrammy chinenero cha Chirasha akhoza kuwoloka. Mwachitsanzo, wina, ulamuliro n'kofunika ndi kalembedwe wa "che, conductive." liwu "che conductive" nthawi zonse zolembedwa ndi kalata "a". Mwachitsanzo, covert, chara, chithumwa, kapu ndi zina. D.

mavawelo Kupanda kusamala mawu muzu

mavawelo Kupanda kusamala mu muzu wa mawu - ichi ndi ambiri sakondedwa zambiri ophunzira mu sukulu ya pulayimale. Ndipotu, pamene mawu orfogrammy ngati sangathandize malangizo alionse. Orfogrammy Chirasha ndi unverifiable za mawu mu muzu si kufufuzidwa, kulemba mawu awa ayenera kulowezedwa. The mavawelo umboni mawu monga :. Birch, rasipiberi vinaigrette, kumsika, kubzala mbewu anthu, nthochi, chocolate, diamondi, etc. Kulemba mawu awa kukumbukira kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse, kuti amalakwitsa.

zilembo Unpronounceable ku muzu wa mawu

Nkofunika kudziwa malamulo a zilembo unpronounceable ku muzu wa mawu, chifukwa orfogrammy kawirikawiri amapezeka pa kalatayo. Nthawi zambiri zilembo unpronounceable wachibadidwe umboni. Mwachitsanzo: oopsa - woopsa mtima - mtima, dzuwa - dzuwa, chimphona - chimphona, wodala - chimwemwe, wosayankha - wolamulira, ndi ena.

Kalembedwe prefixes kutha mu z-, c-

Ndipotu anthu amalakwitsa zinthu mobwerezabwereza mu mabokosi kupatula pamwamba, mapeto z- ndi C, ngakhale ndikudziwa bwino Chirasha. Orfogrammy mtima sizachilendo, kotero ine bwino kukumbukira kalembedwe wa potsata mtima. Mtima pa z- ndi m'ma ndi: WHO- / Boc, chrez- / cheres-, vz- / vs-, WHO- / Boc, iz / ntchito, osiyana / kugawa, ti- / wopandamalire ndipo roz- / ros-.

Pofuna kumvetsa zimene kalata kwalembedwa, m'pofunika kuyang'ana malangizo. Ngati mukutsata manambala oyambirira kalata consonant wogontha (k, N, T, yakumadzulo, yakumadzulo, f, m, H, m, v), manambala oyambirira a kwalembedwa ndi kalata "c" ngati ulamuliro amapereka chinenero cha Chirasha. Orfogrammy akusonyeza kuti ngati wotsatira kulira phokoso, ndi manambala oyambirira kwalembedwa ndi kothera "s". Zitsanzo ndi "c": wayaka, kupenta, discolored, kosalekeza, etc. Zitsanzo za "Z" :. Kugwiritsa, yowawitsa, mankhwala tione ndi ena.

Alternating mavawelo mu muzu

Kusinthana ka mavawelo mu mizu - izi ndi ulamuliro zofunika, umene limodzi wophunzira wochokera 5 kuti kalasi 11. Orfogrammy pa kusinthana ka mavawelo mu mizu pang'ono kulemba mayeso onse, monga OGE (DPA) ndipo mayeso.

Orfogrammy Chirasha idzagwiritsa kuli magulu anayi wa alternating, chilichonse tiyenera kuziganizira:

• Kayamba imene za mawu kulemba zimadalira suffix zotsatirazi:

-ber- / Bir, wabweletsela - / - tir-, Perot - / - PIR, -stel - / - stil-, -blest - / - blist-, -der - / - dir-.

Muzu wa mawu olembedwa kalata "ndipo" ngati nkoyenera kwa suffix -a-: wotseka (koma amaundana), kutentha (koma kuwotcha) kuwala (koma kudzawala), ndipo ena.

Muzu wa mawu olembedwa "ndipo" ngati nkoyenera kwa suffix pa -a-: kukhudza (koma kukhudza), kupereka (koma kupereka), ndipo ena.

• Mizu, potsata maganizo za mawu kalembedwe ka mawu:

-gar - / - gor-, -tvar - / - kulenga, -klan - / - klon-, -zar - / - zor-.

