Nkhondo Livonia zaka 1558-1583 wakhala umodzi wa misonkhano yokopa zofunika kwambiri nthawi ya Ivana Groznogo. Ndipo onse a m'zaka za zana XVI, mwinamwake.
Livonia nkhondo: mwachidule pa malo a
Chachikulu Muscovite tsar anatha kugonjetsa Kazan ndi Astrakhan Khanate, Ivan IV anacheukira anthu a m'mayiko Baltic ndi Nyanja Baltic. The adani madera awa ufumu Moscow zingatanthauze mwayi zingamuthandize kuti malonda mu Baltic. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anakhala kumeneko kale wamalonda German ndi Livonia Order anali disadvantageous kwambiri kulola mpikisano latsopano m'deralo. Maonekedwe a amatsutsana, ndipo anali kukhala ku Livonia nkhondo. Mwachidule kutchula ayenera kukhala pafupi chifukwa yokhala izo. Iwo anali ngati sanali kupereka msonkho ndi Livonia Order, amene bishopu wa Dorpat unkayenera kupereka mokomera Moscow malinga ndi pangano mu 1554. Yokhala, Hezekiya wakhalapo kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma XVI. Komabe, kuchita pa izo kwa nthawi yaitali palibe amene anakumbukira. Only ndi aggravation ubale wa pakati pa zipani, Ivan Grozny ntchito mfundo imeneyi monga kulungamitsa Russian kuwukira mu nyanja ya Baltic.
Livonia nkhondo: mwachidule za vicissitudes nkhondo ndi
asilikali Russian anayamba nkhondo ya Livonia mu 1558. Gawo loyamba la kugunda, chimene chinakhalapo mpaka 1561, inatenga onongani kugonjetsedwa kwa Order Livonia. Army wa Moscow tsar pogroms kuyenda kum'mawa ndi pakati Livonia. Dorpat ndi Riga unatengedwa. Mu 1559, maphwando zinasaina osayanjanitsika kwa miyezi sikisi, amene anali kukhala mu pangano mtendere pa mawu a vassalage wa Order Livonia ku Russia. Koma kuthandiza Ankhondo German komweko Mfumu ya Poland ndi Sweden. Korol Sigizmund II zamtendere mchitidwe anatha kutenga dongosolo pansi protectorate yake. Ndipo mfundo za mgwirizano Vilna Livonia Order unatha mu November 1561. m'gawo lake wogawanika pakati Lithuania ndi Poland. Tsopano Ivanu Groznomu anali kukumanizana mwakamodzi atatu Otsutsa wamphamvu: Duchy la Lithuania, Ufumu wa Poland ndi ku Sweden. Ndi inawo Komabe, Tsar wa Muscovy akhoza mofulumira kupanga pamtendele kwa kanthawi. Mu zaka za 1562-63 akuyamba chachiwiri zikuluzikulu imene ikuchitika Nyanja Baltic. Events Livonia nkhondo, pa siteji iyi, anapitiriza kukhala bwino. Komabe, mu 1560s m'ma kwa asapita malire mavuto pakati Ivanom Groznym ndi boyars osankhidwa osangalala. zinthu zina amakula chifukwa cha kupanduka kwa mmodzi wa mnzake wapamtima wa kalonga Andreya Kurbskogo kuti Lithuania ndi chothaŵa wake kwa mdani (chifukwa zachititsa kuti fuko lomveka, anali despotism kukula wa Moscow ukulu ndi siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la ufulu wakale wa otchuka). Zitachitika izi, Ivan Grozny potsiriza anaumitsa, powona momuzungulira olimba oukira. Ikufanana ndi zikuchitika izi, ndi zigonjetso kutsogolo, lomwe limafotokoza Prince adani mkati. Mu 1569, Lithuania ndi Poland ogwirizana mu boma limodzi kuti Kumalimbitsa mphamvu zawo. Cha m'ma 1560 ndi - oyambirira 70 asilikali Russian zowawa mndandanda wa unagonjetsedwa ndipo ngakhale kutaya m'malinga ochepa. Ndi 1579 nkhondo kwa Grand Duchy wa Moscow izo kale kuphunzira kumbuyo kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Komabe, mu 1579 mdani analandidwa Polotsk, mu 1580th - Great Uta, mu 1582, kupitiriza kuzinga yaitali Pskov. Nzowonekeratu kuti kusaina mtendere ndi wotopa boma patatha zaka zambiri nkhondo.
Livonia nkhondo: mwachidule za zotsatira
Nkhondo itatha ndi kusaina akumane kwambiri Moscow Plyusskogo ndi chilazi Zapolskoho truces. Access ku Nyanja Baltic sichinayambe analandira. M'malo mwake, Duke adapanga wotopa komanso unawononge- dziko anali mu malo ovuta kwambiri. The zotsatira za Livonia nkhondo inapita mavuto ochuluka omwe zinachititsa kuti Mavuto Great chiyambi cha m'ma XVI.