Ife tikuyang'ana kwa cognates

Chomwecho muzu ndi mawu ofanana tanthauzo ndi nawo wamba. N'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza kuti mbali imeneyi ayenera kukhala muzu (kapena mmodzi wa mizu, ngati mawu ovuta). Choncho, choyamba muyenera kudziwa kuti kodi ndi mizu. Ulamuliro wa chinenero cha Chirasha kwa kalasi 1 limati muzu amatchedwa gawo wamba mawu ofanana kamodzi phindu lalikulu.

Monga mtengo, mawu akuti "kukula" muzu.

kuthekera kosankha mawu ofanana (zimafanana - muzu yomweyo) amatilola kulemba molondola. Zimenezi zikugwira orfogrammy monga unstressed za mawu mu muzu (mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "mtsinje" unstressed "E" limafufuza cognate mawu "mtsinje" imene "f" likukumana ndi mavuto).

Ana nthawi zambiri anasokoneza zimakhalira pachibale ndi zosiyanasiyana za mau omwewo. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "mbeŵa" - "mbewa" - cognate ndi mawu, ndi "mbewa" - mtundu wina wa chomwecho. Mawu Mafomu zimasiyana ndi mapeto ake, ndipo mawu ofanana anapanga mothandizidwa ndi prefixes ndi suffixes. Ndi kuwatonthoza angathe kusintha mawu, ngakhale zosiyana. Pakuti Mwachitsanzo, otsutsana kufika ndi kunyamuka ndi pa stemmings yomweyo.

chinanso cholakwika mu mawu osakwatiwa-muzu - kutenga mawu okhudza anthu amene ali ndi muzu chomwecho mu kalembedwe ndi mawu, koma mosalephera. mizu zimenezi zimatchedwa homonymous. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "zonyamula", "thireyi", "wapakhomo" - muzu -nos- mu "mphuno" mawu oti "sock", "mlatho" - komanso -nos-, koma palibe kuchita makhalidwe awo. Homonymous ndi mizu mawu si muzu chomwecho. The vuto n'zosiyana zingaoneke mu mawu ofanana kwambiri tanthauzo, koma alibe mizu wamba. Mwachitsanzo: galu - ndi mwana wagalu, kavalo - wamphongo, etc. Chirasha si wolemera, komanso sizimadziwika kwambiri!

Cognates kungakhale monga mbali ya mawu, ndi osiyana (kuthawa wothamanga, othamanga - manauni, kuthamanga, kuthamanga - kasewenzetsedwe ka mau; akuthamanga, mwamsanga - adjectives; kuthamanga - Mgonero).

Mfundo chidwi mu derivation ndi zikuimira taphunzira zokhudzana mawu mu mizu, ndipo mavawelo (m'bandakucha - Zori lendewera - anapachikidwa) ndi zilembo (abwenzi-anzanu zouma - youma). Mitundu, pamene zilembo ali alternated ndi osakaniza zilembo (kuyendetsa - galimoto kugwira - Nsomba) ndi mavawelo - "ziro phokoso", otchedwa wothawa za mawu (bambo - bambo, kugona - tulo).

mawu Cognate akhoza mizu awiri kapena kuposa. Mawu amenewa amatchedwa zovuta. muzu wina Pankhaniyi chikukhudzana, ndi zina adzatumikira monga maziko mapangidwe phindu latsopano mawu. Mwachitsanzo: wobiriwira - yobiriwira, dziko - wolima, magetsi - opangira magetsi mphamvu.

mawu onse okhudzana, analamula ndi ena ofanana awo, pamodzi kupanga derivational chisa. Pa m'munsi mwa bowo - ndi vertex (original mawu), kumene opangidwa kuchokera stemmings anapanga. Zitsanzo: kuimba - woimba kuimba - intonate - anaimba; zaka - zaka - lotha - chakale. zitsulo Derivational kungakhale slaborazvernutym (opangidwa kuchokera awiri) ndipo silnorazvernutym (pamwamba ndi pa atatu ena ofanana). Chitsanzo silnorazvernutogo jacks akhoza muzu mawu kuti mawu akuti "kunyumba": nyumba, nyumba yaing'ono, domische, nyumba yolumikizana, kunyumba, wosasakaza, kuba pothyola, kunyumba ofotokoza nyumba kama mbatata, banja, mwini nyumba, zachuma kunyumba, domostroj, kumanga nyumba, ndi ana amasiye, ndi madhouse.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe muzu mawu!