Ngati maganizo mawu imagwera pa kalata "a", zinalembedwanso ku muzu wa "ndi" Satana, kugwada, kuwala, m'bandakucha, ndipo ena.

Ngati maganizo mawu imagwera pa muzu, kwalembedwa "za": chilengedwe, uta, sunbathing, Dawn ndi ena.

• Kulemba za mawu mu muzu wa mawu zimadalira makalata kumbuyo za mawu awa:

-rast - / - rasch - / - rosch-, -skak - / - skoch-.

Kalata "a" kwalembedwa kutsogolo kwa "Art" ndi "u" :. Chipinda wamkulu, etc. kalata "o" zinalembedwa zina zonse. Kuchotserapo: mphukira, akamakula, kukula, moneylender, Rostov ndi ena.

"A" Zalembedwa pamaso "kuti" ndi "o" Zalembedwa pamaso "H". Mwadya kudumpha, etc. kuchotserapo Sangalalani, kudumpha, etc ..

• Kulemba za mawu mu muzu zimadalira tanthauzo:

-mak - / - IOC, -ravn - / - rovn-.

Mbali yoyamba kwalembedwa "ndi" ngati mawu amakhala thupi lonse m'madzi :. kuviika, kuviika, etc. kwalembedwa "pa" madzi ndi mtengo: yonyowa, zilowerere, yonyowa, ndi ena.

Ngati chachiwiri kwalembedwa "a" pamene mtengo n'chimodzimodzi ndi "amodzi" :. Wofanana, wofanana, etc. kwalembedwa "pa" pamene mtengo n'chimodzimodzi ndi "mzere": yosalala, angaimbidwenso, ndi ena.

Makalata "ndipo", "s" pambuyo "c"

Wolemera zosiyanasiyana malamulo Russian. Orfogrammy anapeza apa ndi apo. Izo ziri chimodzimodzi zomwe makalata "ndipo", "s" pambuyo consonant "N", ophunzira nthawi zambiri wosokonezeka mu kalembedwe awo. Ndipotu, kuti molondola kulemba mawu ndi orfogrammy amenewa, muyenera kukumbukira, mu lemba lililonse mlandu "ndi" ndi imene "s":

• "Ndipo" iwo kulemba pa muzu wa mawu: chithunzi, amagwira, masewera aja, yamphamvu ndi ena.
• "Ndipo" kulemba mawu pa "soni": mtundu, nkhani, misonkhano, zambiri, anthu wamba ndi ena.
• "S" mu mathero lemba mawu ndi suffixes: (ayi) mfumukazi (shawl) Lisitsyn (ayi) stepdaughter neri Al.
• "S" zinalembedwa m'mawu a kupatulana: Roma, nkhuku, Chuck, Chuck, tsyknut, pa tiptoe, ndi ena.

Kalembedwe wa prefixes zi- ndi zobisika

Kalembedwe mtima m'malo complicates Chirasha. Orfogrammy gawo ili la mawu amapezeka ambirimbiri. Komabe, zambiri mu prefixes zi- ndi zobisika kukumbukira mosavuta.

Ntchito prefixes zi- pamene:

• Iwo anapereka mabokosi pamwamba anasamutsa: asiye chipika, ndi m'malo ena.
• Apatsa mawu mlingo wapamwamba wa khalidwe: mowopsya zabwino, predobry, kumkuza, upambana, upambana ndi ena.

Zobisika manambala oyambirira ntchito pamene:

• nkhani moyandikana: mwanyanja, uchikumbe, bwalo, siteshoni etc.
• Ilo liri ndi tanthawuzo la Kuwonjezera ndi chiyerekezo: kulumikiza atsogolere ndi ena.
• Umatiuza kuti incompleteness kanthu: prizakryt, pogona, kuyamba, priutihnut ndi ena.
• Amasonyeza ntchito anamaliza: kuwonjezera pa, osalankhula, ndi ena.

Kodi zaka za kafukufuku kudziwika kwa onse ambiri orfogrammy Chirasha. Akhale ophunzira ndi ophunzira malamulo awa a kalembedwe ndi kuchita ntchito zothandiza zofunikira kuloweza. masukulu uli ulamuliro mosamala kulemba.