Umboni si chofunika: chitsanzo cha axiom kwa

Kodi chikuchititsa mawu achinsinsi "axiom", omwe anabwera ndipo izo zikutanthauza chiyani? Sukulu 7-8 kalasi mosavuta funso limeneli chifukwa posachedwapa, ndi kukula njira yaikulu ya ndege Masamu, anayenera ntchitoyo: ". Uti mawu amatchedwa axioms, apereke zitsanzo" Ifenso wamkulu zikuoneka kuti atsogolere manyazi. Nthawi zambiri akudutsa kuchokera kuphunzira, zimakhalanso zovuta kukumbukira ndizosowa sayansi. Komabe, mawu akuti "axiom" kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.

tanthawuzo

Choncho zimene zimatchedwa axioms akusangalala? Zitsanzo za axioms ndi yosiyanasiyana ndi si zokhazo aliyense M'dera lina la sayansi. Anati akuti amachokera Chigiriki ndipo amatanthauza "watengedwa malo".

A tanthauzo okhwima akuti limanena kuti axiom - pa nkhani yolembedwa chachikulu cha chiphunzitso chilichonse chimene sikutanthauza umboni. Pali maganizo ambiri masamu (makamaka masamu), logic, nzeru.

More wakale Greek Aristotle ananena kuti mfundo zoonekeratu, umboni kuti muthe. Mwachitsanzo, palibe aliyense amakayikira kuti dzuwa limaonekera yekha masana. Ndinayamba chiphunzitso chimenechi ndi masamu ena - Euclid. Chitsanzo axiom za mizere yomweyi kuti konse wake.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, tanthauzo zinasintha. Tsopano axiom anazindikira osati monga chiyambi cha sayansi, ndi wapakatikati chifukwa chifukwa, amene akutumikira monga poyambira chiphunzitso zina.

Naye njira sukulu

Ophunzira tikuuzidwa kuti postulates alibe amafuna kutsimikizira pa maphunziro a masamu. Choncho, pamene akamaliza sukulu ya sekondale mwapatsidwa: "Perekani zitsanzo za axioms", iwo nthawi zambiri ndikuganiza maphunziro a masamu ndi ajebura. Nazi zitsanzo za mayankho wamba:

• mfundo mwachindunji kumeneko, kuti alandire (ie bodza pa mzere wolunjika) ndi satsatira (samanama pa mzere wolunjika);
• mukhoza lembani mzere molunjika kudzera mfundo ziwiri;
• kuswa ndege mu awiri theka ndege, m'pofunika kukhala ndi mzera molunjika.

Ajebura ndi masamu mu mawonekedwe zolaula mwa zonena choterocho si kutumikiridwa, koma chitsanzo cha axiom angapezeke mu sayansi izi:

• chiwerengero wofanana yokha;
• wagawo patsogolo manambala zonse zachilengedwe;
• ngati K = L, ndiye L = K.

Motero, kupyolera mwa mfundozo yosavuta tikuuzidwa mfundo zapamwamba kwambiri, anapanga kufufuza ndipo anachotsa Lingaliro Lovomerezeka.

Kumanga sayansi zochokera axioms

Kumanga sayansi (ziribe kanthu mtundu wa kafukufuku funso), zofunika maziko - nyumba zingatipunthwitse kumene izo kutuluka. Akamanena za njira axiomatic: Kutilenga ndi matanthauzo a mawu, chitsanzo cha axiom ndi anakonza pa maziko amene amasonyeza postulates otsala.

matanthauzo Scientific ayenera kukhala ndi mfundo zikuluzikulu, mwachitsanzo amene sangathe kumatanthauza kudzera ena:

• Sequentially kufotokoza lililonse akuti, kupereka phindu lake, kufika zapansi aliyense sayansi.
• Chotsatira - chizindikiritso cha ingachititse pakati zodzinenera, amene ayenera kukhala chokwanira pa umboni wa kunena otsala chiphunzitsochi. Sami chomwecho postulates zofunika amavomerezedwa popanda kulungamitsidwa.
• Chinthu chomaliza - yomanga ndi kwanzeru za chiphunzitsochi.

Postulates wa sayansi zosiyanasiyana

Mawu popanda umboni si mu sayansi yeniyeni, komanso anthu amene nthawi zambiri zimachitika zaumunthu lapansi. A chitsanzo chapadera - ndi nzeru kuti imalongosola ndi axiom monga mawu amene mungathe kuphunzira popanda kudziwa zothandiza.

Chitsanzo cha axiom ndilo mu jurisprudence: "simungathe kuweruza khalidwe lako." Kuchokera pa chiyanjo imeneyi, linanena bungwe malamulo a mayikowo - milandu mosakondera, ndiko kuti, woweruza sangathe kumva nkhani ngati ndi mwachindunji kapena ayi chidwi.

Si onse lache

Kuti timvetse kusiyana pakati axioms woona ndi mawu osavuta, amene ananena choonadi, m'pofunika kudziwa mtima kwa iwo. Mwachitsanzo, pamene izo zifika ku chipembedzo kumene zonse mopepuka, pali mfundo ambiri mtima wonse kuti chinachake n'choona chifukwa n'zosatheka kutsimikizira. Ndipo asayansi kuti n'zosatheka onani mpaka malo ena, motero, lidzakhala axiom. Kufunitsitsa kukayikira, onani kumbuyo - ndicho chimene chimasiyanitsa wasayansi weniweni.